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Chen R, Yang RW, Shi HN, Zhang Y, Ma LJ. A highly selective and recyclable fluorescent sensor based on a Salamo-Salen-Salamo type ligand for continuous detection of Al 3+ and phosphates in drug. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2025; 326:125256. [PMID: 39388935 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a fluorescence chemical sensor continuous detection Al3+ and phosphates by a Salamo-Salen-Salamo type compound (SL) was employed. The sensor continuously recognized Al3+ and phosphates with good selectivity and fast response time, and a low limit of detection of 0.25 μΜ and 0.96 μM, at the same time accompanied by a naked-eye identification specificity. The detection mechanism of SL towards Al3+ is due to the chelating fluorescence enhancement effect and ICT effect, and continuously towards phosphates is due to the collapse of the SL-Al3+ and coordination interaction between Al3+ and phosphates, by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, other spectral characterization and DFT calculation as evidence. In addition, the sensor had good recyclability and reusability. The distribution of Al3+ and phosphates in zebrafish cells was effectively monitored by confocal microscopy based on the good biocompatibility and tissue permeability of SL. Furthermore, the feasibility of using sensor SL to detect the content of Al3+ and phosphate ions in certain drugs was quantitatively analyzed through experiments. It was found SL had a good result in practical application.
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Li HZ, Xie FM, Bai JY, Zhang K, Shi HN, Liu JY, Li X, Tang JX, Li YQ. Spiral-Locking Strategy for Efficient Narrowband Multiple Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2407220. [PMID: 39410732 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202407220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials are applied in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their high efficiency and color purity. However, the inherent planar structure of MR emitters presents significant challenges, including concentration-induced emission quenching, spectral redshift and broadening. To address these issues, two orthorhombic asymmetric conformational materials, SBNO and SBNOS, have been developed. Both MR-TADF emitters incorporate a sterically hindered spiro-carbon bridge to minimize intermolecular chromophore interactions. Consequently, the spectra of the SBNOS-based devices exhibit only a 4 nm redshift and a 7 nm broadening of the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) across a doping ratio range of 1-100 wt%. The steric effect produces pure green OLEDs with a CIE y of 0.69 and enhances performance, achieving a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of up to 32.7%. The referent BNO without spiro skeleton suffers from serious spectral redshift and broadening as well as a lower device efficiency. This research demonstrates a promising approach to developing MR-TADF devices that resist redshift and broadening while maintaining high color purity and efficiency.
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Zhu YY, Xie FM, Li HZ, Zhang K, Wang HY, Shi HN, Zou J, Li YQ, Tang JX. Twisted Structure and Multiple Charge-Transfer Channels Endow Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Devices with Small Efficiency Roll-Off and Low Concentration Dependence. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400679. [PMID: 39073242 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials, developing organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with small efficiency roll-off remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we have designed a TADF molecule (mClSFO) based on the spiro fluorene skeleton. The highly twisted structure and multiple charge-transfer channels effectively suppress aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and endow mClSFO with excellent exciton dynamic properties to reduce efficiency roll-off. Fast radiative rate (kr) and rapid reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate (kRISC) of 1.6×107 s-1 and 1.07×106 s-1, respectively, are obtained in mClSFO. As a result, OLEDs based on mClSFO obtain impressive maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) exceeding 20 % across a wide doping concentration range of 10-60 wt %. 30 wt % doped OLED exhibits an EQEmax of 23.1 % with a small efficiency roll-off, maintaining an EQE of 18.6 % at 1000 cd m-2. The small efficiency roll-off and low concentration dependence observed in the TADF emitter underscore its significant potential.
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Ji WZ, Shi HN, Hao WJ, Wei P, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Generation of stereodefined (Z)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ones via copper-catalyzed annulation-cyanotrifluoromethylation of 1,7-enynes. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Yang D, He XY, Wu XT, Shi HN, Miao JY, Zhao BX, Lin ZM. A novel mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescent probe for endogenous sulfur dioxide derivatives as a cancer-detecting tool. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5722-5728. [PMID: 32514507 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe RBC, constructed using a coumarin moiety which was selected as the donor and a benzothiazole derivative as the acceptor, for SO2 derivatives (HSO3-/SO32-) was presented. The probe designed on a new FRET platform showed high selectivity and a low detection limit. Importantly, the probe could respond to HSO3-/SO32- within 35 s. Furthermore, the probe could target mitochondria and was successfully used for fluorescence imaging of endogenous bisulfite in HepG2 with low cytotoxicity, which significantly assisted in cancer diagnosis.
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Zhao Q, Hao WJ, Shi HN, Xu T, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Photocatalytic Annulation–Alkynyl Migration Strategy for Multiple Functionalization of Dual Unactivated Alkenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:9784-9789. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shi HN, Huang MH, Hao WJ, Tu XC, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Synthesis of Diastereoenriched 1-Indanones via Double-Base Cooperatively Promoted 1,4-Oxo-Migration/Cyclization of β-Alkynyl Ketones. J Org Chem 2019; 84:16027-16035. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Shi HN, Huang MH, He CL, Lu HP, Hao WJ, Tu XC, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Completely Stereoselective Synthesis of Sulfonated 1,3-Dihydroisobenzofurans via Radical Multicomponent Reactions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13686-13695. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Shen ZJ, Shi HN, Hao WJ, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Visible-light photocatalytic bicyclization of β-alkynyl propenones for accessing diastereoenriched syn-fluoren-9-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11542-11545. [PMID: 30175828 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel visible-light photocatalytic bicyclization of β-alkynyl propenones with α-bromocarbonyls for highly diastereoselective synthesis of richly decorated syn-fluoren-9-ones is described. The reaction proceeds via a radical-triggered 5-exo-dig cyclization/1,6-H-abstraction/6-endo-trig cyclization cascade and offers a new and practical method for the assembly of 6/5/6 carbocyclic skeletons via C(sp3)-H alkenylation.
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Xu J, Bai X, Wang LB, Shi HN, van der Giessen JWB, Boireau P, Liu MY, Liu XL. Influence of adjuvant formulation on inducing immune response in mice immunized with a recombinant serpin from Trichinella spiralis. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 28445612 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nematodes of the genus Trichinella are one of the most widespread zoonotic pathogens on the world, and they can still cause major public health problems in many parts of the world. Vaccination against the helminth nematode Trichinella could be a good strategy to reduce the risk of human and animal infection. It was our aim to evaluate three adjuvants, which could be used as an efficient vaccine for animals in combination with rTs-Serpin antigen. In this study, BALB/c mice were vaccinated by an intramuscular route with rTs-Serpin antigen from the parasite Trichinella spiralis in combination with three different adjuvant formulations: Montanide ISA201, Montanide IMS 1313 N PR VG and Freund's complete adjuvant/Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FCA/FIA). The dynamics of IgG, IgM, IgE and cytokine production from spleen cells and worm reduction rate of the vaccinated mice were analysed. The results showed that rTs-serpin can induce partial protection against Trichinella larvae challenge in mice, when compared to the FCA-/FIA-formulated vaccination, the IMS1313 plus rTs-serpin mixture showed higher humoral immunity and similar levels of cellular immunity and worm reduction rate. The study suggested that Montanide IMS nanoparticles 1313 are as effective as FCA but less toxic; thus, Montanide IMS nanoparticles 1313 can be used as a good candidate of adjuvant for developing vaccine against Trichinella spiralis.
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Bai X, Wang XL, Tang B, Shi HN, Boireau P, Rosenthal B, Wu XP, Liu MY, Liu XL. The roles of supernatant of macrophage treated by excretory-secretory products from muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis on the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Vet Parasitol 2016; 231:83-91. [PMID: 27501988 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The excretory-secretory products (ESPs) released by the muscle-larvae (ML) stage of Trichinella spiralis have been suggested to be involved in nurse cell formation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ML-ESPs modulate nurse cell formation remain unclear. Macrophages exert either beneficial or deleterious effects on tissue repair, depending on their activation/polarization state. They are crucial for skeletal muscle repair, notably, via their actions on myogenic precursor cells. However, these interactions during T. spiralis infection have not been characterized. In the present study, the ability of conditioned medium (CM) from J774A.1 macrophages treated with ML-ESPs to influence the differentiation of murine myoblasts, and the mechanisms of this influence, were investigated in vitro. The results showed that the expression of Myogenic Regulatory Factors (MRFs) MyoD and myogenin, myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and the p21 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor were reduced in CM treated cells compared to their expression in the control group. These findings indicated that CM inhibited myoblast differentiation. Conversely, CM promoted myoblast proliferation and increased cyclin D1 levels. Taken together, results of our study suggested that CM can indirectly influence myoblast differentiation and proliferation, which provides a new method for the elucidation of the complex mechanisms involved in cell-parasite and cell-cell interactions during T. spiralis infection.
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Zhang JP, Liu Z, Zhang B, Yin XY, Wang L, Shi HN, Kang YJ. Genetic diversity and taxonomic status of Gymnocypris chilianensis based on the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2015; 14:9253-60. [PMID: 26345858 DOI: 10.4238/2015.august.10.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the genetic diversity and taxonomic status of Gymnocypris chilianensis on a molecular level, the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene was sequenced for 74 individuals of G. chilianensis from two locations (Heihe River and Shule River) and 42 individuals of its affinis species Gymnocypris przewalskii. Analyses of genetic diversity and sequence differences were conducted for these samples, combined with the analysis of 30 homologous sequences of another affinis species Gymnocypris eckloni, which were downloaded from GenBank. The results showed that both the haplotype diversity (h = 0.9820) and nucleotide diversity (π= 0.0039) of the Shule River G. chilianensis were lower than the other populations, thus, the Shule River G. chilianensis should be prioritized for protection because of its lower genetic diversity level. The results of sequence analysis showed that the genetic distance between the Heihe River G. chilianensis population and the Shule River G. chilianensis population was 0.0064, and the genetic distance between these two populations and the G. przewalskii population was 0.0838 and 0.0810, respectively. The genetic distance between the two G. chilianensis populations and the G. eckloni population was 0.0805 and 0.0778, respectively. Analysis of sequence differences indicates that G. chilianensis is sufficiently diverged from G. przewalskii and G. eckloni to the extent that it has reached species level, thus, G. chilianensis can be considered an independent species of Gymnocypris.
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Wang XL, Liu MY, Sun SM, Liu XL, Yu L, Wang XR, Chu LX, Rosenthal B, Shi HN, Boireau P, Wang F, Zhao Y, Wu XP. An anti-tumor protein produced by Trichinella spiralis induces apoptosis in human hepatoma H7402 cells. Vet Parasitol 2013; 194:186-8. [PMID: 23433602 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis infection confers effective resistance to tumor cell expansion. In this study, a T7 phage cDNA display library was constructed to express genes encoded by T. spiralis. Organic phase multi-cell screening was used to sort through candidate proteins in a transfected human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line (K562) and a human hepatoma cell line (H7402) using the display library. The protein encoded by the A200711 gene was identified and analyzed using protein analysis software. To test the antitumor effects of A200711, variations in cell proliferation and apoptosis were monitored after recombinant pEGFP-N1-A200711 was transfected into H7402 cells. The results show that the expressed target gene successfully induced apoptosis in H7402 cells as measured by Hoechst-PI staining, MTT assay (p<0.05). This study warrants further investigation into the therapeutic use of A200711 for anti-hepatocellular carcinomas.
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Nagler-Anderson C, Shi HN. Peripheral nonresponsiveness to orally administered soluble protein antigens. Crit Rev Immunol 2002; 21:121-31. [PMID: 11642599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The presentation of soluble model food antigens to the intestinal immune system typically induces antigen-specific systemic nonresponsiveness. Yet, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) must launch an effective attack against potentially invasive pathogens even as it avoids mounting a response to innocuous food antigens. Although the mechanism by which the GALT is able to recognize and respond to these different forms of antigen is not clear, recent studies have shown that, initially, both tolerogenic and immunogenic forms of orally administered antigen elicit transient T-cell activation and proliferation. The unique microenvironment of the GALT plays a central role in determining whether functional T-cell anergy or adaptive immunity is the ultimate response. Administration of model food proteins with adjuvants (microbial products that activate the innate immune system) induces a productive immune response to this normally tolerogenic form of antigen. Recent work from our laboratory has shown that an ongoing enteric infection can itself act as an adjuvant and prime for a response to an orally administered soluble protein antigen.
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Shi HN, Liu HY, Nagler-Anderson C. Enteric infection acts as an adjuvant for the response to a model food antigen. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:6174-82. [PMID: 11086051 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of soluble protein Ags typically induces Ag-specific systemic nonresponsiveness. However, we have found that feeding a model food protein, OVA, to helminth-infected mice primes for a systemic OVA-specific Th2 response. In this report we show that, in addition to creating a Th2-priming cytokine environment, helminth infection up-regulates costimulatory molecule expression on mucosal, but not peripheral, APCs. To examine the consequences of mucosal infection for the T cell response to orally administered Ag, we adoptively transferred transgenic, OVA-specific, T cells into normal mice. We found that helminth infection enhances the expansion and survival of transgenic T cells induced by Ag feeding. Transfer of 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled donor cells showed that T cell proliferation in response to Ag feeding takes place primarily in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Upon subsequent peripheral exposure to Ag in adjuvant, the proliferative capacity of the transferred transgenic T cells was reduced in noninfected mice that had been fed OVA. Helminth infection abrogated this reduction in proliferative capacity. Our data suggests that enteric infection can act as an adjuvant for the response to dietary Ags and has implications for allergic responses to food and the efficacy of oral vaccination.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigens/administration & dosage
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-2 Antigen
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Chickens
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Eating/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Freund's Adjuvant/pharmacology
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/immunology
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Lipids
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/transplantation
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoid Tissue/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Mesentery
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Immunological
- Nematospiroides dubius/immunology
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Strongylida Infections/immunology
- Strongylida Infections/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Fox JG, Beck P, Dangler CA, Whary MT, Wang TC, Shi HN, Nagler-Anderson C. Concurrent enteric helminth infection modulates inflammation and gastric immune responses and reduces helicobacter-induced gastric atrophy. Nat Med 2000; 6:536-42. [PMID: 10802709 DOI: 10.1038/75015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is causally associated with gastritis and gastric cancer. Some developing countries with a high prevalence of infection have high gastric cancer rates, whereas in others, these rates are low. The progression of helicobacter-induced gastritis and gastric atrophy mediated by type 1 T-helper cells may be modulated by concurrent parasitic infection. Here, in mice with concurrent helminth infection, helicobacter-associated gastric atrophy was reduced considerably despite chronic inflammation and high helicobacter colonization. This correlated with a substantial reduction in mRNA for cytokines and chemokines associated with a gastric inflammatory response of type 1 T-helper cells. Thus, concurrent enteric helminth infection can attenuate gastric atrophy, a premalignant lesion.
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Abstract
Although immunologists typically examine immune responses in peripheral lymphoid tissues, mucosal surfaces are the first sites at which most antigens are encountered. The role of lymphocytes in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the production of secretory IgA has been well characterized. Although T cells of the GALT are located in areas likely to have a key role in cell-mediated immunity at mucosal surfaces, the ways in which these cells help defend against mucosal infection are only beginning to be understood. This review examines mucosal T-cell responses to enteric infection with bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
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Shi HN, Grusby MJ, Nagler-Anderson C. Orally induced peripheral nonresponsiveness is maintained in the absence of functional Th1 or Th2 cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 162:5143-8. [PMID: 10227985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Intragastric administration of soluble protein Ags results in peripheral tolerance to the fed Ag. To examine the role of cytokine regulation in the induction of oral tolerance, we fed OVA to mice deficient in Th1 (Stat 4-/-) and Th2 (Stat 6-/-) cells and compared their response to that of normal BALB/c controls. We found that, in spite of these deficiencies, OVA-specific peripheral cell-mediated and humoral nonresponsiveness was maintained in both Stat 4-/- and Stat 6-/- mice. In the mucosa, both Peyer's patch T cell proliferative responses and OVA-specific fecal IgA were reduced in Stat 4-/- and Stat 6-/- mice fed OVA but not in normal BALB/c controls. Mucosal, but not peripheral, nonresponsiveness was abrogated by the inclusion of a neutralizing Ab to TGF-beta in the culture medium. Our results show that, in the periphery, tolerance to oral Ag can be induced in both a Th1- or Th2-deficient environment. In the mucosa, however, the absence of Th1 and Th2 cytokines can markedly affect this response, perhaps by regulation of TGF-beta-secreting cells.
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Shi HN, He RG. [Expression of c-erb B-2 concoprotein in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma]. SHANGHAI KOU QIANG YI XUE = SHANGHAI JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1998; 7:187-9. [PMID: 15071620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:In order to analyze the correlation between immunohistochemical expressin for c-erb B-2 oncoprotein and salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). METHODS: 25 cases of ACC and two ACC cell strain was studied immunohistochemically using a monoclone antibody against c-erb B-2 oncoprotein. RESULTS: No positive results were obtained in any cell strain,but the invasive breast cancer expressed strong positive. CONCLUSION: It demonstrated that c-erb B-2 expression can not be used as a predictive marker for prognosis of ACC.
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Shi HN, Ingui CJ, Dodge I, Nagler-Anderson C. A helminth-induced mucosal Th2 response alters nonresponsiveness to oral administration of a soluble antigen. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1998; 160:2449-55. [PMID: 9498789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A fascinating feature of the intestinal mucosal immune system is its ability to guard against invasion by pathogens while avoiding a response to the many potential Ags present in food. The phenomenon of systemic tolerance after oral administration of protein Ags is well documented, but the cellular and molecular basis for the observed nonresponsiveness is not fully understood. To gain insight into the role of the mucosal microenvironment in the induction of orally induced nonresponsiveness, we attempted to induce tolerance to OVA in mice primed for a Th2-biased mucosal immune response by infection with the nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus. We found that oral tolerance for Th1-type responses to OVA is maintained when OVA is fed during the peak of the mucosal immune response to H. polygyrus. Tolerance for Th2 cytokine responses or a Th2-dependent isotype of IgG is not induced in this Th2-biased mucosal environment. Treatment of infected mice with rIL-12 to reverse the Th2 polarity of the parasite-specific immune response restores tolerance of both Th1 and Th2 responses to OVA. We conclude that the polarized Th2 response induced by this enteric infection plays a central role in determining whether or not systemic tolerance is induced. Our results imply that attempts to use oral administration of Ag to suppress systemic immune responses will be influenced strongly by the presence of mucosal infection.
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Shi HN, Scott ME, Stevenson MM, Koski KG. Energy restriction and zinc deficiency impair the functions of murine T cells and antigen-presenting cells during gastrointestinal nematode infection. J Nutr 1998; 128:20-7. [PMID: 9430597 DOI: 10.1093/jn/128.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether the impaired immune responses in zinc deficient- and/or energy-restricted mice exposed to a challenge infection of Heligmosomoides polygyrus might be associated with reduced numbers of spleen cells, altered proportions of spleen cell subpopulations and/or altered function of the T cells or antigen-presenting cells (APC). Female BALB/c mice were given free access to either a zinc-sufficient (60 mg zinc/kg diet, Zn+) or a zinc-deficient diet (0.75 mg zinc/kg diet, Zn-) or were pair-fed (PF) the zinc-sufficient diet. Significant differences in parasite burdens were observed. Worm numbers were lowest in Zn+ mice, intermediate in the PF mice and highest in the Zn- mice, showing that both zinc deficiency and energy restriction reduced protective immunity against the gastrointestinal nematode H. polygyrus. Although the absolute numbers of spleen cells were reduced in both Zn- and energy-restricted (PF) mice, neither deficiency altered the phenotypic distribution of the subpopulations of positive marker cells in the spleen. In vitro functional assays using a 1:1 ratio of APC:T cells showed that T-cell proliferation in response to parasite antigen (Ag) was impaired by a dietary effect of zinc deficiency on T cells and of energy restriction and zinc deficiency on APC function. Consequences of the nutritional deficiencies on cytokine production in response to parasite antigen were more complex: zinc deficiency reduced T-cell function [interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 (IL-4 and IL-5) production], and both nutritional deficits depressed APC functions [IL-4, IL-5, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production] and T-cell function (IFN-gamma production). Thus, this study showed that zinc deficiency and energy restriction played identifiably distinct roles in regulating host immune responses against the gastrointestinal nematode H. polygyrus.
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Shi HN, He RG, Zhou XJ. [The effect of FN(fibronectin) on invasion and metastasis of human acinic cell carcinoma cell strain of the salivary gland]. SHANGHAI KOU QIANG YI XUE = SHANGHAI JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1997; 6:191-4. [PMID: 15160191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
FN distribution in ACC-2 and high lung-metastatic ACC-M cells was studied with immunohistochemical staining.There were less FN found in ACC-2,but much more FN were observed in the highly metastatic clone Acc-M.In vitro motility of two cell lines was measured by Boyden chamber.With the presence of exgenous FN,Acc-2 became activated with a higher migration rate.The cell adhesion test showed that Acc-2 had stronger ability of adhesion than Acc-M with the presence of FN.The result suggested FN may play a vital role in the invasion and metastasis of ACC.
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Shi HN, Koski KG, Stevenson MM, Scott ME. Zinc deficiency and energy restriction modify immune responses in mice during both primary and challenge infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda). Parasite Immunol 1997; 19:363-73. [PMID: 9292895 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3024.1997.d01-223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized the consequences of zinc-sufficient (Zn+, 60 mg zinc/kg diet, ad libitum), zinc-deficient (Zn-075 mg zinc/kg diet, ad libitum) and energy-restricted (ER, 60 mg zinc/kg diet which was restricted to match food intake of Zn- mice) diets on the in vivo and in vitro immune response of BALB/c mice during both primary and challenge infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus. In Zn+ mice, both primary and challenge infection with H. polygyrus induced not only a strong Th2 response (IgE, IgG1, eosinophilia, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10), but also elements of a TH1 response (IgG3, IFN-gamma). Zinc deficiency significantly depressed Th2-dependent antibody production during both primary and challenge infection, and reduced mitogen and antigen-induced T cell proliferation during the challenge infection. Th2 cytokine production was reduced by zinc deficiency (IL-4), energy restriction (IL-5) and by zinc deficiency possibly in combination with energy restriction (IL-10) during the primary infection whereas TH1 cytokine production (IFN-gamma) was depressed during the challenge infection by zinc deficiency, possibly together with energy restriction. Both zinc deficiency and energy restriction reduced eosinophilia with the more profound effect being exerted by zinc deficiency. Thus, both zinc deficiency and its concurrent energy restriction modify immune responses in the mice during primary and challenge infection with H. polygyrus.
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Shi HN, Scott ME, Koski KG, Boulay M, Stevenson MM. Energy restriction and severe zinc deficiency influence growth, survival and reproduction of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) during primary and challenge infections in mice. Parasitology 1995; 110 ( Pt 5):599-609. [PMID: 7596643 DOI: 10.1017/s003118200006532x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the impact of severe zinc deficiency on the establishment, growth, survival and reproduction of Heligmosomoides polygyrus in the laboratory mouse, during both primary and challenge infection protocols, and (2) to determine whether the observed effects resulted from zinc deficiency per se, or from the accompanying energy restriction. Three diet groups were used: zinc-sufficient (Zn+:60 mg zinc/kg diet), zinc-deficient (Zn-:0.75 mg zinc/kg diet) and energy restricted (ER:60 mg zinc/kg diet pair fed to Zn- mice). Neither Zn- nor ER influenced the establishment of the parasite during a primary infection. However, both significantly influenced the early development of the parasite. The proportion of adult worms recovered 9 days post-infection (p.i.) was highest in Zn- mice, intermediate in ER mice and lowest in Zn+ mice. Worms were also distributed more distally in the intestine of the Zn- mice and worm survival was highest in Zn- mice, intermediate in ER mice and lowest in Zn+ mice at both 4 and 5 weeks p.i. Although the length of female worms was reduced in Zn- mice, neither per capita fecundity nor egg viability was affected by zinc deficiency. Energy restriction, on the other hand, significantly reduced worm fecundity at 5 weeks post-primary infection, but had no effect on egg viability. Zinc concentration of adult H. polygyrus was similar among dietary groups. The effects of zinc deficiency and energy restriction were also investigated 4 and 5 weeks after a challenge infection. Whereas strong host resistance was evident in Zn+ and ER mice, based on comparison of worm numbers between challenged mice and primary infection controls, no evidence of resistance was detected in Zn- mice. As in the primary infection, female worms were shorter in Zn- mice than in ER and Zn+ mice, and energy restriction but not zinc deficiency significantly affected per capita fecundity. However, in contrast to the primary infection, ER mice had elevated rather than reduced fecundity. This study demonstrates a complex interaction between H. polygyrus and zinc and energy restriction, and highlights the importance of controlling for reduced food intake in nutrition-infection studies.
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Shi HN, Scott ME, Stevenson MM, Koski KG. Zinc deficiency impairs T cell function in mice with primary infection of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda). Parasite Immunol 1994; 16:339-50. [PMID: 7970873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.1994.tb00359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether severe zinc deficiency would prolong the course of a primary Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection in mice, and whether this could be related to impaired T cell function. Female BALB/c mice were fed a zinc-sufficient (Zn+; 60 mg/kg), a zinc-deficient (Zn-; 0.75 mg/kg) or an energy restricted (PF; 60 mg zinc/kg) diet. After four weeks, some mice in each dietary group were given a primary infection with 100 larvae; nutritional, parasitological and immunological parameters were assayed over the following five weeks. Liver zinc concentrations were significantly reduced in Zn- mice compared with Zn+ mice. In certain cases, PF mice also had reduced liver zinc concentrations, showing the negative effects of restricted food intake on zinc status. Zinc deficiency prolonged the course of a primary infection, with the effects being most evident five weeks post-infection when Zn+ mice had only 40% as many worms as Zn- mice. Parasite infection induced strong immunological responses in Zn+ mice in contrast to Zn- mice. The reduced production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma, the reduced peripheral eosinophilia and reduced serum levels of IgE and IgG1 in Zn- mice were attributed to the zinc deficiency, whereas the reduced delayed type hypersensitivity response to parasite antigen and reduced production of IL-5 were in certain instances attributed to reduced energy intake rather than zinc deficiency. These results show that zinc deficiency significantly impairs functions normally attributed to both Th1 and Th2 cell populations, and that these alterations are associated with elevated worm numbers in zinc-deficient mice.
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