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Beppu H, Kawabata M, Hamamoto T, Chytil A, Minowa O, Noda T, Miyazono K. BMP type II receptor is required for gastrulation and early development of mouse embryos. Dev Biol 2000; 221:249-58. [PMID: 10772805 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2000.9670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, play a variety of roles during mouse development. BMP type II receptor (BMPR-II) is a type II serine/threonine kinase receptor, which transduces signals for BMPs through heteromeric complexes with type I receptors, including activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2), ALK3/BMPR-IA, and ALK6/BMPR-IB. To elucidate the function of BMPR-II in mammalian development, we generated BMPR-II mutant mice by gene targeting. Homozygous mutant embryos were arrested at the egg cylinder stage and could not be recovered at 9.5 days postcoitum. Histological analysis revealed that homozygous mutant embryos failed to form organized structure and lacked mesoderm. The BMPR-II mutant embryos are morphologically very similar to the ALK3/BMPR-IA mutant embryos, suggesting that BMPR-II is important for transducing BMP signals during early mouse development. Moreover, the epiblast of the BMPR-II mutant embryo exhibited an undifferentiated character, although the expression of tissue-specific genes for the visceral endoderm was essentially normal. Our results suggest that the function of BMPR-II is essential for epiblast differentiation and mesoderm induction during early mouse development.
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Miura S, Takeshita T, Asao H, Kimura Y, Murata K, Sasaki Y, Hanai JI, Beppu H, Tsukazaki T, Wrana JL, Miyazono K, Sugamura K. Hgs (Hrs), a FYVE domain protein, is involved in Smad signaling through cooperation with SARA. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:9346-55. [PMID: 11094085 PMCID: PMC102191 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.24.9346-9355.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2000] [Accepted: 09/27/2000] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Smad proteins are effector molecules that transmit signals from the receptors for the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily to the nucleus; of the Smad proteins, Smad2 and Smad4 are essential components for mouse early embryogenesis. We demonstrated that Hgs, a FYVE domain protein, binds to Smad2 in its C-terminal half and cooperates with another FYVE domain protein, the Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA), to stimulate activin receptor-mediated signaling through efficient recruitment of Smad2 to the receptor. Furthermore, a LacZ knock-in allele of the C-terminal half-deletion mutant of mouse Hgs was created by gene targeting. The introduced mutation causes an embryonic lethality between embryonic days 8.5 and 10.5. Mutant cells showed significantly decreased responses to stimulation with activin and TGF-beta. These findings suggest that the two FYVE domain proteins, Hgs and SARA, are prerequisites for receptor-mediated activation of Smad2.
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Beppu H, Nagaoka M, Tanaka R. Analysis of cerebellar motor disorders by visually-guided elbow tracking movement. 2. Contribution of the visual cues on slow ramp pursuit. Brain 1987; 110 ( Pt 1):1-18. [PMID: 3801845 DOI: 10.1093/brain/110.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In visually-guided slow ramp elbow tracking, patients with cerebellar ataxia show irregular undulations of pursuit velocity which result in a position tracking pattern unlike the smooth constant velocity or rate tracking pattern of normal controls (Beppu et al., 1984). This task provides ample opportunity to use both visual and proprioceptive feedback information for correcting errors. The present study investigated the role of visual information for generation of this saccadic pursuit pattern in the patients. A television screen was divided into upper and lower halves in each of which a vertical strip was displayed. The upper strip (T, target) was moved horizontally from the centre of the screen to the left or right by ramp voltage. The lower strip (D, displacement of the handle) was moved in proportion to angular displacement of the handle by a potentiometer coupled to the handle axis. The subject, while sitting in front of the screen, had to make D match the movement of T by controlling the handle with his arm. The range of T movement was 30 deg in terms of the angular movement of the handle. T velocity was 6.0 or 7.5 deg/s. After a training session, the test was performed in which D or T was suddenly erased from the screen during pursuit, depriving the subject of visual information about the moving limb and/or performance. The procedure gave only minor effects on the performance of the control subjects, but it reduced significantly the velocity undulation of the patients with cerebellar ataxia, producing a smoother continuous pursuit. There were no significant differences in performance between D or T erase tasks. The result supports the hypothesis that the marked undulation pattern during pursuit movement in cerebellar ataxia is due to repeated visually-guided error correction responses. The relative importance of the visual pathway for conveying position information and the proprioceptive pathway for movement velocity information in this visual slow ramp tracking task is also discussed.
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Kitajima I, Soejima Y, Takasaki I, Beppu H, Tokioka T, Maruyama I. Ceramide-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B is a potential mediator of the apoptotic response to TNF-alpha in murine clonal osteoblasts. Bone 1996; 19:263-70. [PMID: 8873967 DOI: 10.1016/8756-3282(96)00181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblasts are affected by TNF-alpha overproduction by immune cells during inflammation. We demonstrate that apoptosis is induced in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells by exceeding the concentrations 100 units/mL of TNF-alpha and 10 mumol/L of synthetic ceramide. The apoptotic signaling pathway activated by TNF-alpha was examined in MC3T3-E1 cells. Endogenous cellular ceramide concentrations increased within 3 min, and comparable peak levels were observed for 30 min after TNF-alpha treatment. Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) was detected after TNF-alpha or synthetic ceramide stimulation. The concentration of NF-kappa B increased in the perinuclear region after 5 min of treatment and translocation into the nucleus was observed within 15 min of treatment. Degradation of I kappa B alpha/MAD-3 was observed after 60 min of ceramide treatment. These results indicate that nuclear translocation and activation of NF-kappa B through TNF-alpha generated ceramide may be one important apoptotic signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells. The osteoblastic apoptosis triggered by TNF-alpha-generated ceramide may explain the inhibition of bone formation during severe bone inflammation.
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Beppu H, Suda M, Tanaka R. Analysis of cerebellar motor disorders by visually guided elbow tracking movement. Brain 1984; 107 ( Pt 3):787-809. [PMID: 6478179 DOI: 10.1093/brain/107.3.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor control was analysed by a visuomotor tracking movement using elbow flexion both in patients with cerebellar ataxia and in normal controls. A TV screen was divided into upper and lower halves, in each of which a vertical strip was displayed. The upper strip (T, target) was moved horizontally from the centre of the screen to the left or right by ramp voltage. The lower strip (D, displacement of the handle) was moved in proportion to angular displacement of the handle by a potentiometer coupled to the handle axis. The subject, while sitting in front of the TV screen, had to make D match the movement of T by controlling the handle with his right arm. The range of T movement was 30 deg in terms of the handle's angular movement. T velocity was 7.5, 15 or 30 deg/s. The subjects were told the direction and velocity of T in advance. The process of tracking was divided into three phases (initial catch-up phase, middle pursuit phase, and terminal phase), in each of which the performance of cerebellar ataxia patients differed from that of the controls. The characteristic features of the ataxic cases were (1) prolongation of the reaction time, mainly due to the increase of premotor time; (2) difficulty in selecting an appropriate amplitude of initial peak velocity in proportion to the target velocity in the initial catch-up phase; (3) disruption of smooth continuous movement, namely, the saccadic pattern in the middle pursuit phase; (4) delay in the initiation of deceleration in the terminal phase; (5) difficulty in corrective adjustment in reaching the final target point; and (6) irregular EMG activity in the agonist muscles and/or cocontraction of the antagonistic muscles. Quantitative treatment of the second and third features, as exemplified in the relationship between initial error and initial peak velocity and in the ratio of the movement arrest period, respectively, was found to be helpful in the evaluation of disease severity. The significance of these findings is discussed and the role of the cerebellar system in the control of slow voluntary movement is stressed.
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Beppu H, Mwizerwa ON, Beppu Y, Dattwyler MP, Lauwers GY, Bloch KD, Goldstein AM. Stromal inactivation of BMPRII leads to colorectal epithelial overgrowth and polyp formation. Oncogene 2007; 27:1063-70. [PMID: 17700526 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Stromal-epithelial interactions play a central role in development and tumorigenesis. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the intestine is involved in both of these processes. Inactivation of BMP pathway genes in the epithelium is known to cause intestinal polyposis. However, the role of the intestinal stroma in polyp initiation is incompletely understood. We observed that conditional inactivation of the BMP type II receptor (BMPRII) in the stroma leads to epithelial hyperplasia throughout the colon with increased epithelial cell proliferation. Mutant mice developed rectal bleeding and hamartomatous polyps in the colorectum. The polyps demonstrated increased proliferation of epithelial and mesenchymal cells in the mucosa with an expansion of the myofibroblast cell population. These results demonstrate that genetic mutations altering the BMP signaling pathway in the stromal microenvironment can lead to epithelial tumors in the colon.
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Koide R, Onodera O, Ikeuchi T, Kondo R, Tanaka H, Tokiguchi S, Tomoda A, Miike T, Isa F, Beppu H, Shimizu N, Watanabe Y, Horikawa Y, Shimohata T, Hirota K, Ishikawa A, Tsuji S. Atrophy of the cerebellum and brainstem in dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy. Influence of CAG repeat size on MRI findings. Neurology 1997; 49:1605-12. [PMID: 9409354 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.49.6.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate how the size of the expanded CAG repeat of the gene for dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) and other factors affect the atrophy of the brainstem and cerebellum, and the appearance of high-intensity signals on T2-weighted MRI of the cerebral white matter of patients with DRPLA, we quantitatively analyzed the MRI findings of 26 patients with DRPLA, the diagnosis of which was confirmed by molecular analysis of the DRPLA gene. When we classified the patients into two groups based on the size of the expanded CAG repeat of the DRPLA gene (group 1, number of CAG repeat units > or = 66; group 2, number of CAG repeat units < or = 65), we found strong inverse correlations between the age at MRI and the areas of midsagittal structures of the cerebellum and brainstem in group 1 but not in group 2. Multiple regression analysis, however, revealed that both the patient's age at MRI and the size of the expanded CAG repeat correlated with the areas of midsagittal structures. Involvement of the cerebral white matter as detected on T2-weighted images was observed more frequently in patients belonging to group 2 than in group 1 patients. Furthermore it was demonstrated that high-intensity signals can be detected on T2-weighted images of the cerebral white matter of patients with a largely expanded CAG repeat (group 1) in their thirties. These results suggest that patient age as well as the size of the expanded CAG repeat are related to the degree of atrophy of the brainstem and cerebellum, and the white matter changes in patients with DRPLA.
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Imawari M, Akatsuka N, Ishibashi M, Beppu H, Suzuki H. Syndrome of plasma cell dyscrasia, polyneuropathy, and endocrine disturbances. Report of a case. Ann Intern Med 1974; 81:490-3. [PMID: 4416017 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-81-4-490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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48 |
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Yamamoto T, Beppu H, Tsubaki T. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: fluctuating symptoms and CT. Neurology 1984; 34:1456-60. [PMID: 6493493 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.34.11.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a 29-year-old man with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. The patient's disorder was characterized by lactic acidosis, hemiparesis, seizures, aphasia, and hemianopia. CT revealed low-density areas that corresponded to the symptoms. His 56-year-old mother is also involved subclinically, demonstrating that muscle biopsy is an important requisite in the final determination of a familial inheritance pattern in mitochondrial myopathy. Neuronal mitochondrial disorders are suggested as the pathogenesis of his neurologic symptoms.
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Case Reports |
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Fujita K, Ito T, Maruta K, Teradaira R, Beppu H, Nakagami Y, Kato Y, Nagatsu T, Kato T. Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in schizophrenic patients. J Neurochem 1978; 30:1569-72. [PMID: 670998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb10494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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47 |
37 |
11
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Das P, Inoue H, Baker JC, Beppu H, Kawabata M, Harland RM, Miyazono K, Padgett RW. Drosophila dSmad2 and Atr-I transmit activin/TGFbeta signals. Genes Cells 1999; 4:123-34. [PMID: 10320478 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.1999.00244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much is known about the three subfamilies of the TGFbeta superfamily in vertebrates-the TGFbetas, dpp/BMPs, and activins. Signalling in each subfamily is dependent on both shared and unique cell surface receptors and Smads. In invertebrates, mutants for BMP pathway components have been extensively characterized, but thus far, evidence for an activin- or TGFbeta-like pathway has been lacking, preventing the use of the extensive genetic tools available for studying several key issues of TGFbeta signalling. RESULTS Here we report the identification of dSmad2, a new Drosophila Smad which is most related to the activin/TGFbeta-pathway Smads, Smad2 and Smad3. We show that dSmad2 induces activin responsive genes in Xenopus animal cap assays. dSMAD2 is phosphorylated by ATR-I and PUNT, but not by activated THICK VEINS, and translocates to the nucleus upon activation. Furthermore, we show that dSMAD2 complexes with MEDEA only in the presence of ATR-I and PUNT. dSmad2 is expressed in the imaginal disks and in the outer proliferation centre of the larval brain, suggesting that it may have important proliferative and patterning roles during Drosophila development. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence for the existence of an activin/TGFbeta pathway in Drosophila. We show that dSmad2 participates in this pathway, and that it functions with Atr-I and punt. We show that Medea also participates in this pathway, indicating the conservation of roles for Co-Smads in diverse phyla. Expression patterns of dSmad2 suggest that it functions in imaginal disks and in the brain, in tissues that undergo extensive patterning and proliferation.
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Beppu H, Maruta K, Kürner T, Kolb H. Diabetogenic action of streptozotocin: essential role of membrane permeability. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA 1987; 114:90-5. [PMID: 2949474 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.1140090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A single high dose of streptozotocin was found to cause a transient increase in islet capillary permeability 2-4 h after administration. Staining of areas of increased vascular permeability by Evans blue showed that islets, but not exocrine tissue, were affected. The permeability increase seems to involve vasoactive substances released by mast cells. A mast cell inhibitor (disodium cromoglycate) and a serotonin antagonist (methysergide) were found protective. Furthermore, administration of methysergide partially prevented the development of hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin-treated rats. In mice, almost full protection from diabetes development was reached by both methysergide and disodium cromoglycate. Our observations indicate an important role of mast cell controlled membrane permeability in this model of beta-cell destruction and diabetes development.
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Beppu H, Minowa O, Miyazono K, Kawabata M. cDNA cloning and genomic organization of the mouse BMP type II receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 235:499-504. [PMID: 9207184 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cDNA for the mouse bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR-II) was isolated using the human counterpart as a probe and its genomic structure was determined. The cDNA encodes a protein of 1,038 amino acids with a single transmembrane domain, a serine/threonine kinase domain, and a long carboxy-terminal tail. The overall amino acid sequence identity between the mouse and the human BMPR-II is 96.6%. mRNA is widely distributed in various adult tissues. The gene is encoded by 13 exons spanning over 80 kb. Two large introns (intron 1 and 3) contribute to the majority of the gene size, as in the mouse activin type II receptor gene. The intron/exon boundaries were sequenced. The results suggest that alternative splicing can yield a shorter form of BMPR-II of 530 amino acids, as reported previously. Knowledge of the structure of the BMPR-II gene is essential for the understanding of the role of bone morphogenetic proteins in the developmental and physiological processes of animals.
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Kuzuya H, Tamai I, Beppu H, Shimpo K, Chihara T. Determination of aloenin, barbaloin and isobarbaloin in aloe species by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 752:91-7. [PMID: 11254203 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aloenin, barbaloin and isobarbaloin in JP Aloe, Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) and Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger (Aloe arborescens Miller) were determined by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. Aloenin, barbaloin and isobarbaloin were well separated by MEKC and as little as 5.5 pg/11 nl of the three compounds could be detected. The determination took around 14 min.
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Koike T, Beppu H, Kuzuya H, Maruta K, Shimpo K, Suzuki M, Titani K, Fujita K. A 35 kDa mannose-binding lectin with hemagglutinating and mitogenic activities from "Kidachi Aloe" (Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger). J Biochem 1995; 118:1205-10. [PMID: 8720136 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel lectin was isolated from the leaf skin of "Kidachi Aloe" (Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger) by sequential chromatographies on Sephadex G-25 gel filtration, DEAE ion exchange, and Superdex 75 gel filtration columns. The native lectin exhibited a molecular mass of about 35 kDa on both gel filtration on a Superdex 75 column and native-PAGE under nonreducing conditions. SDS-PAGE in the presence or absence of beta-mercaptoethanol revealed two distinct peptides with molecular masses of about 5.5 and 2.3 kDa, respectively, in addition to a major 9.2 kDa subunit, indicating the presence of a partially processed subunit. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the intact subunit showed homology with that of snowdrop lectin. The native lectin showed hemagglutinating activity toward rabbit but not human and sheep erythrocytes, and specifically bound to mannose like snowdrop lectin did, indicating that the Aloe and snowdrop lectins are structurally and functionally similar proteins. In addition, the native lectin showed strong mitogenic activity toward mouse lymphocytes.
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Comparative Study |
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Fujita K, Nagatsu T, Maruta K, Teradaira R, Beppu H, Tsuji Y, Kato T. Fluorescence assay for dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 1977; 82:130-40. [PMID: 907117 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(77)90141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Comparative Study |
48 |
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Koike T, Titani K, Suzuki M, Beppu H, Kuzuya H, Maruta K, Shimpo K, Fujita K. The complete amino acid sequence of a mannose-binding lectin from "Kidachi Aloe" (Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 214:163-70. [PMID: 7669035 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The complete amino acid sequence of a mannose-binding lectin purified from the leaf skin of "Kidachi Aloe" (Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger) is presented. The 109-residue sequence of the subunit was determined by analysis of peptides of the intact or S-pyridylethylated protein generated by digestion with cyanogen bromide, BNPS-skatole, Achromobacter protease I, or trypsin. The subunit contains an intrachain disulfide bridge. The sequence is highly homologous to that of a mannose-binding lectin from snowdrop bulb.
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Teradaira R, Shinzato M, Beppu H, Fujita K. Antigastric ulcer effects in rats ofAloe arborescens Miller var.natalensis Berger extract. Phytother Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650070712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32 |
23 |
19
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46 |
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20
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Kanai T, Simons JR, Tsukamoto R, Nakajima A, Omori Y, Matsuoka R, Beppu H, Imanaka T, Atomi H. Overproduction of the membrane-bound [NiFe]-hydrogenase in Thermococcus kodakarensis and its effect on hydrogen production. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:847. [PMID: 26379632 PMCID: PMC4549637 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis can utilize sugars or pyruvate for growth. In the absence of elemental sulfur, the electrons via oxidation of these substrates are accepted by protons, generating molecular hydrogen (H2). The hydrogenase responsible for this reaction is a membrane-bound [NiFe]-hydrogenase (Mbh). In this study, we have examined several possibilities to increase the protein levels of Mbh in T. kodakarensis by genetic engineering. Highest levels of intracellular Mbh levels were achieved when the promoter of the entire mbh operon (TK2080-TK2093) was exchanged to a strong constitutive promoter from the glutamate dehydrogenase gene (TK1431) (strain MHG1). When MHG1 was cultivated under continuous culture conditions using pyruvate-based medium, a nearly 25% higher specific hydrogen production rate (SHPR) of 35.3 mmol H2 g-dcw−1 h−1 was observed at a dilution rate of 0.31 h−1. We also combined mbh overexpression using an even stronger constitutive promoter from the cell surface glycoprotein gene (TK0895) with disruption of the genes encoding the cytosolic hydrogenase (Hyh) and an alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT), both of which are involved in hydrogen consumption (strain MAH1). At a dilution rate of 0.30 h−1, the SHPR was 36.2 mmol H2 g-dcw−1 h−1, corresponding to a 28% increase compared to that of the host T. kodakarensis strain. Increasing the dilution rate to 0.83 h−1 or 1.07 h−1 resulted in a SHPR of 120 mmol H2 g-dcw−1 h−1, which is one of the highest production rates observed in microbial fermentation.
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Journal Article |
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Suzuki Y, Sakuraba H, Potier M, Akagi M, Sakai M, Beppu H. beta-Galactosidase-neuraminidase deficiency in adults: deficiency of a freeze-labile neuraminidase in leukocytes and fibroblasts. Hum Genet 1981; 58:387-9. [PMID: 7327559 DOI: 10.1007/bf00282820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
4-methylumbelliferyl neuraminidase activity was studied in fibroblasts, leukocytes, and frozen tissues from adult patients with beta-galactosidase-neuraminidase deficiency and specific clinical manifestations. This enzyme was almost completely deficient in fibroblasts, but the residual activity was relatively high (20% of the control mean) in the leukocytes from the patients. The frozen liver from one patient showed the enzyme activity as high as controls. This enzyme consisted of two components, freeze-labile and freeze-stable, and it was demonstrated that only the labile enzyme was deficient in fibroblasts and leukocytes. The apparently normal activity of neuraminidase in frozen autopsy tissues of a patient may be explained by the loss of the labile component in control tissues after a long-term freezing. The neuraminidase activity was variable in parents and no definite conclusion was drawn on the hereditary nature of the disease.
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Atarashi K, Yoshimura N, Nodera H, Tsukimoto K, Beppu H, Kanayama M. Recurrent histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease) in an human T lymphotropic virus type I carrier. Intern Med 1996; 35:821-5. [PMID: 8933195 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.35.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of recurrent histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) with aseptic meningitis. The patient was a 46-year-old male and a carrier of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). The patient had a past medical history of at least three relapses of HNL. In addition, his sister, who was also an HTLV-I carrier, had recurrent clinical episodes consistent with those of HNL, suggesting familial HNL occurrence. This observation suggests the possibility that HTLV-I infection is relevant to the pathogenesis of HNL.
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Case Reports |
29 |
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23
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Tsuda H, Matsumoto K, Ito M, Hirono I, Kawai K, Beppu H, Fujita K, Nagao M. Inhibitory effect ofAloe arborescens Miller var.natalensis Berger (Kidachi aloe) on induction of preneoplastic focal lesions in the rat liver. Phytother Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650070714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Atkinson MA, Winter WE, Skordis N, Beppu H, Riley WM, Maclaren NK. Dietary protein restriction reduces the frequency and delays the onset of insulin dependent diabetes in BB rats. Autoimmunity 1988; 2:11-9. [PMID: 3155150 DOI: 10.3109/08916938809019939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Environmental agents have been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes (IDD). These studies were designed to learn if dietary protein influences the development of IDD in the BB rat. Specifically, analysis involved the effects of substituting a modified, semi-synthetic diet (AIN-76) containing soy protein as the sole protein source for the standard chow containing a mixture of animal and non-animal protein. IDD was less frequent (73% vs. 38%, P less than or equal to 0.01), and the onset of diabetes was retarded (110 +/- 11.0 vs. 92 +/- 15.5 days, P less than or equal to 0.01) in rats fed the study diet versus standard chow, respectively. The frequency of thyroid collodal autoantibodies was also significantly decreased in rats fed the study diet (56% vs. 23%, P less than or equal to 0.04), whereas frequencies of smooth muscle and gastric parietal cell autoantibodies were less frequent, but not significantly so. Lymphocyte counts and subsets were unaffected. In non-diabetic rats at greater than 180 days of age, insulitis was less severe in the experimental group. These findings suggested that dietary protein may influence the development of IDD in the BB rat.
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Shimpo K, Chihara T, Beppu H, Ida C, Kaneko T, Nagatsu T, Kuzuya H. Inhibition of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci formation in rat colorectum by whole leaf Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger. Phytother Res 2001; 15:705-11. [PMID: 11746864 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We examined the modifying effect of whole-leaf Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger (designated as 'ALOE') on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF), putative preneoplastic lesions, in the rat colorectum. Male F344 rats (4 weeks old) were fed the basal diet, or experimental diets containing 1% or 5% ALOE for 5 weeks. One week later, all rats except those in the vehicle-treated groups were injected s.c. with AOM (15 mg/kg, once weekly for 3 weeks). At 9 weeks of age, all the rats were killed, and the colorectum and liver were evaluated for ACF and cytosolic quinone reductase (QR; a phase 2 enzyme), respectively. In rats given AOM and ALOE (1% or 5% in diet) the numbers of ACF/colorectum, aberrant crypts/colorectum, aberrant crypts/focus and large ACF/colorectum were significantly decreased compared with those of rats given AOM alone (all p < 0.01). No ACF were found in rats treated without AOM. In addition, ALOE significantly increased cytosolic QR activity in the liver (p < 0.01). These results indicated that ALOE inhibited the development of AOM-induced ACF in the rat colorectum, with increased QR activity in the liver, and therefore suggested that ALOE might have a chemopreventive effect against colon carcinogenesis at least in the initiation stage.
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