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Schönherr H, Ayaz P, Taylor AM, Casaletto JB, Touré BB, Moustakas DT, Hudson BM, Valverde R, Zhao S, O’Hearn PJ, Foster L, Sharon DA, Garfinkle S, Giordanetto F, Lescarbeau A, Kurukulasuriya R, Gerami-Moayed N, Maglic D, Bruderek K, Naik G, Gunaydin H, Mader MM, Boezio AA, McLean TH, Chen R, Wang Y, Shaw DE, Watters J, Bergstrom DA. Discovery of lirafugratinib (RLY-4008), a highly selective irreversible small-molecule inhibitor of FGFR2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317756121. [PMID: 38300868 PMCID: PMC10861881 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317756121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) kinase inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and other advanced solid tumors harboring FGFR2 alterations, but the toxicity of these drugs frequently leads to dose reduction or interruption of treatment such that maximum efficacy cannot be achieved. The most common adverse effects are hyperphosphatemia caused by FGFR1 inhibition and diarrhea due to FGFR4 inhibition, as current therapies are not selective among the FGFRs. Designing selective inhibitors has proved difficult with conventional approaches because the orthosteric sites of FGFR family members are observed to be highly similar in X-ray structures. In this study, aided by analysis of protein dynamics, we designed a selective, covalent FGFR2 inhibitor. In a key initial step, analysis of long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations of the FGFR1 and FGFR2 kinase domains allowed us to identify differential motion in their P-loops, which are located adjacent to the orthosteric site. Using this insight, we were able to design orthosteric binders that selectively and covalently engage the P-loop of FGFR2. Our drug discovery efforts culminated in the development of lirafugratinib (RLY-4008), a covalent inhibitor of FGFR2 that shows substantial selectivity over FGFR1 (~250-fold) and FGFR4 (~5,000-fold) in vitro, causes tumor regression in multiple FGFR2-altered human xenograft models, and was recently demonstrated to be efficacious in the clinic at doses that do not induce clinically significant hyperphosphatemia or diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rongfeng Chen
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing100176, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing100176, People’s Republic of China
| | - David E. Shaw
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY10036
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
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Subbiah V, Sahai V, Maglic D, Bruderek K, Touré BB, Zhao S, Valverde R, O'Hearn PJ, Moustakas DT, Schönherr H, Gerami-Moayed N, Taylor AM, Hudson BM, Houde DJ, Pal D, Foster L, Gunaydin H, Ayaz P, Sharon DA, Goyal L, Schram AM, Kamath S, Sherwin CA, Schmidt-Kittler O, Jen KY, Ricard F, Wolf BB, Shaw DE, Bergstrom DA, Watters J, Casaletto JB. RLY-4008, the First Highly Selective FGFR2 Inhibitor with Activity across FGFR2 Alterations and Resistance Mutations. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2012-2031. [PMID: 37270847 PMCID: PMC10481131 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) drives multiple cancers and represents a broad therapeutic opportunity, yet selective targeting of FGFR2 has not been achieved. Although the clinical efficacy of pan-FGFR inhibitors (pan-FGFRi) validates FGFR2 driver status in FGFR2 fusion-positive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, their benefit is limited by incomplete target coverage due to FGFR1- and FGFR4-mediated toxicities (hyperphosphatemia and diarrhea, respectively) and the emergence of FGFR2 resistance mutations. RLY-4008 is a highly selective, irreversible FGFR2 inhibitor designed to overcome these limitations. In vitro, RLY-4008 demonstrates >250- and >5,000-fold selectivity over FGFR1 and FGFR4, respectively, and targets primary alterations and resistance mutations. In vivo, RLY-4008 induces regression in multiple xenograft models-including models with FGFR2 resistance mutations that drive clinical progression on current pan-FGFRi-while sparing FGFR1 and FGFR4. In early clinical testing, RLY-4008 induced responses without clinically significant off-isoform FGFR toxicities, confirming the broad therapeutic potential of selective FGFR2 targeting. SIGNIFICANCE Patients with FGFR2-driven cancers derive limited benefit from pan-FGFRi due to multiple FGFR1-4-mediated toxicities and acquired FGFR2 resistance mutations. RLY-4008 is a highly selective FGFR2 inhibitor that targets primary alterations and resistance mutations and induces tumor regression while sparing other FGFRs, suggesting it may have broad therapeutic potential. See related commentary by Tripathi et al., p. 1964. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 1949.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Subbiah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Dejan Maglic
- Relay Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Debjani Pal
- Relay Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Lipika Goyal
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Suneel Kamath
- The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - Kai Yu Jen
- Relay Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Beni B. Wolf
- Relay Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David E. Shaw
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, New York
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Trifunovic R, Trifunovic R, Barbe S, Schönherr H, Müller M, Gockel F. Microbial inactivation at high flow velocity using carbon dioxide as a novel approach for rapid non-thermal decontamination in food biotechnology and bioprocess engineering. J Biotechnol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pithan PM, Decker D, Druzhinin SI, Ihmels H, Schönherr H, Voß Y. 8-Styryl-substituted coralyne derivatives as DNA binding fluorescent probes. RSC Adv 2017; 7:10660-10667. [PMID: 28496973 PMCID: PMC5361113 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Styryl-substituted coralyne derivatives bind to duplex and quadruplex DNA and may be used for fluorimetric staining of nucleoli in cells.
Six new 8-styryl-substituted coralyne derivatives 4a–f were synthesized from coralyne (2) by a base catalysed Knoevenagel type reaction. It was shown by photometric and fluorimetric titrations of double stranded and quadruplex DNA to 4b–d as well as by fluorimetric DNA denaturation experiments that these ligands bind to DNA with different binding modes at varying ligand-DNA ratios (LDR). Specifically, the addition of DNA caused initially a hypochromic effect in absorbance and, at a particular LDR, the development of a new red shifted absorption band with a hyperchromic effect. Furthermore, 4b–d induced a significant and selective stabilization of quadruplex DNA towards unfolding (ΔTm = 31.6–32.9 °C at LDR = 5), which is even more pronounced as compared to the parent compound coralyne (2). Most notably, the addition of DNA to the dimethylamino-substituted derivative 4b leads to a new, strongly red-shifted emission band at 695 nm. Hence, this derivative is a fluorescent probe that changes its fluorescence colour from green to red in the presence of DNA and even allows the fluorimetric analysis of living cells by staining of the nucleoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Pithan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - D Decker
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - S I Druzhinin
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - H Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - H Schönherr
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Y Voß
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
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Goonoo N, Bhaw-Luximon A, Rodriguez IA, Wesner D, Schönherr H, Bowlin GL, Jhurry D. Poly(ester-ether)s: III. assessment of cell behaviour on nanofibrous scaffolds of PCL, PLLA and PDX blended with amorphous PMeDX. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:673-687. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01350f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SEM images of HDF cells on scaffolds: (a) PCL/PMeDX: 93/7-good adhesion and proliferation, (b) PDX/PMeDX: 98/2-good adhesion, proliferation & infiltration and (c) PLLA/PMeDX: 85/15-good proliferation and infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Goonoo
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research
- University of Mauritius
- Réduit
- Mauritius
| | - A. Bhaw-Luximon
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research
- University of Mauritius
- Réduit
- Mauritius
| | - I. A. Rodriguez
- Biomedical Engineering Department
- University of Memphis
- Memphis
- USA
| | - D. Wesner
- Physical Chemistry I
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Siegen
- 57076 Siegen
- Germany
| | - H. Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Siegen
- 57076 Siegen
- Germany
| | - G. L. Bowlin
- Biomedical Engineering Department
- University of Memphis
- Memphis
- USA
| | - D. Jhurry
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research
- University of Mauritius
- Réduit
- Mauritius
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Schönherr H, Cernak T. Profound Methyl Effects in Drug Discovery and a Call for New CH Methylation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12256-67. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schönherr H, Cernak T. Ausgeprägte Methyleffekte in der Wirkstoff-Forschung und der Bedarf an neuen C-H-Methylierungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Joshi D, Field J, Murphy J, Abdelrahim M, Schönherr H, Sparrow JR, Ellestad G, Nakanishi K, Zask A. Synthesis of antioxidants for prevention of age-related macular degeneration. J Nat Prod 2013; 76:450-4. [PMID: 23346866 PMCID: PMC4069254 DOI: 10.1021/np300769c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photooxidation of A2E may be involved in diseases of the macula, and antioxidants could serve as therapeutic agents for these diseases. Inhibitors of A2E photooxidation were prepared by Mannich reaction of the antioxidant quercetin. These compounds contain water-solubilizing amine groups, and several were more potent inhibitors of A2E photooxidation than quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharati Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, 3000 Broadway, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - James Field
- Department of Chemistry, 3000 Broadway, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - John Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, 3000 Broadway, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Mohammed Abdelrahim
- Department of Chemistry, 3000 Broadway, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Heike Schönherr
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Janet R. Sparrow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - George Ellestad
- Department of Chemistry, 3000 Broadway, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Koji Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, 3000 Broadway, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Arie Zask
- Department of Chemistry, 3000 Broadway, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
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Schönherr H, Leighton JL. Direct and Highly Enantioselective Iso-Pictet–Spengler Reactions with α-Ketoamides: Access to Underexplored Indole Core Structures. Org Lett 2012; 14:2610-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300922b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Schönherr
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James L. Leighton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Schönherr H, Mollitor J, Schneider C. A Chemoenzymatic Approach to the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the C1-C11 fragment of (+)-Peloruside A. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Friggeri A, van Manen HJ, Auletta T, Li XM, Zapotoczny S, Schönherr H, Vancso GJ, Huskens J, van Veggel FC, Reinhoudt DN. Chemistry on surface-confined molecules: an approach to anchor isolated functional units to surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:6388-95. [PMID: 11427065 DOI: 10.1021/ja010257c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of surface-confined, nanometer-sized dendrimers and Au nanoparticles was performed starting from single Pd(II) pincer adsorbate molecules (10) embedded as isolated species into 11-mercapto-1-undecanol and decanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold. The coordination of monolayer-protected Au nanoclusters (MPCs) bearing phosphine moieties at the periphery (13), or dendritic wedges (8) having a phosphine group at the focal point, to SAMs containing individual Pd(II) pincer molecules was monitored by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM AFM). The individual Pd(II) pincer molecules embedded in the decanethiol SAM were visualized by their coordination to phosphine MPCs 13; isolated objects with a height of 3.5 +/- 0.7 nm were observed by TM AFM. Reaction of these embedded Pd(II) pincer molecules with the dendritic wedge 8 yielded individual molecules with a height of 4.3 +/- 0.2 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Friggeri
- Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Jaeger
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, NL - 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - H. Schönherr
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, NL - 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - G. J. Vancso
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, NL - 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Jaschke M, Schönherr H, Wolf H, Butt HJ, Bamberg E, Besocke MK, Ringsdorf H. Structure of Alkyl and Perfluoroalkyl Disulfide and Azobenzenethiol Monolayers on Gold(111) Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp952355o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jaschke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Kennedyallee 70, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, J. Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany, and Institut für Grenzflächenforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - H. Schönherr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Kennedyallee 70, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, J. Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany, and Institut für Grenzflächenforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - H. Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Kennedyallee 70, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, J. Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany, and Institut für Grenzflächenforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - H.-J. Butt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Kennedyallee 70, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, J. Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany, and Institut für Grenzflächenforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - E. Bamberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Kennedyallee 70, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, J. Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany, and Institut für Grenzflächenforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - M. K. Besocke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Kennedyallee 70, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, J. Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany, and Institut für Grenzflächenforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - H. Ringsdorf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Kennedyallee 70, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, J. Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany, and Institut für Grenzflächenforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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Schönherr H, Kremer FJB, Kumar S, Rego JA, Wolf H, Ringsdorf H, Jaschke M, Butt HJ, Bamberg E. Self-Assembled Monolayers of Discotic Liquid Crystalline Thioethers, Discoid Disulfides, and Thiols on Gold: Molecular Engineering of Ordered Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja962598+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schönherr H, Vancso G, Argon A. The structure of highly textured quasi-single-crystalline high-density polyethylene probed by atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. POLYMER 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(95)95286-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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