1
|
Al-Warhi T, Almahli H, Maklad RM, Elsayed ZM, El Hassab MA, Alotaibi OJ, Aljaeed N, Ayyad RR, Ghabour HA, Eldehna WM, El-Ashrey MK. 1-Benzyl-5-bromo-3-hydrazonoindolin-2-ones as Novel Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling Insights. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073203. [PMID: 37049966 PMCID: PMC10096524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health is experiencing several obstacles in the modern medical era, particularly cancer. As a result, the cancer therapeutic arsenal should be continually expanded with innovative small molecules that preferentially target tumour cells. In this study, we describe the development of two small molecule series (7a–d and 12a–e) based on the 1-benzyl-5-bromoindolin-2-one scaffold that connected through a hydrazone linker to a 4-arylthiazole (7a–d) or 4-methyl-5-(aryldiazenyl)thiazole (12a–e) moiety. The anticancer activity of all the reported indolin-2-one derivatives was assessed against breast (MCF-7) and lung (A-549) cancer cell lines. The 4-arylthiazole-bearing derivatives 7c and 7d revealed the best anticancer activity toward MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 7.17 ± 0.94 and 2.93 ± 0.47, respectively). Furthermore, the VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity for 7c and 7d was evaluated. Both molecules disclosed good inhibitory activity, and their IC50 values were equal to 0.728 µM and 0.503 µM, respectively. Additionally, the impacts of 7d on the cell cycle phases as well as on the levels of different apoptotic markers (caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, and Bcl-2) were assessed. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations are carried out to explore the binding mode of 7d within the VEGFR-2 active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Raed M. Maklad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Zainab M. Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai 46612, Egypt
| | - Ohoud J. Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Aljaeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rezk R. Ayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hazem A. Ghabour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. El-Ashrey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Elini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Affiliation(s)
- Usama Karama
- 1Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mogeeb A. Sultan
- 1Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem A. Ghabour
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoong K. Fun
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Kh. Warad
- 3Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, 00972 Nablus, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|