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Arab HH, Eid AH, Alsufyani SE, Ashour AM, El-Sheikh AAK, Darwish HW, Sabry FM. Targeting Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Perturbations with Dapagliflozin Mitigates Cadmium-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3000. [PMID: 38002000 PMCID: PMC10669515 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline and Alzheimer-like neuropathology are common manifestations of cadmium toxicity. Thanks to its antioxidant/anti-apoptotic features, dapagliflozin has demonstrated promising neuroprotective actions. However, its effect on cadmium-induced neurotoxicity is lacking. The present work aimed to examine whether dapagliflozin could protect rats from cadmium-evoked cognitive decline. In this study, the behavioral disturbances and hippocampal biomolecular alterations were studied after receiving dapagliflozin. Herein, cadmium-induced memory/learning decline was rescued in the Morris water maze, novel object recognition task, and Y-shaped maze by dapagliflozin. Meanwhile, the hippocampal histopathological abnormalities were mitigated. The molecular mechanisms revealed that dapagliflozin lowered hippocampal expression of p-tau and Aβ42 neurotoxic proteins while augmenting acetylcholine. The cognitive enhancement was triggered by hippocampal autophagy stimulation, as indicated by decreased SQSTM-1/p62 and Beclin 1 upregulation. Meanwhile, a decrease in p-mTOR/total mTOR and an increase in p-AMPK/total AMPK ratio were observed in response to dapagliflozin, reflecting AMPK/mTOR cascade stimulation. Dapagliflozin, on the other hand, dampened the pro-apoptotic processes in the hippocampus by downregulating Bax, upregulating Bcl-2, and inactivating GSK-3β. The hippocampal oxidative insult was mitigated by dapagliflozin as seen by lipid peroxide lowering, antioxidants augmentation, and SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation. In conclusion, dapagliflozin's promising neuroprotection was triggered by its pro-autophagic, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt; (A.H.E.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Shuruq E. Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed M. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Azza A. K. El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatma M. Sabry
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt; (A.H.E.); (F.M.S.)
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Abd Elmaaboud MA, Estfanous RS, Atef A, Kabel AM, Alnemari KA, Naguib TM, Alsufyani SE, Darwish HW, Arab HH. Dapagliflozin/Hesperidin Combination Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1370. [PMID: 37895841 PMCID: PMC10609711 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorders worldwide. Its pathologic features include massive neuroinflammation with abnormal deposition of β-amyloid peptide in the cerebral tissues leading to degeneration of the brain neurons. Adverse effects associated with the traditional drugs used for the treatment of this pathological condition have directed the research efforts towards searching for alternative effective agents with minimal adverse effects. The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential ameliorative effects of dapagliflozin and/or hesperidin on Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in rats. In a rodent model of AD, the effect of dapagliflozin with or without hesperidin on the biochemical parameters and the behavioral tests as well as the histopathological parameters was determined. Each of dapagliflozin and hesperidin restored the behavioral tests to the reference values, augmented the antioxidant defense mechanisms, ameliorated the neuronal inflammatory responses, combatted the changes in Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein signaling and receptors of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) levels, and restored the balance between the apoptotic signals and autophagy in the hippocampal tissues. Additionally, both agents exhibited an outstanding ability to combat LPS-induced perturbations in the histopathological and electron microscopic image of the brain tissues. These favorable effects were significantly encountered in the group treated with dapagliflozin/hesperidin combination when compared versus animals treated with either dapagliflozin or hesperidin. In conclusion, inhibition of the hippocampal HMGB1/TLR4/RAGE signaling, the pro-inflammatory axis, and apoptosis alongside augmentation of the antioxidant defenses and autophagy can be regarded as beneficial effects by which dapagliflozin/hesperidin combination may combat LPS-triggered AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Remon S. Estfanous
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Aliaa Atef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | | | - Tamer M. Naguib
- Anesthesia and ICU Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Shuruq E. Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.A.); or (H.H.A.)
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.A.); or (H.H.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Arab HH, Eid AH, Yahia R, Alsufyani SE, Ashour AM, El-Sheikh AAK, Darwish HW, Saad MA, Al-Shorbagy MY, Masoud MA. Targeting Autophagy, Apoptosis, and SIRT1/Nrf2 Axis with Topiramate Underlies Its Neuroprotective Effect against Cadmium-Evoked Cognitive Deficits in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1214. [PMID: 37765022 PMCID: PMC10535870 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental toxicant that instigates cognitive deficits with excessive glutamate excitatory neuroactivity in the brain. Topiramate, a glutamate receptor antagonist, has displayed favorable neuroprotection against epilepsy, cerebral ischemia, and Huntington's disease; however, its effect on cadmium neurotoxicity remains to be investigated. In this study, topiramate was tested for its potential to combat the cognitive deficits induced by cadmium in rats with an emphasis on hippocampal oxidative insult, apoptosis, and autophagy. After topiramate intake (50 mg/kg/day; p.o.) for 8 weeks, behavioral disturbances and molecular changes in the hippocampal area were explored. Herein, Morris water maze, Y-maze, and novel object recognition test revealed that topiramate rescued cadmium-induced memory/learning deficits. Moreover, topiramate significantly lowered hippocampal histopathological damage scores. Mechanistically, topiramate significantly replenished hippocampal GLP-1 and dampened Aβ42 and p-tau neurotoxic cues. Notably, it significantly diminished hippocampal glutamate content and enhanced acetylcholine and GABA neurotransmitters. The behavioral recovery was prompted by hippocampal suppression of the pro-oxidant events with notable activation of SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis. Moreover, topiramate inactivated GSK-3β and dampened the hippocampal apoptotic changes. In tandem, stimulation of hippocampal pro-autophagy events, including Beclin 1 upregulation, was triggered by topiramate that also activated AMPK/mTOR pathway. Together, the pro-autophagic, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic features of topiramate contributed to its neuroprotective properties in rats intoxicated with cadmium. Therefore, it may be useful to mitigate cadmium-induced cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (H.H.A.); (S.E.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt; (A.H.E.); (R.Y.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Rania Yahia
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt; (A.H.E.); (R.Y.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Shuruq E. Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (H.H.A.); (S.E.A.)
| | - Ahmed M. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Azza A. K. El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammed A. Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Y. Al-Shorbagy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Masoud
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt; (A.H.E.); (R.Y.); (M.A.M.)
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Arab HH, Eid AH, Alsufyani SE, Ashour AM, El-Sheikh AAK, Darwish HW, Georgy GS. Neuroprotective Impact of Linagliptin against Cadmium-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Neuropathological Aberrations: Targeting SIRT1/Nrf2 Axis, Apoptosis, and Autophagy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1065. [PMID: 37630980 PMCID: PMC10459587 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental contaminant associated with marked neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment. Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has demonstrated promising neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia and diabetic dementia. However, there has been no study of its effect on cadmium-induced cognitive deficits. In the present work, linagliptin's prospective neuroprotective effects against cadmium-evoked cognitive decline were examined in vivo in rats. The molecular pathways related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy were investigated. Histology, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and biochemical assays were performed on brain hippocampi after receiving linagliptin (5 mg/kg/day). The current findings revealed that cadmium-induced learning and memory impairment were improved by linagliptin as seen in the Morris water maze, Y-maze, and novel object recognition test. Moreover, linagliptin lowered hippocampal neurodegeneration as seen in histopathology. At the molecular level, linagliptin curtailed hippocampal DPP-4 and augmented GLP-1 levels, triggering dampening of the hippocampal neurotoxic signals Aβ42 and p-tau in rats. Meanwhile, it enhanced hippocampal acetylcholine and GABA and diminished the glutamate spike. The behavioral recovery was associated with dampening of the hippocampal pro-oxidant response alongside SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis stimulation. Meanwhile, linagliptin counteracted hippocampal apoptosis markers and inhibited the pro-apoptotic kinase GSK-3β. In tandem, linagliptin activated hippocampal autophagy by lowering SQSTM-1/p62 accumulation, upregulating Beclin 1, and stimulating AMPK/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, linagliptin's antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and pro-autophagic properties advocated its promising neuroprotective impact. Thus, linagliptin may serve as a management approach against cadmium-induced cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt; (A.H.E.); (G.S.G.)
| | - Shuruq E. Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed M. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Azza A. K. El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gehan S. Georgy
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt; (A.H.E.); (G.S.G.)
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Arab HH, Fikry EM, Alsufyani SE, Ashour AM, El-Sheikh AAK, Darwish HW, Al-Hossaini AM, Saad MA, Al-Shorbagy MY, Eid AH. Stimulation of Autophagy by Dapagliflozin Mitigates Cadmium-Induced Testicular Dysfunction in Rats: The Role of AMPK/mTOR and SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1006. [PMID: 37513918 PMCID: PMC10386496 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant that triggers testicular dysfunction. Dapagliflozin is a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor with notable antioxidant and anti-apoptotic features. It has shown marked cardio-, reno-, hepato-, and neuroprotective effects. Yet, its effect on Cd-evoked testicular impairment has not been examined. Hence, the goal of the current study was to investigate the potential positive effect of dapagliflozin against Cd-induced testicular dysfunction in rats, with an emphasis on autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative insult. Dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg/day) was given by oral gavage, and testicular dysfunction, impaired spermatogenesis, and biomolecular events were studied via immunohistochemistry, histopathology, and ELISA. The current findings demonstrated that dapagliflozin improved relative testicular weight, serum testosterone, and sperm count/motility and reduced sperm abnormalities, signifying mitigation of testicular impairment and spermatogenesis disruption. Moreover, dapagliflozin attenuated Cd-induced histological abnormalities and preserved testicular structure. The testicular function recovery was prompted by stimulating the cytoprotective SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis, lowering the testicular oxidative changes, and augmenting cellular antioxidants. As regards apoptosis, dapagliflozin counteracted the apoptotic machinery by downregulating the pro-apoptotic signals together with Bcl-2 upregulation. Meanwhile, dapagliflozin reactivated the impaired autophagy, as seen by a lowered accumulation of SQSTM-1/p62 and Beclin 1 upregulation. In the same context, the testicular AMPK/mTOR pathway was stimulated as evidenced by the increased p-AMPK (Ser487)/total AMPK ratio alongside the lowered p-mTOR (Ser2448)/total mTOR ratio. Together, the favorable mitigation of Cd-induced testicular impairment/disrupted spermatogenesis was driven by the antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and pro-autophagic actions of dapagliflozin. Thus, it could serve as a tool for the management of Cd-evoked testicular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal Mohammad Fikry
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)-Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Shuruq E Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A K El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Hossaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Y Al-Shorbagy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)-Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
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Arab HH, Khames A, Mohammad MK, Alsufyani SE, Ashour AM, El-Sheikh AAK, Darwish HW, Gad AM. Meloxicam Targets COX-2/NOX1/NOX4/Nrf2 Axis to Ameliorate the Depression-like Neuropathology Induced by Chronic Restraint Stress in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:848. [PMID: 37375795 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Meloxicam has shown significant neuroprotection in experimental models of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. However, the potential of meloxicam to treat depression-like neuropathology in a chronic restraint stress (CRS) model and the associated molecular changes has been insufficiently explored. The current work aimed to explore the potential neuroprotective actions of meloxicam against CRS-evoked depression in rats. In the current experiments, animals received meloxicam (10 mg/kg/day; i.p.) for 21 days, and CRS was instigated by restraining the animals for 6 h/day during the same period. The sucrose preference test and the forced swimming test were used to explore the depression-linked anhedonia/despair, whereas the open-field test examined the animals' locomotor activity. The current findings revealed that CRS elicited typical depression behavioral anomalies in the animals, including anhedonia, despair, and diminished locomotor activity; these findings were reinforced with Z-normalization scores. These observations were corroborated by brain histopathological changes and increased damage scores. In CRS-exposed animals, serum corticosterone spiked, and the hippocampi revealed decreased monoamine neurotransmitter levels (norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine). Mechanistically, neuroinflammation was evident in stressed animals, as shown by elevated hippocampal TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines. Moreover, the hippocampal COX-2/PGE2 axis was activated in the rats, confirming the escalation of neuroinflammatory events. In tandem, the pro-oxidant milieu was augmented, as seen by increased hippocampal 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine alongside increased protein expression of the pro-oxidants NOX1 and NOX4 in the hippocampi of stressed animals. In addition, the antioxidant/cytoprotective Nrf2/HO-1 cascade was dampened, as evidenced by the lowered hippocampal protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 signals. Interestingly, meloxicam administration mitigated depression manifestations and brain histopathological anomalies in the rats. These beneficial effects were elicited by meloxicam's ability to counteract the corticosterone spike and hippocampal neurotransmitter decrease while also inhibiting COX-2/NOX1/NOX4 axis and stimulating Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. Together, the present findings prove the neuroprotective/antidepressant actions of meloxicam in CRS-induced depression by ameliorating hippocampal neuroinflammation and pro-oxidant changes, likely by modulating COX-2/NOX1/NOX4/Nrf2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ali Khames
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82511, Egypt
| | - Mostafa K Mohammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut City 71515, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shuruq E Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A K El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany M Gad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)-Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
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Abdel-Fattah MM, Hassanein EHM, Sayed AM, Alsufyani SE, El-Sheikh AAK, Arab HH, Mohamed WR. Targeting SIRT1/FoxO3a/Nrf2 and PI3K/AKT Pathways with Rebamipide Attenuates Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040533. [PMID: 37111290 PMCID: PMC10142103 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rebamipide is a quinolone derivative that has been commonly used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. However, the molecular mechanisms of rebamipide against acetic acid-evoked colitis have not been adequately examined. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of rebamipide in a rat model of acetic acid-evoked ulcerative colitis and the linked mechanisms pertaining to SIRT1/FoxO3a/Nrf2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. Herein, colitis was induced by the intrarectal administration of 3% acetic acid solution in saline (v/v) while rebamipide was administered by oral gavage (100 mg/kg/day) for seven days before the colonic insult. The colonic injury was examined by macroscopical and microscopical examination. The current findings demonstrated that rebamipide significantly improved the colonic injury by lowering the colonic disease activity index and macroscopic mucosal injury score. Moreover, it mitigated the histopathological aberrations and microscopical damage score. The favorable outcomes of rebamipide were driven by combating inflammation evidenced by dampening the colonic expression of NF-κBp65 and the pro-inflammatory markers CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6. In the same context, rebamipide curtailed the colonic pro-inflammatory PI3K/AKT pathway as seen by downregulating the immunostaining of PI3K and p-AKT(Ser473) signals. In tandem, rebamipide combated the colonic pro-oxidant events and augmented the antioxidant milieu by significantly diminishing the colonic TBARS and replenishing GSH, SOD, GST, GPx, and CAT. In the same regard, rebamipide stimulated the colonic upstream SIRT1/FoxO3a/Nrf2 axis by upregulating the expression of SIRT1, FoxO3a, and Nrf2, alongside downregulating Keap-1 gene expression. These antioxidant actions were accompanied by upregulation of the protein expression of the cytoprotective signal PPAR-γ in the colons of rats. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that the promising ameliorative features of rebamipide against experimental colitis were driven by combating the colonic inflammatory and oxidative responses. In perspective, augmentation of colonic SIRT1/FoxO3a/Nrf2 and inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathways were engaged in the observed favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M. Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Emad H. M. Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Shuruq E. Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A. K. El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa R. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Arab HH, Khames A, Alsufyani SE, El-Sheikh AAK, Gad AM. Targeting the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Linked PERK/GRP78/CHOP Pathway with Magnesium Sulfate Attenuates Chronic-Restraint-Stress-Induced Depression-like Neuropathology in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:300. [PMID: 37259443 PMCID: PMC9961498 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium sulfate has demonstrated marked neuroprotection in eclampsia, hypoxia, stroke, and post-traumatic brain injury rodent models. However, its potential impact against chronic-restraint-stress (CRS)-induced depression-like neuropathology and associated alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have not been adequately examined. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of magnesium sulfate in a rat model of CRS-triggered depression-like behavioral disturbance and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Herein, CRS was induced by placing rats into restraining tubes for 6 h/day for 21 days and the animals were intraperitoneally injected with magnesium sulfate (100 mg/kg/day) during the study period. After stress cessation, the depression-like behavior was examined by the open-field test, sucrose preference test, and forced swimming test. The present data demonstrated that CRS triggered typical depression-like behavioral changes which were confirmed by the Z-normalization scores. Mechanistically, serum circulating corticosterone levels spiked, and the hippocampi of CRS-exposed animals demonstrated a significant decline in serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine neurotransmitters. At the molecular level, the hippocampal pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-1β cytokines and the oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-HG) increased in stressed animals. In tandem, enhancement of hippocampal ER stress was evidenced by the activation of iNOS/PERK/GRP78/CHOP axis seen by increased protein expression of iNOS, PERK, GRP78, and CHOP signal proteins in the hippocampi of stressed rats. Interestingly, magnesium sulfate administration attenuated the depression-like behavioral outcomes and the histopathological changes in the brain hippocampi. These favorable actions were driven by magnesium sulfate's counteraction of corticosterone spike, and hippocampal neurotransmitter decline, alongside the attenuation of neuroinflammation, pro-oxidation, and ER stress. In conclusion, the current results suggest the promising neuroprotective/antidepressant actions of magnesium sulfate in CRS by dampening inflammation, ER stress, and the associated PERK/GRP78/CHOP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Khames
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82511, Egypt
| | - Shuruq E. Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A. K. El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany M. Gad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
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Arab HH, Abd El Aal HA, Alsufyani SE, El-Sheikh AAK, Arafa ESA, Ashour AM, Kabel AM, Eid AH. Topiramate Reprofiling for the Attenuation of Cadmium-Induced Testicular Impairment in Rats: Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome and AMPK/mTOR-Linked Autophagy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1402. [PMID: 36422532 PMCID: PMC9697422 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Topiramate, a promising drug classically used for the management of neurological disorders including epilepsy and migraine, has demonstrated marked anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions in murine models of cardiac post-infarction inflammation, wound healing, and gastric/intestinal injury. However, its potential impact on cadmium-induced testicular injury remains to be elucidated. Herein, the present study aimed to explore the effect of topiramate against cadmium-invoked testicular impairment with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms linked to inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Herein, administration of topiramate (50 mg/kg/day, by gavage) continued for 60 days and the testes were examined by histology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical assays. The present data demonstrated that serum testosterone, sperm count/abnormalities, relative testicular weight, and histopathological aberrations were improved by topiramate administration to cadmium-intoxicated rats. The rescue of testicular dysfunction was driven by multi-pronged mechanisms including suppression of NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β cascade, which was evidenced by dampened caspase-1 activity, lowered IL-1β/IL-18 production, and decreased nuclear levels of activated NF-κBp65. Moreover, curbing testicular apoptosis was seen by lowered Bax expression, decreased caspase-3 activity, and upregulation of Bcl-2. In tandem, testicular autophagy was activated as seen by diminished p62 SQSTM1 accumulation alongside Beclin-1 upregulation. Autophagy activation was associated with AMPK/mTOR pathway stimulation demonstrated by decreased mTOR (Ser2448) phosphorylation and increased AMPK (Ser487) phosphorylation. In conclusion, combating inflammation/apoptosis and enhancing autophagic events by topiramate were engaged in ameliorating cadmium-induced testicular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayat A. Abd El Aal
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Shuruq E. Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A. K. El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Shaimaa A. Arafa
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed M. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
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Alqahtani AM, Abdelazeem AH, El-Din AGS, Abdou R, Amin AH, Arab HH. Novel S-Mercaptotriazolebenzothiazole-Based Derivatives as Antimicrobial
Agents: Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Evaluation. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220301154851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The search for novel antimicrobial agents effective against the emerging resistant
pathogenic microorganisms to the currently used drugs is a substantial need. Herein, a novel series of
compounds bearing a benzothiazolotriazole scaffold was synthesized and evaluated as potential antimicrobial
agents against a panel of gram +ve, gram -ve bacteria, and fungi species.
Methods:
The new compounds were synthesized via hybridization between the benzothiazolotriazole
scaffold and thiadiazole ring or various substituted aromatic moieties using the tethering technique in
drug discovery.
Results:
The in vitro results revealed that these compounds have significant antifungal activity rather than
antibacterial potential due to their high similarity with tricyclazole. Compound 7b bearing bromo-phenyl
moiety was the most potent derivative with an MIC value of 8 μg/mL against Candida albicans and Penicillium
chrysogenum.
Conclusion:
Collectively, benzothiazolotriazole-based derivatives are good antifungal leads and should
be further actively pursued to expand treatment options for systemic and topical fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Abdelazeem
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 11681, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa G. Safi El-Din
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Randa Abdou
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21514, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali H. Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Arab HH, Eid AH, El-Sheikh AAK, Arafa ESA, Ashour AM. Irbesartan reprofiling for the amelioration of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats: Role of inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Life Sci 2022; 308:120939. [PMID: 36115582 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pronounced anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic features have been characterized for the angiotensin receptor blocker irbesartan. Yet, its effect on ethanol-induced gastropathy has not been studied. The present work explored the potential modulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and autophagic events by irbesartan for the attenuation of ethanol-evoked gastric mucosal injury. METHODOLOGY Wistar rats were divided into control, control + irbesartan, ethanol, ethanol + irbesartan, and ethanol + omeprazole groups. Macroscopic examination, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical assays were applied to examine the gastric tissues. KEY FINDINGS Irbesartan administration (50 mg/kg; by gavage) in ethanol-evoked gastropathy improved the gastric pathological manifestations (area of gastric lesion and ulcer index scores), histopathological changes, and microscopic damage scores. These beneficial effects were interceded by suppression of the HMGB1-associated inflammatory events and the linked downregulation of the nuclear NF-κBp65 protein expression. In the meantime, curtailing of the NLRP3 inflammasome by irbesartan was observed with consequent decline of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. In tandem, upregulation of the antioxidant Nrf2 and the cytoprotective PPAR-γ were seen. Together, suppression of the pro-inflammatory cues and pro-oxidant signals attenuated the pro-apoptotic events as evidenced by Bcl-2 upregulation, Bax downregulation, and caspase 3 dampened activity. Regarding gastric autophagy signals, irbesartan diminished SQSTM-1/p62 accumulation and upregulated Beclin 1. This was associated with gastric AMPK/mTOR pathway activation evidenced by increased AMPK (Ser487) phosphorylation and lowered mTOR (Ser2448) phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Suppression of the inflammatory and apoptotic signals and upregulation of the pro-autophagy events may advocate the promising gastroprotective actions of irbesartan against ethanol-induced gastric injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza A K El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Shaimaa A Arafa
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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12
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ALRashdi BM, Elgebaly HA, Germoush MO, Qarmush MM, Azab MS, Alruhaimi RS, Ahmeda AF, Abukhalil MH, Kamel EM, Arab HH, Alzoghaibi MA, Alotaibi MF, Mahmoud AM. A flavonoid-rich fraction of Monolluma quadrangula inhibits xanthine oxidase and ameliorates potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:63520-63532. [PMID: 35461413 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia represents a risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease. Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the mechanisms underlying hyperuricemia-mediated kidney injury. Monolluma quadrangula possesses several beneficial effects; however, its effect on hyperuricemia has not been investigated. This study evaluated the renoprotective and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity of M. quadrangula in hyperuricemic rats. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of six known flavonoid isolated for the first time from this species. The rats received M. quadrangula extract (MQE) and potassium oxonate (PO) for 7 days. In vitro assays showed the radical scavenging and XO inhibitory activities of MQE, and in silico molecular docking revealed the inhibitory activity of the isolated flavonoids towards XO. Hyperuricemic rats showed elevated serum uric acid, creatinine, urea, and XO activity, and renal pro-inflammatory cytokines, MDA and NO, and decreased GSH, SOD, and catalase. MQE ameliorated serum uric acid, urea, creatinine, and XO activity, and renal pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, MQE attenuated renal oxidative stress, enhanced antioxidants, downregulated URAT-1, and GLUT-9 and upregulated OAT-1 in PO-induced rats. In conclusion, M. quadrangula attenuated hyperuricemia and kidney impairment by suppressing XO activity, oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulating urate transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barakat M ALRashdi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Elgebaly
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mona S Azab
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Reem S Alruhaimi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad F Ahmeda
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H Abukhalil
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alzoghaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Alotaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salim St, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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13
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Arab HH, Abd El-Aal SA, Ashour AM, El-Sheikh AAK, Al Khabbaz HJ, Arafa ESA, Mahmoud AM, Kabel AM. Targeting inflammation and redox perturbations by lisinopril mitigates Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats: role of JAK-2/STAT-3/RANKL axis, MMPs, and VEGF. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1909-1926. [PMID: 35764864 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disorders are major complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Hence, finding effective agents that can target RA progression and its cardiovascular consequences is demanding. The present work aimed to explore the potential of lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, to mitigate adjuvant's-induced arthritis with emphasis on the pro-inflammatory signals, articular degradation cues, and angiogenesis alongside JAK-2/STAT-3 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. METHODS Lisinopril (10 mg/kg/day) was administered by oral gavage for 3 weeks and the target signals were examined by biochemical assays, ELISA, histopathology, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Lisinopril attenuated the progression of arthritis as proven by lowering paw edema, arthritic index, and gait scores alongside diminishing the immune-cell infiltration/aberrant histopathology in the dorsal pouch lining. These favorable actions were associated with curtailing the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-17) and the pro-inflammatory angiotensin II alongside upregulating the anti-inflammatory angiotensin-(1-7) in the hind paw of arthritic rats. At the molecular level, lisinopril inhibited the upstream JAK-2/STAT-3 pathway by downregulating the protein expression of p-JAK-2/total JAK-2 and p-STAT-3/total STAT-3 ratio and the nuclear levels of NF-κBp65. Meanwhile, lisinopril curbed the downstream cartilage degradation signals matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3 and MMP-9) and the bone erosion cue RANKL. Equally important, the protein expression of the angiogenesis signal VEGF was downregulated in the hind paw/dorsal lining. With respect to oxidative stress, lisinopril suppressed the paw lipid peroxides and boosted GSH and Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. CONCLUSION Lisinopril attenuated adjuvant-induced arthritis via inhibition of inflammation, articular degradation cues, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sarah A Abd El-Aal
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Al Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A K El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana J Al Khabbaz
- Biochemistry Division, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, 11681, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Shaimaa A Arafa
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Sabry NM, Naguib TM, Kabel AM, Khafagy ES, Arab HH, Almorsy WA. Ameliorative Potential of L-Alanyl L-Glutamine Dipeptide in Colon Cancer Patients Receiving Modified FOLFOX-6 Regarding the Incidence of Diarrhea, the Treatment Response, and Patients’ Survival: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030394. [PMID: 35334570 PMCID: PMC8955640 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Diarrhea induced by chemotherapy may represent a life-threatening adverse effect in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. FOLFOX, an effective treatment for colon cancer, has been associated with diarrhea with high severity, particularly with higher doses. Management of diarrhea is crucial to increase the survival of cancer patients and to improve the quality of life. Glutamine is an abundant protein peptide found in blood and has a crucial role in boosting immunity, increasing protein anabolism, and decreasing the inflammatory effects of chemotherapy on the mucosal membranes, including diarrhea. This study aimed to provide evidence that parenteral L-alanyl L-glutamine dipeptide may have a positive influence on the incidence of diarrhea, treatment response, and the overall survival in colon cancer patients treated with modified FOLFOX-6 (mFOLFOX-6). Materials and Methods: Forty-four stage II and III colon cancer patients were included in this study where they were treated with the standard colon cancer chemotherapy mFOLFOX-6 and were randomly allocated into glutamine group and placebo group, each of 22 patients. Results: L-alanyl L-glutamine dipeptide was found to be significantly effective in decreasing the frequency and severity of diarrhea when compared to the placebo group, particularly after four and six cycles of mFOLFOX-6. There was no significant difference between the studied groups regarding to the overall survival. Conclusion: L-alanyl L-glutamine dipeptide can be considered as an add-on with chemotherapy to improve the quality of life and the overall survival of colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen M. Sabry
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (N.M.S.); (W.A.A.)
| | - Tamer M. Naguib
- Anesthesia and ICU Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-11-2349-7411
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Walid A. Almorsy
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (N.M.S.); (W.A.A.)
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Singh E, Osmani RAM, Banerjee R, Abu Lila AS, Moin A, Almansour K, Arab HH, Alotaibi HF, Khafagy ES. Poly ε-Caprolactone Nanoparticles for Sustained Intra-Articular Immune Modulation in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Rodent Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030519. [PMID: 35335895 PMCID: PMC8953799 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder with synovitis and articular pathology as its primary expositions. Leflunomide (Lfd) is an anti-rheumatic drug that is effective in the treatment of RA, but displays severe side effects upon prolonged systemic administration. Local therapy might represent a promising strategy to treat rheumatoid arthritis without eliciting systemic adverse effects. In this study, leflunomide-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles (Lfd-NPs) were prepared and assessed as a local drug delivery system capable of alleviating RA-associated inflammation. Lfd-NPs were optimized using the Quality by Design (QbD) approach, applying a 32 full factorial design. In vitro drug release from NPs was examined in simulated synovial fluid. In addition, the in vivo efficacy of Lfd-NPs was evaluated in the Adjuvant Induced Arthritis (AIA) rodent model. Sustained drug release in simulated synovial fluid was observed for up to 168 h. A gradual reduction in paw volume and knee diameter was observed over the course of treatment, indicating the regression of the disease. In addition, significant reductions in serum proinflammatory markers and cytokines, including the C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-6, were verified upon treatment with Lfd-NPs, suggesting the modulation of immune responses at the pathological site. Most importantly, no remarkable signs of toxicity were observed in Lfd-NP-treated animals. Collectively, intra-articularly administered Lfd-NPs might represent a potential therapeutic alternative to systemically administered drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, without eliciting systemic adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India;
- Correspondence:
| | - Riyaz Ali M. Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India;
| | - Rinti Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India;
| | - Amr Selim Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Khaled Almansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41552, Egypt
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16
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Arab HH, Ashour AM, Eid AH, Arafa ESA, Al Khabbaz HJ, Abd El-Aal SA. Targeting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy by galangin mitigates cadmium-induced renal damage: Role of SIRT1/Nrf2 and AMPK/mTOR pathways. Life Sci 2022; 291:120300. [PMID: 34999115 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galangin, a bioactive flavonoid with remarkable antioxidant and anti-apoptotic actions, has demonstrated promising amelioration of experimental hepatotoxicity, cardiomyopathy, and colitis. Yet, its impact on cadmium-induced renal injury has not been explored. Herein, we aimed at exploring the potential of galangin to attenuate cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, focusing on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. METHODOLOGY Cadmium chloride (5 mg/kg/day) and galangin (15 mg/kg/day) were received by oral gavage and the kidney tissues were inspected using ELISA, biochemical measurements, histology, and immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS Galangin attenuated cadmium-induced renal damage by diminishing the histopathological alterations alongside KIM-1, BUN, and creatinine. At the molecular level, galangin attenuated the oxidative insult by significantly lowering the lipid peroxides and NOX-1 and augmenting GSH and GPx antioxidants. It also activated the cytoprotective SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by significantly upregulating the protein expression of SIRT1, Nrf2, and HO-1. Consistently, galangin suppressed renal apoptotic cell death by significantly lowering the protein expression of Bax and cytochrome C and activity of caspase-3 alongside upregulating the protein expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Additionally, galangin activated the impaired autophagy flux as seen by diminishing the accumulation of SQSTM1/p62 and increasing the protein expression of Beclin 1. Meanwhile, galangin stimulated the autophagy-linked AMPK/mTOR pathway by significantly increasing the p-AMPK/total AMPK and lowering p-mTOR/total mTOR ratios. CONCLUSION Galangin mitigated cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity thanks to its promising antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and pro-autophagic effects. In perspective, galangin stimulated the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 and AMPK/mTOR pathways. Hence, it may act as a complementary tool for the management of cadmium-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - El-Shaimaa A Arafa
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Hana J Al Khabbaz
- Biochemistry Division, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 11681, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Abd El-Aal
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Al Kut, Wasit 52001, Iraq
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Abdel-Gawad SA, Arab HH, Hassan SA. Signal processing techniques for the spectrophotometric quantitation of binary mixture of dapagliflozin and saxagliptin: A comparative study. TROP J PHARM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v20i7.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the advantages and drawbacks of four signal processing methods for spectrophotometric quantitation of mixtures of dapagliflozin and saxagliptin.
Methods: The methods studied were numerical differentiation (ND), Savitzky-Golay filter (SG), discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The resolution powers of the methods were compared via quantitative determination of dapagliflozin (DAP) and saxagliptin (SAX) in laboratory prepared mixtures. Furthermore, a new approach for validating robustness in spectrophotometric methods was developed, and the methods were compared using their robustness.
Results: Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) produced the best results regarding the analysis of the two drugs in different ratios. It also showed a lower limit of quantification (LOQ), when compared to each of the other methods. When the four methods were used for quantitation of pharmaceutical drug formulations, and subjected to validation in line with ICH regulations, they were found to be satisfactorily specific, accurate, precise and robust.
Conclusion: These results show that CWT technique is superior to the other three methods for analysis of drug mixtures with regard to sensitivity and resolving power. Thus, CWT can be used in the routine spectrophotometric analysis of pharmaceuticals in quality control laboratories.
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Kabel AM, Arab HH, Atef A, Estfanous RS. Omarigliptin/galangin combination mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in rats: Involvement of glucagon-like peptide-1, toll-like receptor-4, apoptosis and Akt/GSK-3β signaling. Life Sci 2022; 295:120396. [PMID: 35157909 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objectives of this work were to assess the possibility of administration of omarigliptin and/or galangin to combat lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in rats and to explore the possible mechanisms that might contribute to their actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a rat model of LPS-induced neuroinflammation, the changes in the behavioral tests, biochemical parameters, and the histopathological picture were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Administration of either omarigliptin or galangin to LPS-injected rats was able to significantly improve the behavioral changes with restoration of the oxidant/antioxidant balance, decrement of toll-like receptor-4 levels, and amelioration of the neuroinflammation associated with inhibition of apoptosis and restoration of glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in the cerebral tissues. In addition, omarigliptin and/or galangin significantly reduced the levels of phospho-Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) and significantly increased the expression of beclin-1 in the cerebral tissues compared versus the group treated with LPS alone. As a result, these changes were positively reflected on the histopathological and the electron microscopic picture of the cerebral tissues. These beneficial effects were maximally evidenced in rats treated with omarigliptin/galangin combination relative to the use of either omarigliptin or galangin alone. SIGNIFICANCE Omarigliptin/galangin combination might be proposed as a promising therapeutic line for mitigation of the pathophysiologic events of LPS-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliaa Atef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Remon S Estfanous
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Sayed AM, Abdel-Fattah MM, Arab HH, Mohamed WR, Hassanein EHM. Targeting inflammation and redox aberrations by perindopril attenuates methotrexate-induced intestinal injury in rats: Role of TLR4/NF-κB and c-Fos/c-Jun pro-inflammatory pathways and PPAR-γ/SIRT1 cytoprotective signals. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109732. [PMID: 34737150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The use of methotrexate (MTX), a classical immunosuppressant and anti-cancer agent, is associated with multiple organ toxicities, including the intestinal injury. Components of the renin-angiotensin system are expressed in the intestinal epithelium and mucosal immune cells where they provoke pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant action. The present study was conducted to investigate the potential ability of perindopril (PER), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), to attenuate MTX-induced intestinal injury with emphasis on the role of the pro-inflammatory TLR4/NF-κB and c-Fos/c-Jun pathways alongside PPAR-γ and SIRT1 cytoprotective signals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The intestinal injury was induced by a single-dose injection of 20 mg/kg of MTX i.p at the end of the 5th day. PER was administrated once daily in a dose of 1 mg/kg, i.p, for five days before MTX and five days later. RESULTS Herein, perindopril attenuated the intestinal injury as seen by lowering the histopathological aberrations and preserving the goblet cells in villi/crypts. These beneficial actions were associated with downregulating the expression of the pro-inflammatory angiotensin II, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 cytokines, alongside upregulating the anti-inflammatory angiotensin (1-7) and IL-10. At the molecular level, perindopril downregulated the TLR4/NF-κB and c-Fos/c-Jun pathways in inflamed intestine of rats. Moreover, it attenuated the pro-oxidant events by lowering intestinal MDA and boosting GSH, SOD, and GST antioxidants together with PPAR-γ and SIRT1 cytoprotective signals. The aforementioned findings were also highlighted using molecular docking and network pharmacology analysis. CONCLUSIONS Perindopril demonstrated notable mitigation of MTX-induced intestinal injury through suppression of TLR4/NF-κB and c-Fos/c-Jun pathways alongside the augmentation of PPAR-γ/SIRT1 cytoprotective signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71515, Egypt
| | - Maha M Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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Arab HH, Abd El-Aal SA, Eid AH, Arafa ESA, Mahmoud AM, Ashour AM. Targeting inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis by troxerutin attenuates methotrexate-induced renal injury in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108284. [PMID: 34953450 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Troxerutin, a bioflavonoid with marked immune-modulatory and antioxidant features, has been proven to ameliorate experimental cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurodegeneration. However, its impact on methotrexate (MTX)-induced nephrotoxicity has not been investigated. In the current work, we aimed to investigate the potential of troxerutin to combat MTX-triggered renal injury, exploring immune cell infiltration, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis, with emphasis on the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB, AMPK/mTOR, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. METHODOLOGY Troxerutin (150 mg/kg/day) was administered by oral gavage and the renal tissues were examined with the aid of biochemical assays, ELISA, histology, and immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS Troxerutin mitigated MTX-induced renal dysfunction by significantly lowering creatinine, BUN, and KIM-1 alongside immune-cell infiltration and histopathologic aberrations. These favorable effects were mediated by inhibition of HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB cascade via downregulating the protein expression of HMGB1, RAGE, and nuclear NF-κBp65 alongside its downstream signals, including COX-2 and TNF-α. Moreover, troxerutin activated the autophagy flux as evidenced by upregulating renal Beclin 1, lowering p62 SQSTM1 accumulation, and activation of AMPK/mTOR pathway, seen by increasing p-AMPK/total AMPK and lowering p-mTOR/total mTOR signals. In tandem, troxerutin combated renal apoptotic changes as proven with lowering caspase-3 activity, Bax expression, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and upregulating the proliferation signal PCNA. Additionally, the oxidative insult was attenuated by troxerutin, as evidenced by lowering NOX-1 and lipid peroxides, replenishing GSH, GPx, and SOD antioxidants, and activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. CONCLUSION Troxerutin attenuated MTX-triggered renal injury via inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis alongside activation of autophagy. Thus, it may serve as an adjunct modality for the management of MTX-linked nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sarah A Abd El-Aal
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Al Kut, Wasit 52001, Iraq
| | - Ahmed H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - El-Shaimaa A Arafa
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Abdelazeem AH, El-Din AGS, Arab HH, El-Saadi MT, El-Moghazy SM, Amin NH. Design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory/analgesic evaluation of novel di-substituted urea derivatives bearing diaryl-1,2,4-triazole with dual COX-2/sEH inhibitory activities. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Arab HH, Ashour AM, Gad AM, Mahmoud AM, Kabel AM. Activation of AMPK/mTOR-driven autophagy and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by saxagliptin ameliorate ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Life Sci 2021; 280:119743. [PMID: 34166711 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Saxagliptin, a selective/potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, has revealed remarkable anti-inflammatory features in murine models of nephrotoxicity, hepatic injury, and neuroinflammation. However, its potential effect on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury has not been examined. Hence, the present work investigated the prospect of saxagliptin to attenuate ethanol-evoked gastric injury, with emphasis on the AMPK/mTOR-driven autophagy and NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In ethanol-induced gastropathy, the gastric tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, histopathology, and ELISA. KEY FINDINGS The results demonstrated that saxagliptin (10 mg/kg; by gavage) suppressed the gastric pathological signs (area of gastric ulcer and ulcer index scores), histopathologic aberrations/damage scores, without provoking hypoglycemia in rats. These protective features were attributed to the enhancement of gastric mucosal autophagy flux, as proven with increased expression of LC3-II and Beclin 1, decreased accumulation of p62 SQSTM1, and activation of the autophagy-linked AMPK/mTOR pathway by increasing the expression of p-AMPK/AMPK and decreasing the expression of the autophagy suppressor p-mTOR/mTOR signal. In tandem, saxagliptin counteracted the ethanol-induced pro-apoptotic events by downregulating Bax, upregulating Bcl2 protein, and lowering the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Equally important, saxagliptin suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome in the gastric tissue by lowering the expression of NLRP3, ASC, and nuclear NF-κBp65, decreasing the activity of caspase-1, and diminishing the IL-1β levels. In the same regard, saxagliptin suppressed the mucosal oxidative stress by lowering lipid peroxide levels, increasing GSH and GPx antioxidants, and activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Saxagliptin may be a promising intervention against ethanol-evoked gastropathy by activating AMPK/mTOR-driven autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany M Gad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Biotechnology Department, Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Abdel-Gawad SA, Afzal O, Arab HH, Alabbas AB, Alqarni AM. Fabrication of Membrane Sensitive Electrodes for the Validated Electrochemical Quantification of Anti-Osteoporotic Drug Residues in Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater. Molecules 2021; 26:5093. [PMID: 34443681 PMCID: PMC8401776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and precise application of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) in the quantification of environmental pollutants is a strenuous task. In this work, the electrochemical response of alendronate sodium trihydrate (ALN) was evaluated by the fabrication of two sensitive and delicate membrane electrodes, viz. polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and glassy carbon (GC) electrodes. A linear response was obtained at concentrations from 1 × 10-5 to 1 × 10-2 M for both electrodes. A Nernstian slope of 29 mV/decade over a pH range of 8-11 for the PVC and GC membrane electrodes was obtained. All assay settings were carefully adjusted to obtain the best electrochemical response. The proposed technique was effectively applied for the quantification of ALN in pure form and wastewater samples, acquired from manufacturing industries. The proposed electrodes were effectively used for the determination of ALN in real wastewater samples without any prior treatment. The current findings guarantee the applicability of the fabricated ISEs for the environmental monitoring of ALN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A. Abdel-Gawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.B.A.)
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo ET-11562, Egypt
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alhumaidi B. Alabbas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Abdulmalik M. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
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Moin A, Wani SUD, Osmani RA, Abu Lila AS, Khafagy ES, Arab HH, Gangadharappa HV, Allam AN. Formulation, characterization, and cellular toxicity assessment of tamoxifen-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles in breast cancer. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1626-1636. [PMID: 34328806 PMCID: PMC8330732 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1958106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymeric biomaterial that is widely adopted for the preparation of drug delivery systems. Herein, we aimed to fabricate and characterize SF nanoparticles loaded with the selective estrogen receptor modulator; tamoxifen citrate (TC-SF-NPs) and to assess their in vitro efficacy against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). TC-loaded SF-NPs were characterized for particle size, morphology, entrapment efficiency, and release profile. In addition, we examined the in vitro cytotoxicity of TC-SF-NPs against human breast cancer cell lines and evaluated the anticancer potential of TC-SF-NPs through apoptosis assay and cell cycle analysis. Drug-loaded SF-NPs showed an average particle size of 186.1 ± 5.9 nm and entrapment efficiency of 79.08%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the nanoparticles had a spherical morphology with smooth surface. Tamoxifen release from SF-NPs exhibited a biphasic release profile with an initial burst release within the first 6 h and sustained release for 48 h. TC-SF-NPs exerted a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against breast cancer cell lines. In addition, flow cytometry analysis revealed that cells accumulate in G0/G1 phase, with a concomitant reduction of S- and G2-M-phase cells upon treatment with TC-SF-NPs. Consequently, the potent anticancer activities of TC-SF-NPs against breast cancer cells were mainly attributed to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Our results indicate that SF nanoparticles may represent an attractive nontoxic nanocarrier for the delivery of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Shahid Ud Din Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jalandhar, India
| | - Riyaz Ali Osmani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Amr S Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hosahalli V Gangadharappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Ahmed N Allam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Kabel AM, Ashour AM, Ali DA, Arab HH. The immunomodulatory effects of topiramate on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats: The role of the inflammatory cascade, vascular endothelial growth factor, AKT/mTOR/MAP kinase signaling and the apoptotic markers. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107830. [PMID: 34118646 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is a malignant condition that affects the lower gastrointestinal tract and has unfavorable prognosis. Its mechanisms range from enhanced production of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory changes in the colon microenvironment and affection of the apoptotic pathways. Due to the high incidence of resistance of colon cancer to the traditional chemotherapeutic agents, a need for finding safe/effective agents that can attenuate the malignant changes had emerged. OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of topiramate on azoxymethane-induced colon cancer in rats. METHODOLOGY Fifty male Wistar rats were randomized into five equal groups as follows: Control; azoxymethane-induced colon cancer; azoxymethane + methyl cellulose; azoxymethane + topiramate small dose; and azoxymethane + topiramate large dose. The body weight gain, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue antioxidant status, proinflammatory cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Nrf2/HO-1 content, p-AKT, mTOR, p38 MAP kinase, caspase 9, nerve growth factor beta and beclin-1 were measured. Also, parts of the colon had undergone histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. KEY FINDINGS Topiramate improved the body weight gain, decreased serum CEA, augmented the antioxidant defenses in the colonic tissues with significant amelioration of the inflammatory changes, decline in tissue VEGF and p-AKT/mTOR/MAP kinase signaling and increased Nrf2/HO-1 content in a dose-dependent manner when compared to rats treated with azoxymethane alone. In addition, topiramate, in a dose-dependent manner, significantly enhanced apoptosis and improved the histopathological picture in comparison to animals treated with azoxymethane alone. CONCLUSION Taking these findings together, topiramate might serve as a new effective adjuvant line of treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kabel
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina A Ali
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Kamel EM, Ahmed NA, El-Bassuony AA, Hussein OE, Alrashdi B, Ahmed SA, Lamsabhi AM, Mahmoud AM, Arab HH. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Euphorbia peplus L. phenolics. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1336-1344. [PMID: 34151757 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210609104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various phenolics show inhibitory activity towards xanthine oxidase (XO), an enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species which cause oxidative damage. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the XO inhibitory activity of Euphorbia peplus phenolics. METHODS The dried powdered aerial parts of E. peplus were extracted, fractioned and phenolics were isolated and identified. The XO inhibitory activity of E. peplus extract (EPE) and the isolated phenolics was investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Three phenolics were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of E. peplus. All isolated compounds and the EPE showed inhibitory activity towards XO in vitro. In hyperuricemic rats, EPE and the isolated phenolics decreased uric acid and XO activity. Molecular docking showed the binding modes of isolated phenolics with XO, depicting significant interactions with the active site amino acid residues. Molecular dynamics simulation trajectories confirmed the interaction of isolated phenolics with XO by forming hydrogen bonds with the active site residues. Also, the root mean square (RMS) deviations of XO and phenolics-XO complexes achieved equilibrium and fluctuated during the 10 ns MD simulations. The radius of gyration and solvent accessible surface area investigations showed that different systems were stabilized at ≈ 2500 ps. The RMS fluctuations profile depicted that the drug binding site exhibited a rigidity behavior during the simulation. CONCLUSION In vitro, in vivo and computational investigations showed the XO inhibitory activity of E. peplus phenolics. These phenolics might represent promising candidates for the development of XO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Noha A Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A El-Bassuony
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Omnia E Hussein
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Barakat Alrashdi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed A Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Al Mokhtar Lamsabhi
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Arab HH, Eid AH, Gad AM, Yahia R, Mahmoud AM, Kabel AM. Inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis by camel milk mitigates cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity: Targeting Nrf2/HO-1 and AKT/eNOS/NO pathways. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3177-3190. [PMID: 34136182 PMCID: PMC8194908 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine (CsA) is a widely used immunosuppressive agent that incurs marked nephrotoxicity in the clinical setting. Thus, there is a need for finding safe/effective agents that can attenuate CsA-induced kidney injury. Meanwhile, the underlying mechanisms for CsA-associated nephrotoxicity are inadequately investigated, in particular, the AKT/eNOS/NO pathway. Here, the present work aimed to explore the potential of camel milk, a natural product with distinguished antioxidant/anti-inflammatory actions, to ameliorate CsA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The molecular mechanisms related to renal oxidative aberrations and apoptosis were studied, including Nrf2/HO-1 and AKT/eNOS/NO pathways. The kidney tissues were inspected using histopathology, ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The present findings demonstrated that camel milk (10 ml/kg) significantly lowered creatine, BUN, and NGAL nephrotoxicity markers and the aberrant histopathology, with similar efficacy to the reference quercetin. Moreover, camel milk suppressed the renal oxidative stress, as evidenced by significantly lowering NOX-1 and lipid peroxides and significantly augmenting the renal antioxidant moieties (GSH, GPx, and SOD), thereby, driving the restoration of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Meanwhile, camel milk counteracted the pro-apoptotic reactions by significantly lowering Bax protein expression, caspase-3 activity/cleavage, and PARP cleavage, alongside significantly increasing the expression of the proliferation signal PCNA. Regarding the anti-apoptotic AKT/eNOS/NO pathway, camel milk activated its signaling by significantly increasing the protein expression of PI3Kp110, p-AKT(Ser473)/total AKT, and p-eNOS (Ser1177)/total eNOS besides significantly boosting the renoprotective NO levels. In conclusion, these findings reveal that camel milk may be a promising candidate for the alleviation of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyTaif UniversityTaifSaudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Eid
- Department of PharmacologyEgyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCARGizaEgypt
| | - Amany M. Gad
- Department of PharmacologyEgyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCARGizaEgypt
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of PharmacySinai UniversityEl IsmailiaEgypt
| | - Rania Yahia
- Department of PharmacologyEgyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCARGizaEgypt
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of ScienceBeni‐Suef UniversityBeni‐SuefEgypt
- Biotechnology DepartmentResearch Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsBeni‐Suef UniversityBeni‐SuefEgypt
| | - Ahmed M. Kabel
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTantaEgypt
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Bhosale RR, Osmani RAM, Abu Lila AS, Khafagy ES, Arab HH, Gowda DV, Rahamathulla M, Hani U, Adnan M, Gangadharappa HV. Ghatti gum-base graft copolymer: a plausible platform for pH-controlled delivery of antidiabetic drugs. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14871-14882. [PMID: 35423983 PMCID: PMC8697774 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01536b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to develop a novel pH-sensitive polymeric delivery system (GG-g-PMMA) for antidiabetic therapy via grafting ghatti gum (GG) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) chains. The free radical polymerization technique was adopted to graft ghatti gum with methyl methacrylate, using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a redox initiator. The impact on grafting parameters such as grafting percentage (G%) and grafting efficiency (GE), of monomer and initiator concentrations was evaluated. The batch with higher grafting efficiency and percentage grafting was selected and characterized by elemental analysis (C, H and N), DSC, FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, 1H-NMR and SEM morphology study. In addition, the efficacy of GG-g-PMMA-based pellets loaded with the hypoglycemic agent, metformin hydrochloride, to sustain drug release was investigated. In vitro release studies demonstrated a pH-dependent sustained release of the drug from GG-g-PMMA pellets. In addition, acute oral toxicity studies and histopathological analysis suggested the safety and biocompatibility of the grafted gum. Most importantly, in vivo efficacy studies underscored the efficient hypoglycemic potential of the prepared formulation, which was comparable to that of a sustained release marketed formulation. These results suggest that the developed pH-sensitive polymeric delivery system (GG-g-PMMA) might represent a promising delivery vehicle for facilitated antidiabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit R Bhosale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Krishna Institute of Pharmacy, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University Karad-415539 Maharashtra India
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) Mumbai-400076 Maharashtra India
| | - Amr S Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University Zagazig-44519 Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail Hail-81442 Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj-11942 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University Ismailia-41552 Egypt
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University Taif-21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Devegowda V Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mysuru Karnataka 570015 India
| | - Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University Guraiger Abha 62529 Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University Guraiger Abha 62529 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail Hail-2440 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosahalli V Gangadharappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mysuru Karnataka 570015 India
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Kabel AM, Arab HH, Abd Elmaaboud MA. Attenuation of diethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma by taxifolin and/or alogliptin: The interplay between toll-like receptor 4, transforming growth factor beta-1, and apoptosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1710-1720. [PMID: 33840231 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211008496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver malignancies worldwide. Alogliptin is an anti-diabetic that may have effective anticancer properties against many types of malignancies. Taxifolin is a flavonoid that has potent antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of alogliptin and/or taxifolin on diethyl nitrosamine-induced HCC in rats. One hundred male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups as follows: Control; HCC; HCC + Alogliptin; HCC + Taxifolin; and HCC + Alogliptin + Taxifolin group. The survival rate, liver function tests, tissue antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were measured. Also, hepatic caspase 3, caspase 9, beclin-1, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in addition to serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and α-L-Fucosidase (AFU) were assessed. Specimens of the liver were subjected to histopathological examination. Alogliptin and/or taxifolin induced significant improvement of liver function tests with significant increase in the survival rate, tissue antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2, caspase 3, caspase 9, Beclin-1 and JNK activities associated with significant decrease in serum AFP and AFU, tissue MDA, TGF-β1, IL-1α and TLR4 expression compared to HCC group. These results were significant with taxifolin/alogliptin combination when compared to the use of each of these agents alone. In conclusion, taxifolin/alogliptin combination might be used as adjuvant therapy for attenuation of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Kabel
- Pharmacology Department, 68782Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - H H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 125895Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Abd Elmaaboud
- Pharmacology Department, 68782Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Al Saqr A, Khafagy ES, Alalaiwe A, Aldawsari MF, Alshahrani SM, Anwer MK, Khan S, Lila ASA, Arab HH, Hegazy WAH. Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Using Green Machinery: Characterization and In Vitro Toxicity. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11030808. [PMID: 33809859 PMCID: PMC8004202 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with plant extracts has gained considerable interest in the field of biomedicine. Recently, the bioreduction nature of herbal extracts has helped to synthesize spherical GNPs of different potential from gold salt. In this study, a fast ecofriendly method was adopted for the synthesis of GNPs using fresh peel (aqueous) extracts of Benincasa hispida, which acted as reducing and stabilizing agents. The biosynthesized GNPs were characterized by UV–VIS and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering. In addition, the in vitro antibacterial and anticancer activities of synthesized GNPs were investigated. The formation of gold nanoparticles was confirmed by the existence of a sharp absorption peak at 520 nm, corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of the GNPs. TEM analysis revealed that the prepared GNPs were spherical in shape and had an average particle size of 22.18 ± 2 nm. Most importantly, the synthesized GNPs exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, the biosynthesized GNPs exerted remarkable in vitro cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer cell line, while sparing normal human primary osteoblast cells. Such cytotoxic effect was attributed to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contributed to the damage of HeLa cells. Collectively, peel extracts of B. hispida can be efficiently used for the synthesis of GNPs, which can be adopted as a natural source of antimicrobial and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Saqr
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.K.A.)
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.K.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-533-564-286
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Saad M. Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India;
| | - Amr S. Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wael A. H. Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
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Abukhalil MH, Althunibat OY, Aladaileh SH, Al-Amarat W, Obeidat HM, Al-Khawalde AAMA, Hussein OE, Alfwuaires MA, Algefare AI, Alanazi KM, Al-Swailmi FK, Arab HH, Mahmoud AM. Galangin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy through modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111410. [PMID: 33752930 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity in diabetes. Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study explored the cardioprotective effect of galangin (Gal), a natural flavonoid with radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities, in diabetic rats. An experimental diabetic rat model was achieved by a single injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin. Gal (15 mg/kg) was administered daily for six weeks and the samples were then collected. Diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia, increased glycosylated hemoglobin, triglycerides and cholesterol levels and reduced serum insulin. Serum troponin I, CK-MB and LDH were increased in diabetic rats. Furthermore, hearts of diabetic rats were characterized by elevated malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, IL-6, Bax, caspase-3 and 8-Oxo-dG, and decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced GSH, and Bcl-2. Gal ameliorated hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and heart function markers, and prevented histopathological alterations in diabetic rats. In addition, Gal attenuated cardiac oxidative injury, inflammation and apoptosis, and boosted antioxidant defenses. In conclusion, Gal has a protective effect on cardiomyopathy by attenuating hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Abukhalil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan; Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan.
| | - Osama Y Althunibat
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan
| | - Saleem H Aladaileh
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan; Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam Al-Amarat
- Department of Medical Support, Al-karak University College, Al-Balqa' Applied University, As-Salt 206, Jordan
| | - Heba M Obeidat
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan
| | - Alayn' Al-Marddyah A Al-Khawalde
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan
| | - Omnia E Hussein
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Manal A Alfwuaires
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen I Algefare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alanazi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan K Al-Swailmi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; Biotechnology Department, Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
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Arab HH, Eid AH, Mahmoud AM, Senousy MA. Linagliptin mitigates experimental inflammatory bowel disease in rats by targeting inflammatory and redox signaling. Life Sci 2021; 273:119295. [PMID: 33667522 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has been involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of linagliptin, a potent/selective DPP-4 inhibitor with marked anti-inflammatory actions, to attenuate trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-evoked colitis in rats; an experimental model of IBD, and the implicated molecular mechanisms. This may add to the clinical utility of linagliptin for the management of patients with coexisting IBD and diabetes mellitus. Notably, no former studies have linked JAK2/STAT3, HMGB1/NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in TNBS-evoked colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blotting and ELISA were used to determine the levels of target signals. KEY FINDINGS Administration of linagliptin (1.5 mg/kg; p.o.) mitigated the colitis severity via diminishing the disease activity index, colon weight/length ratio, and macroscopic scores. Linagliptin also lowered the colonic histologic scores and leukocyte invasion. Notably, linagliptin inhibited the colonic DPP-4 activity and upregulated the expression of intestinotrophic GLP-2 without incurring hypoglycemia in animals. Linagliptin curbed inflammation through the suppression of colonic IL-6, TNF-α, and myeloperoxidase and upregulation of IL-10. It also inhibited the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway via downregulating p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 protein expression and HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB cascade through lowering HMGB1, RAGE, and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 protein expression. In the context of mucosal oxidative stress, linagliptin diminished lipid peroxides and augmented GSH, GPx, and total antioxidant capacity. It also activated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway via upregulating Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression. SIGNIFICANCE Linagliptin shows a promise for the management of IBD via targeting IL-6/JAK2/STAT3, HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Biotechnology Department, Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Senousy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Kabel AM, Arab HH, Abd Elmaaboud MA. Effect of dapagliflozin and/or L-arginine on solid tumor model in mice: The interaction between nitric oxide, transforming growth factor-beta 1, autophagy, and apoptosis. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:968-978. [PMID: 33609317 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide was reported to play an essential role in various physiological and pathological processes in the body. Recent reports suggested that nitric oxide may affect the pathogenesis of cancer. Dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor which is commonly used for type-2 diabetes mellitus management. PURPOSE The current work aimed to detect the potential impact of dapagliflozin and/or L-arginine on solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) in mice. METHODS Six equal groups of male BALB/c mice were divided as follows: Control; SEC; SEC + Dapagliflozin; SEC + L-arginine; SEC + carboxymethyl cellulose; and SEC + Dapagliflozin + L-arginine group. Tumor volume, survival rate, tissue total nitrate/nitrite, paraoxonase-1, interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) were determined. Also, caspase 3, beclin-1, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activities were estimated in the tumor tissues. Sections of the tumor tissues were examined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Dapagliflozin and/or L-arginine induced a significant increment of the survival rate, tissue total nitrate/nitrite, paraoxonase-1, caspase 3, beclin-1, and JNK activities, significant lowering of the tumor volume, tissue TGF-β1, and IL-1α expression alongside an improvement of the histopathologic findings, versus the SEC group. Notably, the combination of dapagliflozin/L-arginine exerted more pronounced effects versus each agent alone. CONCLUSION Dapagliflozin/L-arginine combination may confer a novel therapeutic line for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kabel
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Arab HH, Safar MM, Shahin NN. Targeting ROS-Dependent AKT/GSK-3β/NF-κB and DJ-1/Nrf2 Pathways by Dapagliflozin Attenuates Neuronal Injury and Motor Dysfunction in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease Rat Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:689-703. [PMID: 33543924 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dapagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has emerged as a promising neuroprotective agent in murine models of epilepsy and obesity-induced cognitive impairment through its marked antioxidant/antiapoptotic features. However, the impact of dapagliflozin on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is lacking. Hence, the present study aimed at exploring the potential neuroprotective effects of dapagliflozin against PD-associated neurodegenerative aberrations/motor dysfunction in rotenone-induced PD rat model. Rotenone (1.5 mg/kg) was subcutaneously administered every other day for 3 weeks. The expression of target signals was investigated using qPCR, Western blotting, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. Dapagliflozin (1 (mg/kg)/day, by gavage for 3 weeks) attenuated PD motor dysfunction and improved motor coordination in the open-field and rotarod tests without triggering hypoglycemia. It also diminished the histopathologic alterations and α-synuclein expression and augmented tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels. Dapagliflozin markedly alleviated neuronal oxidative stress via lowering lipid peroxides with consequent restoration of the disturbed DJ-1/Nrf2 pathway. Moreover, dapagliflozin counteracted ROS-dependent neuronal apoptosis and upregulated GDNF and its downstream PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β (Ser9) pathway. Meanwhile, it suppressed neuroinflammation via curbing the activation of NF-κB pathway and TNF-α levels. Together, these pleiotropic neuroprotective effects highlight the promising role of dapagliflozin in the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Safar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Nancy N. Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Arab HH, Al-Shorbagy MY, Saad MA. Activation of autophagy and suppression of apoptosis by dapagliflozin attenuates experimental inflammatory bowel disease in rats: Targeting AMPK/mTOR, HMGB1/RAGE and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 335:109368. [PMID: 33412153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dapagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has featured marked anti-inflammatory effects in murine models of myocardial infarction, renal injury, and neuroinflammation. Yet, its potential impact on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has not been previously investigated. The presented study aimed to explore the prospect of dapagliflozin to mitigate 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis model which recapitulates several features of the human IBD. The molecular mechanisms pertaining to the dynamic balance between autophagy/apoptosis and colon injury were delineated, particularly, AMPK/mTOR, HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. The colon tissues were examined using immunoblotting, ELISA, and histopathology. Dapagliflozin (0.1, 1 and 5 mg/kg; p.o.) dose-dependently mitigated colitis severity as manifested by suppression of the disease activity scores, macroscopic damage scores, colon weight/length ratio, histopathologic perturbations, and inflammatory markers. More important, dapagliflozin enhanced colonic autophagy via upregulating Beclin 1 and downregulating p62 SQSTM1 protein expression. In this context, dapagliflozin activated the AMPK/mTOR pathway by increasing the p-AMPK/AMPK and lowering the p-mTOR/mTOR ratios, thereby, favoring autophagy. Moreover, dapagliflozin dampened the colonic apoptosis via lowering the caspase-3 activity, cleaved caspase-3 expression, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Furthermore, dapagliflozin attenuated the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB pathway via lowering HMGB1, RAGE, and p-NF-κBp65 protein expression. Regarding oxidative stress, dapagliflozin lowered the oxidative stress markers and augmented the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Together, the present study reveals, for the first time, the ameliorative effect of dapagliflozin against experimental colitis via augmenting colonic autophagy and curbing apoptosis through activation of AMPK/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways and suppression of HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Muhammad Y Al-Shorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University, Giza, Egypt
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Arab HH, Gad AM, Reda E, Yahia R, Eid AH. Activation of autophagy by sitagliptin attenuates cadmium-induced testicular impairment in rats: Targeting AMPK/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Life Sci 2021; 269:119031. [PMID: 33453244 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cadmium (Cd) is a prevalent environmental contaminant that incurs deleterious health effects, including testicular impairment. Sitagliptin, a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has demonstrated marked cardio-, hepato-, and reno-protective actions, however, its impact on Cd-triggered testicular dysfunction has not been formerly investigated. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the probable beneficial impact of sitagliptin against Cd-evoked testicular impairment which may add to its potential clinical utility. The underlying mechanisms pertaining to the balance between testicular autophagy and apoptosis were explored, including the AMPK/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS The testicular tissues were examined using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA. Sitagliptin (10 mg/kg/day, by gavage) was administered for 4 consecutive weeks. KEY FINDINGS Sitagliptin attenuated the testicular impairment via improvement of the relative testicular weight, sperm count/motility, sperm abnormalities, and serum testosterone. Additionally, sitagliptin counteracted Cd-induced histologic aberrations/disrupted spermatogenesis. Interestingly, sitagliptin augmented the defective autophagy as demonstrated by upregulating Beclin 1 protein expression and lowering p62 SQSTM1 protein accumulation. These effects were mediated via the activation of testicular AMPK/mTOR pathway as proven by increasing p-AMPK (Ser485, Ser491)/total AMPK and diminishing p-mTOR (Ser2448)/total mTOR protein expression. Additionally, sitagliptin suppressed the testicular apoptotic events via downregulating Bax and upregulating Bcl-2 protein expression. In tandem, sitagliptin suppressed the oxidative stress through lowering lipid peroxides and activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway via upregulating the protein expression of Nrf2, and the downstream effectors HO-1 and GPx. SIGNIFICANCE Sitagliptin attenuated Cd-induced testicular injury via boosting the autophagy/apoptosis ratio through activation of AMPK/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Amany M Gad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Enji Reda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Rania Yahia
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
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Arab HH, Saad MA, El-Sahar AE, Al-Shorbagy MY. Mechanistic perspective of morin protection against ketoprofen-induced gastric mucosal injury: Targeting HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB, DJ-1/Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/mTOR pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 693:108552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Arab HH, Gad AM, Fikry EM, Eid AH. Ellagic acid attenuates testicular disruption in rheumatoid arthritis via targeting inflammatory signals, oxidative perturbations and apoptosis. Life Sci 2019. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Arab HH, Gad AM, Fikry EM, Eid AH. Ellagic acid attenuates testicular disruption in rheumatoid arthritis via targeting inflammatory signals, oxidative perturbations and apoptosis. Life Sci 2019; 239:117012. [PMID: 31678279 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reduced male fertility has been regarded as a serious complication of rheumatoid arthritis. Phytochemicals have been described as protective agents against rheumatoid arthritis-linked testicular impairment. The current study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of ellagic acid on rheumatoid arthritis-evoked testicular dysfunction vis-à-vis the reference anti-inflammatory celecoxib. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Ellagic acid (50 mg/kg/day) and celecoxib (5 mg/kg/day) were administered orally for 20 days in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. KEY FINDINGS Current data revealed that ellagic acid counteracted rheumatoid arthritis-evoked testicular histopathologic changes, disrupted sperm characteristics and low gonadosomatic index with comparable efficacy to celecoxib. Ellagic acid also enhanced the testicular steroidogenesis via upregulating the gene expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein with consequent boosting of serum testosterone. Notably, ellagic acid attenuated the testicular inflammatory responses through suppression of myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein expression together with enhancing the anti-inflammatory signal interleukin 10. Ellagic acid also curbed the redox alterations via lowering the production of lipid peroxides and nitric oxide and elevation of the anti-oxidant reduced glutathione. In support of cell survival, ellagic acid combated testicular apoptosis through downregulating caspase-3 protein expression. SIGNIFICANCE The present work accentuates the beneficial actions of ellagic acid in rheumatoid arthritis-incurred testicular impairment and disrupted spermatogenesis via combating the inflammatory, oxidative and apoptotic aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Biochemistry Division and GTMR Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amany M Gad
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal Mohammad Fikry
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
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Omar HA, El‐Serafi AT, Hersi F, Arafa EA, Zaher DM, Madkour M, Arab HH, Tolba MF. Immunomodulatory MicroRNAs in cancer: targeting immune checkpoints and the tumor microenvironment. FEBS J 2019; 286:3540-3557. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hany A. Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research University of Sharjah UAE
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy Beni‐Suef University Egypt
| | - Ahmed T. El‐Serafi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research University of Sharjah UAE
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt
| | - Fatema Hersi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research University of Sharjah UAE
| | - El‐Shaimaa A. Arafa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Ajman University UAE
| | - Dana M. Zaher
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research University of Sharjah UAE
| | - Mohamed Madkour
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research University of Sharjah UAE
| | - Hany H. Arab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Egypt
- Biochemistry Division and GTMR Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy Taif University Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai F. Tolba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
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Arab HH, Salama SA, Eid AH, Kabel AM, Shahin NN. Targeting MAPKs, NF‐κB, and PI3K/AKT pathways by methyl palmitate ameliorates ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22424-22438. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Biochemistry Division and GTMR unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Samir A. Salama
- Biochemistry Division and GTMR unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology National Organization for Drug Control and Research Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Kabel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Nancy N. Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo Egypt
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Salama SA, Arab HH, Hassan MH, Al Robaian MM, Maghrabi IA. Cadmium-induced hepatocellular injury: Modulatory effects of γ-glutamyl cysteine on the biomarkers of inflammation, DNA damage, and apoptotic cell death. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 52:74-82. [PMID: 30732903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is an extremely toxic pollutant that reaches human body through intake of the industrially polluted food and water as well as through cigarette smoking and exposure to polluted air. Cadmium accumulates in different body organs especially the liver. It induces tissue injury largely through inflammation and oxidative stress-based mechanisms. The aim of the current study was to investigate the ability of γ glutamyl cysteine (γGC) to protect against cadmium-induced hepatocellular injury employing Wistar rats as a mammalian model. The results of the current work indicated that γGC upregulated the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and downregulated the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in the cadmium-exposed rats. In addition, γGC reduced the liver tissues cadmium content in the cadmium-treated rats, suppressed the cadmium-induced hepatocellular apoptosis and oxidative modifications of cellular DNA, lipids, and proteins. Additionally, γGC enhanced the antioxidant potential of the liver tissues in the cadmium-treated rats as evidenced by a remarkable increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and significant increase in the levels of the total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione as well as a significant reduction in oxidized to reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio. Moreover, it effectively improved liver cell integrity in the cadmium-treated rats as demonstrated by a significant reduction in the serum activity of the liver enzymes (ALT and AST) and amelioration of the cadmium-evoked histopathological alterations. Together, these findings underscore, for the first time, the alleviating effects of γGC against cadmium-induced hepatocellular injury that is potentially mediated through reduction of liver tissue cadmium content along with modulation of both hepatocellular redox status and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A Salama
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology and GTMR Unit, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
| | - Hany H Arab
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology and GTMR Unit, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Memy H Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, El-Madinah El-Munaworah, 30001, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azahr University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Majed M Al Robaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Maghrabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
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Fikry EM, Gad AM, Eid AH, Arab HH. Caffeic acid and ellagic acid ameliorate adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats via targeting inflammatory signals, chitinase-3-like protein-1 and angiogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Eid AH, Gad AM, Fikry EM, Arab HH. Venlafaxine and carvedilol ameliorate testicular impairment and disrupted spermatogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting AMPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Eid AH, Gad AM, Fikry EM, Arab HH. Venlafaxine and carvedilol ameliorate testicular impairment and disrupted spermatogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting AMPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 364:83-96. [PMID: 30578887 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Saad MA, El-Sahhar AE, Arab HH, Al-Shorbagy MY. Nicorandil abates arthritic perturbations induced by complete Freund's adjuvant in rats via conquering TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6 signaling pathway. Life Sci 2019; 218:284-291. [PMID: 30611783 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease which poses a need to explore effective yet safe pharmacotherapeutic options. The current work aimed to study the therapeutic role of nicorandil in controlling RA. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis model was applied by injecting 400 μL of CFA in the right hind paw at day 0 and day 7. Four groups of rats were used as follows: normal-control (CTRL), CFA-induced arthritis (ART), CFA-induced arthritis treated with diclofenac (DIC) and CFA-induced arthritis treated with nicorandil (NIC). Both NIC and DIC were administered at day 14 for two weeks. Paw volume, knee joint diameter, pain behavior assessment as well as body weight were all periodically recorded throughout the experimental period. Following the sacrifice of animals at day 28, gene expressions of TLR-4, MyD88 and TRAF6 as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) were quantified in hind paws tissue. Finally, the serum levels of the inflammatory biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) together with the histopathological examination of sections in the rat hind paw were recorded. RESULTS Both NIC and DIC proved promising anti-arthritic potential mediated, at least in part through switching off TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6 axis as well as downstream TRAF6 dependent activated MAP kinases and NF-κB. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Nicorandil, via interfering with TLR4 signaling, sheds light on a potential clinical role of the drug in pursuit for safe and effective regimens for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayman E El-Sahhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Division and GTMR Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Y Al-Shorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Arab HH, Salama SA, Maghrabi IA. Camel milk attenuates methotrexate-induced kidney injury via activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling and intervention with oxidative aberrations. Food Funct 2018; 9:2661-2672. [PMID: 29667662 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a classical chemotherapeutic agent with nephrotoxicity as the most disturbing adverse effect. So far, its underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly PI3K/Akt/eNOS transduction, are inadequately explored. Several antioxidant modalities have been characterized to ameliorate MTX-induced renal injury. In this regard, Camel milk (CM) is a natural product with recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the potential ameliorating effects of CM in MTX-induced kidney injury in rats. Renal tissues were studied in terms of renal injury markers, histopathology, oxidative stress, apoptosis and PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling. CM was orally administered (10 ml kg-1) and the renal injury was induced by a single i.p. injection of MTX (20 mg kg-1). Interestingly, CM dose-dependently attenuated MTX-triggered increase of BUN and serum creatinine and renal Kim-1 expression and mitigated the renal histopathological changes. CM counteracted renal oxidative stress as manifested by lowering of lipid peroxides, restoration of NOX-1 levels and augmentation of the antioxidant defenses e.g., GSH, SOD, GPx and total antioxidant capacity. With respect to apoptosis, CM curbed the cleavage of PARP and caspase-3, downregulated p53, Bax and Cyt C proapoptotic signals and enhanced Bcl-2 and PCNA levels. In the same context, CM activated the prosurvival PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway via enhancing PI3K p110, phospho-Akt and phospho-eNOS levels. Equally important, CM preconditioning did not interfere with MTX cytotoxicity in TK-10 or PC-3 cancer cells. Together, the current findings demonstrate, for the first time, the renoprotective effects of CM in MTX-induced kidney injury via activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling and combating oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Biochemistry Division and GTMR Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
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Kabel AM, Alzahrani AA, Bawazir NM, Khawtani RO, Arab HH. Targeting the proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, apoptosis and TGF-β1/STAT-3 signaling by irbesartan to ameliorate doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity. J Infect Chemother 2018; 24:623-631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Salama SA, Arab HH, Omar HA, Gad HS, Abd-Allah GM, Maghrabi IA, Al robaian MM. L-carnitine mitigates UVA-induced skin tissue injury in rats through downregulation of oxidative stress, p38/c-Fos signaling, and the proinflammatory cytokines. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 285:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Salama SA, Arab HH, Maghrabi IA. Troxerutin down-regulates KIM-1, modulates p38 MAPK signaling, and enhances renal regenerative capacity in a rat model of gentamycin-induced acute kidney injury. Food Funct 2018; 9:6632-6642. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01086b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Troxerutin enhances renal tissue regeneration, improves renal function, and decreases renal tissue injury in gentamycin-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A. Salama
- Division of Biochemistry
- Department of Pharmacology and GTMR Unit
- College of Clinical Pharmacy
- Taif University
- Taif 21974
| | - Hany H. Arab
- Division of Biochemistry
- Department of Pharmacology and GTMR Unit
- College of Clinical Pharmacy
- Taif University
- Taif 21974
| | - Ibrahim A. Maghrabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy
- College of Clinical Pharmacy
- Taif University
- Taif 21974
- Saudi Arabia
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