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White O, Dent S, Westbrook K, Lee HJ, Yang C, Moore HN. Assessment of efficacy and safety of dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (ddAC) in combination with immunotherapy in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024:10.1007/s10549-024-07354-2. [PMID: 38771399 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess safety and efficacy of a modified KEYNOTE 522 protocol, which incorporated pembrolizumab every 6 weeks, allowing for concomitant dose-dense (14 day) doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (ddAC). By optimizing this dosing, the intention of this modified protocol was to improve pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in a population associated with a poorer prognosis. METHODS This was a retrospective, single-center, cohort study. Patients were included if they had early stage, triple-negative breast cancer, and received at least one dose of AC. The entire cohort received neoadjuvant chemotherapy including weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel with pembrolizumab every 3 weeks for 12 weeks (4 cycles). The group then received either ddAC with pembrolizumab 400 mg every 6 weeks, or AC with pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks. The primary objective was pCR rate at time of surgery. RESULTS This study assessed outcomes in 25 patients over 34 months. The pCR rate in the pembrolizumab, AC 3-week cohort was 64.3% versus 81.8% in the ddAC and 6-week pembrolizumab group. No pembrolizumab-associated grade 3-4 adverse events occurred in the either cohort. Despite seeing an increased incidence of grade 3-4 toxicities in the ddAC arm, this did not result in additional chemotherapy delays or dose reductions. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated tolerability and a potential for favorable outcomes with this patient population, making this modified KEYNOTE 522 protocol a reasonable treatment approach. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to assess the feasibility of this dosing and true optimization of patient outcomes given the small sample size of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia White
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | | | | | - Hui-Jie Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chengxin Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Kamboj M, Bohlke K, Baptiste DM, Dunleavy K, Fueger A, Jones L, Kelkar AH, Law LY, LeFebvre KB, Ljungman P, Miller ED, Meyer LA, Moore HN, Soares HP, Taplitz RA, Woldetsadik ES, Kohn EC. Vaccination of Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:1699-1721. [PMID: 38498792 PMCID: PMC11095883 DOI: 10.1200/jco.24.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To guide the vaccination of adults with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. METHODS A systematic literature review identified systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and nonrandomized studies on the efficacy and safety of vaccines used by adults with cancer or their household contacts. This review builds on a 2013 guideline by the Infectious Disease Society of America. PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 1, 2013, to February 16, 2023. ASCO convened an Expert Panel to review the evidence and formulate recommendations. RESULTS A total of 102 publications were included in the systematic review: 24 systematic reviews, 14 RCTs, and 64 nonrandomized studies. The largest body of evidence addressed COVID-19 vaccines. RECOMMENDATIONS The goal of vaccination is to limit the severity of infection and prevent infection where feasible. Optimizing vaccination status should be considered a key element in the care of patients with cancer. This approach includes the documentation of vaccination status at the time of the first patient visit; timely provision of recommended vaccines; and appropriate revaccination after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, or B-cell-depleting therapy. Active interaction and coordination among healthcare providers, including primary care practitioners, pharmacists, and nursing team members, are needed. Vaccination of household contacts will enhance protection for patients with cancer. Some vaccination and revaccination plans for patients with cancer may be affected by the underlying immune status and the anticancer therapy received. As a result, vaccine strategies may differ from the vaccine recommendations for the general healthy adult population vaccine.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini Kamboj
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Kari Bohlke
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | | | - Kieron Dunleavy
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC
| | - Abbey Fueger
- The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, Rye Brook, NY
| | - Lee Jones
- Fight Colorectal Cancer, Arlington, VA
| | - Amar H Kelkar
- Harvard Medical School, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Per Ljungman
- Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric D Miller
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Larissa A Meyer
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Heloisa P Soares
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Elise C Kohn
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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Burnette SE, Poehlein E, Lee HJ, Force J, Westbrook K, Moore HN. Evaluation of alpelisib-induced hyperglycemia prophylaxis and associated risk factors in PIK3CA-mutated hormone-receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor-2 negative advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 197:369-376. [PMID: 36409396 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE SOLAR-1 investigated alpelisib-fulvestrant (ALP + FLV) in patients with HR + /HER2-, PIK3CA-mutated advanced breast cancer and demonstrated a clinically significant increase in all-grade and grade (G) 3-4 hyperglycemia (HG) compared to placebo-fulvestrant. Given high rates of HG, a preventative protocol and identification of associated risk factors was implemented. METHODS This single-center, retrospective study included patients receiving ALP + FLV. One week before ALP initiation, patients started an insulin-sensitizer. Patients had fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels drawn day 8, 15, 28, then monthly. Primary outcome was incidence of G2-4 HG by day 28. Risk factors assessed included age, BMI, FPG, and HbA1c. Number of risk factors were compared between patients with and without HG. RESULTS Sixteen women were included with median age of 59 years. The cohort was 69% White, 25% Black, 75% with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, and 50% with history of diabetes. By day 28, 9 patients (56%) had G2-4 HG, with only 3 (19%) G3 and zero G4. Patients with G2-4 HG had a median of 2 risk factors compared to only 1 if no HG (p = 0.03). 5 patients (31%) required a temporary hold of ALP and 3 (19%) required dose reduction due to HG. 13 patients permanently discontinued ALP-9 due to disease progression and 4 from an adverse event (only 1 HG). CONCLUSION Implementation of a HG prophylaxis protocol with ALP in a single-center study demonstrated fewer G3-4 HG events compared to that seen in SOLAR-1 (19% vs 36.6%). An increase in HG-associated risk factors correlated with a higher incidence of G2-4 HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Burnette
- Department of Pharmacy, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Emily Poehlein
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, 2424 Erwin Road, Hock Plaza Suite 1102, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hui-Jie Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, 2424 Erwin Road, Hock Plaza Suite 1102, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jeremy Force
- Department of Breast Oncology, Duke University Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kelly Westbrook
- Department of Breast Oncology, Duke University Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Heather N Moore
- Department of Pharmacy, Duke University Medical Center, 20 Duke Medicine Circle, Clinic 2-1, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Moore HN, Mao L, Oramasionwu CU. Factors associated with polypharmacy and the prescription of multiple medications among persons living with HIV (PLWH) compared to non-PLWH. AIDS Care 2015; 27:1443-8. [PMID: 26608408 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1109583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Persons living with HIV (PLWH) may be at increased risk for polypharmacy (≥5 concomitant medications) over non-PLWH, presumably due to antiretroviral therapy (ARV). Potential concerns associated with polypharmacy include clinically significant drug-drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, increased pill burden, and rising treatment-related costs. Our objective was to evaluate prescription of multiple non-ARV medications to PLWH, compared to non-PLWH, in US outpatient clinics and to identify factors associated with polypharmacy. Cross-sectional data from the 2006-2010 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were used for this study. Visits for PLWH were identified using HIV ICD9-CM codes 042, V08, and 079.53. Patients < 18 years of age were excluded. Relevant demographics included sex, age, race/ethnicity, and insurance status, while comorbid conditions included hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Multivariate logistic regression analyses evaluated factors independently associated with prescription of ≥ 5 medications. In total, 7,360,000 weighted visits for PLWH (13% aged 18-29 y; 55% aged 30-49 y; 32% aged ≥ 50 y) and 374,626,000 weighted visits for non-PLWH (18% aged 18-29 y; 32% aged 30-49 y; 50% aged ≥ 50 y) met study criteria. The greatest prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia was in those ≥ 50 years of age (p < .001 for all comorbidities in PLWH and non-PLWH). In 2006, 16% of PLWH were prescribed ≥ 5 medications, doubling to 35% in 2010. In 2006, 24% of non-PLWH were prescribed ≥ 5 medications, only increasing to 32% in 2010. Older age (30-49 y and ≥ 50 y) was associated with ≥ 5 prescription medications in PLWH (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.538, 95% CI; 1.31-4.918 and aOR = 2.703, 95% CI; 1.678-4.354) and in non-PLWH (aOR = 2.546, 95% CI; 2.235-2.9 and aOR = 5.208, 95% CI; 4.486-6.047), respectively. Prescription of multiple medications is on the rise in PLWH, more so than in non-PLWH. Additional research is needed to explore how prescription of multiple medications differentially affects younger PLWH vs. older PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather N Moore
- a UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Lu Mao
- b Department of Biostatistics , Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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Oramasionwu CU, Toliver JC, Johnson TL, Moore HN, Frei CR. National trends in hospitalization and mortality rates for patients with HIV, HCV, or HIV/HCV coinfection from 1996-2010 in the United States: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:536. [PMID: 25300638 PMCID: PMC4287456 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The comparative impact of chronic viral monoinfection versus coinfection on inpatient outcomes and health care utilization is relatively unknown. This study examined trends, inpatient utilization, and hospital outcomes for patients with HIV, HCV, or HIV/HCV coinfection. Methods Data were from the 1996–2010 National Hospital Discharge Surveys. Hospitalizations with primary ICD-9-CM codes for HIV or HCV were included for HIV and HCV monoinfection, respectfully. Coinfection included both HIV and HCV codes. Demographic characteristics, select comorbidities, procedural interventions, average hospital length of stay (LOS), and discharge status were compared by infection status (HIV, HCV, HIV/HCV). Annual disease estimates and survey weights were used to generate hospitalization rates. Results ~6.6 million hospitalizations occurred in patients with HIV (39%), HCV (56%), or HIV/HCV (5%). The hospitalization rate (hospitalizations per 100 persons with infection) decreased in the HIV group (29.8 in 1996; 5.3 in 2010), decreased in the HIV/HCV group (2.0 in 1996; 1.5 in 2010), yet increased in the HCV group (0.2 in 1996; 0.9 in 2010). Median LOS from 1996 to 2010 (days, interquartile range) decreased in all groups: HIV, 6 (3–10) to 4 (3–8); HCV, 5 (3–9) to 4 (2–6); HIV/HCV, 6 (4–11) to 4 (2–7). Age-adjusted mortality rates decreased for all three groups. The rate of decline was least pronounced for those with HCV monoinfection. Conclusion Hospitalizations have declined more rapidly for patients with HIV infection (including HIV/HCV coinfection) than for patients with HCV infection. This growing disparity between HIV and HCV underscores the need to allocate more resources to HCV care in hopes that similar large-scale improvements can also be accomplished for patients with HCV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-536) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine U Oramasionwu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 2215 Kerr Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7573, USA.
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Oramasionwu CU, Moore HN, Toliver JC. Barriers to hepatitis C antiviral therapy in HIV/HCV co-infected patients in the United States: a review. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2014; 28:228-39. [PMID: 24738846 PMCID: PMC4011402 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2014.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review synthesized the literature for barriers to HCV antiviral treatment in persons with HIV/HCV co-infection. Searches of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were conducted to identify relevant articles. Articles were excluded based on the following criteria: study conducted outside of the United States, not original research, pediatric study population, experimental study design, non-HIV or non-HCV study population, and article published in a language other than English. Sixteen studies met criteria and varied widely in terms of study setting and design. Hepatic decompensation was the most commonly documented absolute/nonmodifiable medical barrier. Substance use was widely reported as a relative/modifiable medical barrier. Patient-level barriers included nonadherence to medical care, refusal of therapy, and social circumstances. Provider-level barriers included provider inexperience with antiviral treatment and/or reluctance of providers to refer patients for treatment. There are many ongoing challenges that are unique to managing this patient population effectively. Documenting and evaluating these obstacles are critical steps to managing and caring for these individuals in the future. In order to improve uptake of HCV therapy in persons with HIV/HCV co-infection, it is essential that barriers, both new and ongoing, are addressed, otherwise, treatment is of little benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Moore
- Department of Bacteriology and Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Moore
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Cincinnati
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Moore HN. The Canadian Society for the Control of Cancer. Can Med Assoc J 1938; 39:481. [PMID: 20321162 PMCID: PMC536828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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