Synthesis of novel bioactive pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives with potent cytotoxicity through apoptosis as PIM-1 kinase inhibitors

Direct synthesis and cytotoxicity activity of new series of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine was described. Nicotinamide 2 was synthesized via cyclization of N-cyclohexyl derivative with cyanoacetamide. The o-aminonicotinonitrile 2 was subjected to acylation or thio acylation process followed by intramolecular heterocyclization to afford the desired pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (3-10) and pyrido triazine 11. Compounds 4 and 11 exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 0.57 μM and 1.31 μM and IC50 values of 1.13 μM and 0.99 μM against HepG2 cells. Interestingly, compounds 4 and 10 had potent PIM-1 kinase inhibition with IC50 values of 11.4 and 17.2 nM, respectively, with inhibition of 97.8% and 94.6% compared to staurosporine (IC50 = 16.7 nM, with 95.6% inhibition). Moreover, compound 4 significantly activated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, increasing the cell apoptosis by 58.29-fold by having 36.14% total apoptosis in treated cells compared to 0.62% for control. Moreover, it arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase. PIM-1 kinase inhibition was virtually elucidated by the molecular docking study, highlighting binding interactions of the lead compound 4 towards the PIM-1 protein. Accordingly, compound 4 was validated as a promising PIM-1 targeted chemotherapeutic agent to treat breast cancer.

Synthesis of Nucleosides and Non-nucleosides Based 4,6-disubstituted-2-oxo-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitriles as Antiviral Agents

BACKGROUND

Viral diseases are considered main threats that face the humanity worldwide. The emergence of new viruses like influenza viruses emphasizes the significance of designing novel antiviral drugs.

METHOD

The aim of this work is to synthesize a new set of nucleoside and non-nucleoside cyanopyridine, characterized and evaluated for their in vitro antiviral properties against various strains.

CONCLUSION

More of the compounds showed variable antiviral potential against a panel of eighteen DNA and RNA viruses. The screening data suggested that the order of activity of the active compounds are in the order of O-glycosyl > O-alkyl > N-alkyl > S-alkyl derivatives. In addition, the 4-fluoro substituted compounds are more effective among the O- and N-alkyl analogs, whereas remarkable antiviral activity was ascribed to the methoxylated O-glycosyl derivatives. Most of the active compounds proved to be more selective towards the inhibition of the replication of DNA rather than the RNA-viruses. The analogs 1a, 2a, 12b, 14b and 16b possessed broad spectrum and noticeable antiviral potential against most of the tested DNA- and RNA-viruses (EC50 ≈ 0.8-20 µM), accompanied with considerably low cytotoxic margin (MCC ≈ 4-20 µM), and comparable with reference standard antiviral agents.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Oxo/Thioxoquinoxaline and 2-Oxo/Thioxoquinoxaline-Based Nucleoside Analogues

Several O- and S-quinoxaline glycosides have been prepared by glycosidation of 3-methyl-2-oxo(thioxo)-1,2-dihydroquinoxalines 1a,b with α-D-glucopyranosyl, α-D-galactopyranosyl, and α-D-lactosyl bromide in the presence of K2CO3 followed by deacetylation with Et3N/H2O. Furthermore, alkylation of 1a,b with 4-bromobutyl acetate, 2-acetoxyethoxymethyl bromide, and 3-chloropropanol afforded the corresponding O- and S-acycloquinoxaline nucleosides. Reaction of 1b with chloroacetic acid followed by condensation with sulfacetamide and sulfadiazine in the presence of Et3N/THF and ethyl chloroformate gave the corresponding sulfonamide derivatives 14 and 15, respectively. The structures of new compounds were confirmed by using IR, (1)H, (13)C NMR spectra and microanalysis. Some of these compounds were screened in vitro for antitumor and antifungal activities.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some 2-pyridone nucleosides containing a sulfonamide moiety

Glycosylation of 2-pyridonesulfonamide 1a,b with glycosyl/galactosyl bromide gave the corresponding glycosides 2a,b, 3a,b, 6a,b, and 7a,b, respectively. Deacetylation of the resulting glycosides gave the corresponding glycosides 4a,b, 5a,b, 8a,b, and 9a,b, respectively, in good yields. Furthermore, reaction of 2-pyridonesulfonamide 1b with lactosyl bromide gave a mixture the corresponding N, O-lactosides 10 and 11, which were deacetylated to give the corresponding glycosides 12 and 13, respectively. The structures of the new synthesized compounds were characterized by using IR, 1H, 13C NMR spectra, and microanalysis. Selected members of these compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity.

Synthesis of acyclovir and HBG analogues having nicotinonitrile and its 2-methyloxy 1,2,3-triazole

Reaction of pyridin-2(1H)-one 1 with 4-bromobutylacetate (2), (2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl bromide (3) gave the corresponding nicotinonitrile O-acyclonucleosides, 4 and 5, respectively. Deacetylation of 4 and 5 gave the corresponding deprotected acyclonucleosides 6 and 7, respectively. Treatment of pyridin-2(1H)-one 1 with 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol (8), epichlorohydrin (10) and allyl bromide (12) gave the corresponding nicotinonitrile O-acyclonucleosides 9, 11, and 13, respectively. Furthermore, reaction of pyridin-2(1H)-one 1 with the propargyl bromide (14) gave the corresponding 2-O-propargyl derivative 15, which was reacted via [3+2] cycloaddition with 4-azidobutyl acetate (16) and [(2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl]azide (17) to give the corresponding 1,2,3-triazole derivatives 18 and 19, respectively. The structures of the new synthesized compounds were characterized by using IR, (1)H, (13)C NMR spectra, and microanalysis. Selected members of these compounds were screened for antibacterial activity.

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some glucosyl- and ribosyl-pyridazin-3-ones

Reaction of 5,6-diphenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one 1a,b with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl bromide 2 in K(2)CO(3)/acetone gave 5,6-diphenyl-N(2)-(2',3',4',6'-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)pyridazin-3-one 5a,b. The same nucleosides 5a,b were obtained by reaction of 1a,b with peracetylated glucose 3 under MW irradiation. Mercuration of 1a,b followed by reaction with glucosyl bromide 2 gave the same nucleosides 5a,b. The riboside 4-cyano-5,6-diphenyl-N(2)-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-pyridazin-3-one 8 was obtained by reaction of 4-cyanopyridazinone 1b with peracetylated ribose 7 under MW irradiation. The deprotected nucleosides 6a,b and 9 were obtained by stirring of 5a,b and 8 in methanol and TEA/H(2)O. The structure was confirmed using (1)H and (13)C-NMR spectra. Selected members of these compounds were screened for antibacterial activity.

Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of some pyrimidine glycosides

Reaction of ethyl 4-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate derivatives 1a,b and ethyl 4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate 1c with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide in KOH or TEA afforded ethyl 2-aryl-4-(2',3',4',6'-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosylthio or/ oxy)-6-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate 6a-c. The glucosides 6a and 6b were obtained by the reaction of 1a and 1b with peracetylated glucose3 under MW irradiation. Mercuration of 1a followed by reaction with acetobromoglucose gave the same product 6a. The reaction of 1a-c with peracetylated ribose 4 under MW irradiation gave ethyl 2-aryl-4-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosylthio)-6-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate 8a-c. The deprotection of 6a-c and 8a-c in the presence of methanol and TEA/H(2)O afforded the deprotected products 7a-c and 9a-c. The structure were confirmed by using (1)H and (13)CNMR spectra. Selected members of these compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity.