In Vivo Evaluation of Micronucleus Frequencies in Buccal Mucosal Cells of Orthodontic Patients with and Without Fluoride Use

Introduction:

Fluoride agents to prevent white spot lesions are used often during orthodontic treatment. The beneficial effects of fluoride, when consumed within permissible limits on dental structures, are well known. Their implications on underlying biological tissues, however, are unknown. Mouthwashes and dentifrices with fluorides are associated with metal ion release into the mouth with possible cell genotoxicity. Since these cariostatic agents are frequently used during orthodontic therapy, a deeper understanding of the effects of fluoride on oral tissues was considered necessary.

Methodology:

Three groups of patients (30 each)—group 1 (untreated controls), group 2 (non-fluoridated), and group 3 (Fluoridated) were analyzed. Patients in groups 2 and 3 were bonded with the same bracket prescription and treated with similar archwire sequences. Buccal mucosal cells at 4 specific time periods (before treatment, 1 week, 30 days, and 6 months) were collected, using a wooden tongue depressor, and assessed for any nuclear abnormalities. Comparisons of changes were made with an untreated control group and also between the non-fluoridated and fluoridated groups. Relevant conclusions were drawn after analysis of the results.

Results:

Greater number of nuclei were observed at the 30-day time interval in the fluoridated group, which was statistically significant at P < .001.

Conclusion:

Use of fluoridated oral hygiene products in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with NiTi archwires could increase the risk of micronuclei formation in buccal mucosal cells.

Traumatic Bone Cyst of Mandible: A Case Report of Rare Entity and Review of Literature

The traumatic bone cyst was first described by Lucas in 1929 and later by Rushton. A solitary bone cyst (SBC) is a nonneoplastic osseous lesion affecting ≥95% of the metaphyses of long bones such as the proximal humerus and femur. The incidence of cyst affecting the jaws is 1% of all the cyst. About 89% of the lesion occurs in the mandible and 11% in the maxilla. Majority of the lesions occur in the posterior mandible, especially in the premolar-molar region. In this case report, we are presenting one such case of multiple lesions of SBC in mandible with systematic review of the literature.

Assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of hydroalcoholic fruit extract of cranberry against Socransky complexes and predominant cariogenic, mycotic and endodontic climax communities of the oral cavity: An extensive in-vitro study

Background and Objective:

Contemporary global complementary and alternative practices in dentistry envisage to manipulate the molecules from traditionally used plant derivatives as adjuncts. The aim of this study was to assess the in-vitro antimicrobial efficacy of hydro-alcoholic fruit extract of cranberry against Socransky complexes and predominant cariogenic, mycotic and endodontic climax communities of the oral cavity.

Materials and Methods:

An extract of Vaccinium macrocarpon was prepared using a hydro-ethanolic solvent (water – 30%: ethanol – 70%) using the standardized maceration protocol. Standard American Type Cell Culture and Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank strains of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the serial broth dilution. The minimum bactericidal concentration was obtained by subculturing method.

Results:

The extract showed satisfactory inhibitory and bactericidal effects against all test pathogens.

Conclusion:

V. macrocarpon can prove to be an adjunct to the existing antimicrobial complexes being routinely used to combat pathogenic oral climax community.

A mixed neoplasm of intraosseous hemangioma with an ameloblastoma: a case of collision tumor or a rare variant?

Hemangiomas of the head and neck are considered to be benign tumors of infancy that are characterized by a rapid growth phase with endothelial cell proliferation, followed by gradual involution. Central hemangiomas are a rare occurrence and even rarer are the hybrid tumors of central hemangiomas with odontogenic tumors such as ameloblastomas. This paper reports a case of one such hybrid tumor in a middle aged adult clinical presenting as a mandibular swelling with indistinct mixed radiographic presentation and histopathologically comprising of intimately associated hemangiomatous vascular channels and typical ameloblastic areas. To the authors' knowledge this is the sixth case of such a hemangiomatous ameloblastoma which has been reported till date.