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Michaelis M, Rothweiler F, Wurglics M, Aniceto N, Dittrich M, Zettl H, Wiese M, Wass M, Ghafourian T, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Cinatl J. Substrate-specific effects of pirinixic acid derivatives on ABCB1-mediated drug transport. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11664-76. [PMID: 26887049 PMCID: PMC4905501 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pirinixic acid derivatives, a new class of drug candidates for a range of diseases, interfere with targets including PPARα, PPARγ, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), and microsomal prostaglandin and E2 synthase-1 (mPGES1). Since 5-LO, mPGES1, PPARα, and PPARγ represent potential anti-cancer drug targets, we here investigated the effects of 39 pirinixic acid derivatives on prostate cancer (PC-3) and neuroblastoma (UKF-NB-3) cell viability and, subsequently, the effects of selected compounds on drug-resistant neuroblastoma cells. Few compounds affected cancer cell viability in low micromolar concentrations but there was no correlation between the anti-cancer effects and the effects on 5-LO, mPGES1, PPARα, or PPARγ. Most strikingly, pirinixic acid derivatives interfered with drug transport by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCB1 in a drug-specific fashion. LP117, the compound that exerted the strongest effect on ABCB1, interfered in the investigated concentrations of up to 2μM with the ABCB1-mediated transport of vincristine, vinorelbine, actinomycin D, paclitaxel, and calcein-AM but not of doxorubicin, rhodamine 123, or JC-1. In silico docking studies identified differences in the interaction profiles of the investigated ABCB1 substrates with the known ABCB1 binding sites that may explain the substrate-specific effects of LP117. Thus, pirinixic acid derivatives may offer potential as drug-specific modulators of ABCB1-mediated drug transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Michaelis
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Processing and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK.,Current address: Centre for Molecular Processing and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany
| | - Mario Wurglics
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Natália Aniceto
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich in Medway, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Michaela Dittrich
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Heiko Zettl
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Michael Wiese
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich in Medway, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.,Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Mark Wass
- Centre for Molecular Processing and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | | | | | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany
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Michaelis M, Rothweiler F, Wurglics M, Aniceto N, Dittrich M, Zettl H, Wass M, Ghafourian T, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Cinatl J. Substrate-specific effects of pirinixic acid derivatives on ABCB1-mediated drug transport. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zettl UK, Dudesek A, Rimmele F, Zettl H, Patejdl R. [Autoimmune-Mediated Encephalomyelitis: a Heterogeneous Entity in Between Neurology and Psychiatry]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2016; 84:S84-S87. [PMID: 27806421 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-113961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Within the last decade, autoantibody-associated encephalitis and encephalomyelitis have stepped into the focus of clinical research and practice. Besides the "classic" autoantibodies against intracellular neuronal antigenes, a growing number of antibodies directed against pre- and postsynaptic surface proteins of neurons have been described since the millennium change. Whereas the "classic" are closely linked to paraneoplastic syndromes, this association is loose for most of the yet known surface antigen-antibodies. The immune-mediated encephalomyelitic syndromes are thus classified not only by their clinical symptoms, but also by their specific antibodies. The definition of the entity of N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor encephalitis is a prominent example. The presented work gives an overview on the clinical and pathological correlates and the underlying immunologic processes of autoantibody-associated encephalitis from a neuropsychiatric perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Zettl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - A Dudesek
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - F Rimmele
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - H Zettl
- Tumorzentrum, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - R Patejdl
- Institut für Physiologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
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Patejdl R, Winkelmann A, Ehler J, Zettl H, Meister S, Zettl UK. [Diagnostic Workup and Treatment of Antibody-Related Encephalomyelitis]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2016; 84:S88-S91. [PMID: 27806422 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-113963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The results of laboratory tests for antineuronal antibodies in immune-mediated encephalitis nowadays are not only relevant for diagnostic purposes but are instead closely connected to outcome measures and treatment response. Besides the mere detection of antibodies, investigating the cerebrospinal fluid is indispensible to rule out an infectious etiology of encephalitis prior to the initiation of immunosuppressive treatment, whereas imaging studies are relevant to gain information on the temporal course of disease and for ruling out other etiologies, e. g. hippocampal gliomas. This work gives an overview on the clinical course and findings of laboratory, electroencephalography (EEG) and imaging studies in relevant types of autoimmune mediated encephalitis. Furthermore, it gives a synopsis on contemporary treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patejdl
- Institut für Physiologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - A Winkelmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - J Ehler
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - H Zettl
- Tumorzentrum, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - S Meister
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - U K Zettl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
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Leuchter M, Kalata P, Hildebrandt G, Zettl H, Hakenberg OW. [The parameter "relative survival": Analysis of regional cancer registry data for prostate cancer]. Urologe A 2015; 55:156-66. [PMID: 26358437 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-015-3944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of comparability of relative survival rates due to differences in regional mortality. OBJECTIVE How should relative survival be calculated to be able to compare regional cancer mortality? MATERIALS AND METHODS Calculation of relative survival rates of prostate cancer patients from a regional cancer registry using diagnosis year and stage, based on differential mortality tables. RESULTS Calculation of relative survival for all prostate cancer patients shows a very slight excess mortality after 5 years compared to a matched general population. Introduction of new imaging techniques and PSA screening led to a change in the distribution of diagnosed stages. Differentiation by stage is therefore essential. Thus, patients with UICC stage I, II, and III have a very low excess mortality, while patients with a UICC stage IV have a significantly higher excess mortality; however, it is very surprising that the excess mortality of patients without specification of the UICC stage is similarly unfavorable as in the case of patients with UICC stage IV. CONCLUSION If data from a regional cancer registry are used, adequate mortality tables from the catchment area of the registry should be used as a reference due to regional mortality differences. Thus, progress in patient survival can be more precisely mapped. With respect to prostate cancer patients, differential consideration by stage is also necessary because improved early detection methods has led to a change in the stage distribution and, thus, survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leuchter
- Max Planck-Institut für Demografische Forschung, Konrad Zuse Straße 1, 18057, Rostock, Deutschland.
| | - P Kalata
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - G Hildebrandt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - H Zettl
- Klinisches Krebsregister, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - O W Hakenberg
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland
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Kumar GS, Zettl H, Page R, Peti W. Structural basis for the regulation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase p38α by the dual specificity phosphatase 16 MAP kinase binding domain in solution. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:28347-56. [PMID: 23926106 PMCID: PMC3784751 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.499178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) fulfill essential biological functions and are key pharmaceutical targets. Regulation of MAPKs is achieved via a plethora of regulatory proteins including activating MAPKKs and an abundance of deactivating phosphatases. Although all regulatory proteins use an identical interaction site on MAPKs, the common docking and hydrophobic pocket, they use distinct kinase interaction motif (KIM or D-motif) sequences that are present in linear, peptide-like, or well folded protein domains. It has been recently shown that a KIM-containing MAPK-specific dual specificity phosphatase DUSP10 uses a unique binding mode to interact with p38α. Here we describe the interaction of the MAPK binding domain of DUSP16 with p38α and show that despite belonging to the same dual specificity phosphatase (DUSP) family, its interaction mode differs from that of DUSP10. Indeed, the DUSP16 MAPK binding domain uses an additional helix, α-helix 4, to further engage p38α. This leads to an additional interaction surface on p38α. Together, these structural and energetic differences in p38α engagement highlight the fine-tuning necessary to achieve MAPK specificity and regulation among multiple regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heiko Zettl
- From the Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology
| | - Rebecca Page
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, and
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- From the Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology
- Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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Spänkuch B, Keppner S, Lange L, Rodrigues T, Zettl H, Koch CP, Reutlinger M, Hartenfeller M, Schneider P, Schneider G. Drugs by numbers: reaction-driven de novo design of potent and selective anticancer leads. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4676-81. [PMID: 23166089 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A potent and selective inhibitor of the anticancer target Polo-like kinase 1 was found by computer-based molecular design. This type II kinase inhibitor was synthesized as suggested by the design software DOGS and exhibited significant antiproliferative effects against HeLa cells without affecting nontransformed cells. The study provides a proof-of-concept for reaction-based de novo design as a leading tool for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Spänkuch
- Universitätsfrauenklinik, Molekulare Onkologie und Gynäkologie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Spänkuch B, Keppner S, Lange L, Rodrigues T, Zettl H, Koch CP, Reutlinger M, Hartenfeller M, Schneider P, Schneider G. Wirkstoffe nach Zahlen: reaktionsbasierter De-novo-Entwurf von potenten und selektiven Leitstrukturen für die Krebsforschung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zettl H, Ness J, Hähnke V, Beher D, Jumpertz T, Saric A, Baumann K, Pietrzik CU, Bulic B, Schneider G, Weggen S. Discovery of γ-secretase modulators with a novel activity profile by text-based virtual screening. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1488-95. [PMID: 22725102 DOI: 10.1021/cb3001952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present an integrated approach to identify and optimize a novel class of γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) with a unique pharmacological profile. Our strategy included (i) virtual screening through application of a recently developed protocol (PhAST), (ii) synthetic chemistry to discover structure-activity relationships, and (iii) detailed in vitro pharmacological characterization. GSMs are promising agents for treatment or prevention of Alzheimer's disease. They modulate the γ-secretase product spectrum (i.e., amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides of different length) and induce a shift from toxic Aβ42 to shorter Aβ species such as Aβ38 with no or minimal effect on the overall rate of γ-secretase cleavage. We describe the identification of a series of 4-hydroxypyridin-2-one derivatives, which display a novel type of γ-secretase modulation with equipotent inhibition of Aβ42 and Aβ38 peptide species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Zettl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Ness
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Volker Hähnke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Beher
- Global Research & Early Development, Merck Serono S. A., CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Jumpertz
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Arman Saric
- Global Research & Early Development, Merck Serono S. A., CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karlheinz Baumann
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA CNS, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claus U. Pietrzik
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bruno Bulic
- Research Group Chemical Biology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Weggen
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Jumpertz T, Rennhack A, Ness J, Baches S, Zettl H, Pietrzik C, Bulic B. O1‐11‐06: Presenilin is the molecular target of both acidic and non‐acidic gamma‐secretase modulators. Alzheimers Dement 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Ness
- Heinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | | | - Heiko Zettl
- Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States
| | - Claus Pietrzik
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Bruno Bulic
- Center for Advanced European Studies and ResearchBonnGermany
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Greiner C, Hörnig C, Rossi A, Pergola C, Zettl H, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Steinhilber D, Sautebin L, Werz O. 2-(4-(Biphenyl-4-ylamino)-6-chloropyrimidin-2-ylthio)octanoic acid (HZ52)--a novel type of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor with favourable molecular pharmacology and efficacy in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:781-93. [PMID: 21506958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes (LTs) representing a potential target for pharmacological intervention with inflammation and allergic disorders. Although many LT synthesis inhibitors are effective in simple in vitro test systems, they frequently fail in vivo due to lack of efficacy. Here, we attempted to assess the pharmacological potential of the previously identified 5-LO inhibitor 2-(4-(biphenyl-4-ylamino)-6-chloropyrimidin-2-ylthio)octanoic acid (HZ52). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We evaluated the efficacy of HZ52 in vivo using carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats and platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced lethal shock in mice. We also characterized 5-LO inhibition by HZ52 at the cellular and molecular level in comparison with other types of 5-LO inhibitor, that is, BWA4C, ZM230487 and hyperforin. KEY RESULTS HZ52, 1.5 mg·kg⁻¹ i.p., prevented carrageenan-induced pleurisy accompanied by reduced LTB(4) levels and protected mice (10 mg·kg⁻¹, i.p.) against PAF-induced shock. Detailed analysis in cell-based and cell-free assays revealed that inhibition of 5-LO by HZ52 (i) does not depend on radical scavenging properties and is reversible; (ii) is not impaired by an increased peroxide tone or by elevated substrate concentrations; and (iii) is little affected by the cell stimulus or by phospholipids, glycerides, membranes or Ca²⁺. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS HZ52 is a promising new type of 5-LO inhibitor with efficacy in vivo and with a favourable pharmacological profile. It possesses a unique 5-LO inhibitory mechanism different from classical 5-LO inhibitors and seemingly lacks the typical disadvantages of former classes of LT synthesis blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Greiner
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Klenner A, Hähnke V, Geppert T, Schneider P, Zettl H, Haller S, Rodrigues T, Reisen F, Hoy B, Schaible AM, Werz O, Wessler S, Schneider G. From Virtual Screening to Bioactive Compounds by Visualizing and Clustering of Chemical Space. Mol Inform 2011; 31:21-6. [PMID: 27478174 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Klenner
- ETH, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volker Hähnke
- ETH, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Geppert
- ETH, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schneider
- ETH, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Zettl
- ETH, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Haller
- ETH, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- ETH, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Reisen
- ETH, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Hoy
- Paris-Lodron University, Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Microbiology, Billroth Str. 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anja Maria Schaible
- University of Jena, Institute of Pharmacy, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- University of Jena, Institute of Pharmacy, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Silja Wessler
- Paris-Lodron University, Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Microbiology, Billroth Str. 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- ETH, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hieke M, Ness J, Steri R, Greiner C, Werz O, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Weggen S, Zettl H. SAR studies of acidic dual γ-secretase/PPARγ modulators. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5372-82. [PMID: 21873070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel set of dual γ-secretase/PPARγ modulators characterized by a 2-benzyl hexanoic acid scaffold is presented. Synthetic efforts were focused on the variation of the substitution pattern of the central benzene. Finally, we obtained a new class of 2,5-disubstituted 2-benzylidene hexanoic acid derivatives, which act as dual γ-secretase/PPARγ modulators in the low micromolar range. We have explored broad SAR and successfully improved the dual pharmacological activity and the selectivity profile against potential off-targets such as NOTCH and COX. Compound 17 showed an IC(50) Aβ42=2.4 μM and an EC(50) PPARγ=7.2 μM and could be a valuable tool to further evaluate the concept of dual γ-secretase/PPARγ modulators in animal models of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hieke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Hilgendorf I, Freund M, Kropp P, Hartmann S, Krogmann D, Daunke A, Klasen J, Klöcking S, Zettl H, Classen C. Onkologische Erkrankungen bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen - Zahlen aus dem Klinischen Krebsregister Rostock als Arbeitsgrundlage für eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1246000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schneider G, Geppert T, Hartenfeller M, Reisen F, Klenner A, Reutlinger M, Hähnke V, Hiss JA, Zettl H, Keppner S, Spänkuch B, Schneider P. Reaction-driven de novo design, synthesis and testing of potential type II kinase inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2011; 3:415-24. [PMID: 21452978 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo design of drug-like compounds with a desired pharmacological activity profile has become feasible through innovative computer algorithms. Fragment-based design and simulated chemical reactions allow for the rapid generation of candidate compounds as blueprints for organic synthesis. METHODS We used a combination of complementary virtual-screening tools for the analysis of de novo designed compounds that were generated with the aim to inhibit inactive polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a target for the development of cancer therapeutics. A homology model of the inactive state of Plk1 was constructed and the nucleotide binding pocket conformations in the DFG-in and DFG-out state were compared. The de novo-designed compounds were analyzed using pharmacophore matching, structure-activity landscape analysis, and automated ligand docking. One compound was synthesized and tested in vitro. RESULTS The majority of the designed compounds possess a generic architecture present in known kinase inhibitors. Predictions favor kinases as targets of these compounds but also suggest potential off-target effects. Several bioisosteric replacements were suggested, and de novo designed compounds were assessed by automated docking for potential binding preference toward the inactive (type II inhibitors) over the active conformation (type I inhibitors) of the kinase ATP binding site. One selected compound was successfully synthesized as suggested by the software. The de novo-designed compound exhibited inhibitory activity against inactive Plk1 in vitro, but did not show significant inhibition of active Plk1 and 38 other kinases tested. CONCLUSIONS Computer-based de novo design of screening candidates in combination with ligand- and receptor-based virtual screening generates motivated suggestions for focused library design in hit and lead discovery. Attractive, synthetically accessible compounds can be obtained together with predicted on- and off-target profiles and desired activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisbert Schneider
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Hieke M, Greiner C, Thieme TM, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Werz O, Zettl H. A novel class of dual mPGES-1/5-LO inhibitors based on the α-naphthyl pirinixic acid scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1329-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Dittrich M, Zettl H, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. Functionalization of fatty acid mimetics for solid-phase coupling and subsequent target identification. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2010; 343:625-30. [PMID: 21110345 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid mimetics such as pirinixic acid (PA) derivatives and 2-(phenylthio)alkanoic acid derivatives are drug-like small molecules with an interesting pharmacological profile. Previously, we have characterized PA derivatives (e.g., 1) as dual agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α and γ and as inhibitors of microsomal prostaglandin E(2)-synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). 2-(Phenylthio)alkanoic acids (e.g., 2) were shown to act as highly active and selective PPARα agonists. Encouraged by these results, we would like to identify other target proteins and, thereby, further explore the pharmacological profile of these molecules. An elegant method to screen for potential interaction partners is the so-called "protein-fishing" approach. Requirement is coupling of a functionalized small molecule to a solid phase which is used for biological experiments. Ideally, the pharmacophore of the small molecule remains intact as far as possible. Here, we describe the successful design and synthesis of functionalized fatty acid mimetics, thus providing an eligible starting point for solid-phase coupling and subsequent "protein-fishing" experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Dittrich
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ZAFES/LiFF, Germany
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18
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Zettl H, Weggen S, Schneider P, Schneider G. Exploring the chemical space of γ-secretase modulators. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2010; 31:402-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Hieke M, Ness J, Steri R, Dittrich M, Greiner C, Werz O, Baumann K, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Weggen S, Zettl H. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel class of gamma-secretase modulators with PPARgamma activity. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4691-700. [PMID: 20503989 DOI: 10.1021/jm1003073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel class of dual modulators of gamma-secretase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) based on the structure of 2-(bis(phenethoxy)pyrimidine-2-ylthio)hexanoic acid 8 (IC(50)(Abeta42) = 22.8 microM, EC(50)(PPARgamma) = 8.3 microM). The modulation of both targets with approved drugs (i.e., amyloid-beta 42 (Abeta42)-lowering NSAIDs for gamma-secretase and glitazones for PPARgamma) has demonstrated beneficial effects in in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, although NSAIDs and PPARgamma agonists share similar structural features, no druglike compounds with dual activities as gamma-secretase modulators (GSMs) and PPARgamma agonists have been designed so far. On the basis of our initial lead structure 8, we present the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of broad structural variations. A significant improvement was reached by the introduction of p-trifluoromethyl substituents at the phenyl residues yielding compound 16 (IC(50)(Abeta42) = 6.0 microM, EC(50)(PPARgamma) = 11.0 microM) and the replacement of the two phenyl residues of 8 by cyclohexyl yielding compound 22 (IC(50)(Abeta42) = 5.1 microM, EC(50)(PPARgamma) = 6.6 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hieke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ZAFES/LiFF/Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Rupp M, Schroeter T, Steri R, Proschak E, Hansen K, Zettl H, Rau O, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Müller KR, Schneider G. Kernel learning for ligand-based virtual screening: discovery of a new PPARγ agonist. J Cheminform 2010. [PMCID: PMC2867160 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2946-2-s1-p27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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21
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Steri R, Rupp M, Proschak E, Schroeter T, Zettl H, Hansen K, Schwarz O, Müller-Kuhrt L, Müller KR, Schneider G, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. Truxillic acid derivatives act as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2920-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Schmidt K, Pester CW, Schoberth HG, Zettl H, Schindler KA, Böker A. Electric Field Induced Gyroid-to-Cylinder Transitions in Concentrated Diblock Copolymer Solutions. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100278q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schmidt
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Christian W. Pester
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V., Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Heiko G. Schoberth
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Heiko Zettl
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Böker
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V., Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
- JARA-FIT, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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23
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Zettl H, Steinhilber D. [DPP-IV inhibitors and GLP-1 analogues]. Pharm Unserer Zeit 2010; 39:108-113. [PMID: 20196037 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.201000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Rupp M, Schroeter T, Steri R, Zettl H, Proschak E, Hansen K, Rau O, Schwarz O, Müller-Kuhrt L, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Müller KR, Schneider G. From Machine Learning to Natural Product Derivatives that Selectively Activate Transcription Factor PPARγ. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:191-4. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Lämmerhofer M, Pell R, Mahut M, Richter M, Schiesel S, Zettl H, Dittrich M, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Lindner W. Enantiomer separation and indirect chromatographic absolute configuration prediction of chiral pirinixic acid derivatives: Limitations of polysaccharide-type chiral stationary phases in comparison to chiral anion-exchangers. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1033-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rörsch F, Wobst I, Zettl H, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Grösch S, Geisslinger G, Schneider G, Proschak E. Nonacidic Inhibitors of Human Microsomal Prostaglandin Synthase 1 (mPGES 1) Identified by a Multistep Virtual Screening Protocol. J Med Chem 2009; 53:911-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9012505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rörsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, LiFF/ZAFES, Siesmayer Strasse 70 B, D-60323 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Ivonne Wobst
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, LiFF/ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Heiko Zettl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, LiFF/ZAFES, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, LiFF/ZAFES, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, LiFF/ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, LiFF/ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, LiFF/ZAFES, Siesmayer Strasse 70 B, D-60323 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, LiFF/ZAFES, Siesmayer Strasse 70 B, D-60323 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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28
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Koeberle A, Rossi A, Zettl H, Pergola C, Dehm F, Bauer J, Greiner C, Reckel S, Hoernig C, Northoff H, Bernhard F, Dötsch V, Sautebin L, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Werz O. The Molecular Pharmacology and In Vivo Activity of 2-(4-Chloro-6-(2,3-dimethylphenylamino)pyrimidin-2-ylthio)octanoic acid (YS121), a Dual Inhibitor of Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 and 5-Lipoxygenase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 332:840-8. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.160663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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29
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Abdel-Tawab M, Zettl H, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a critical review on current concepts applied to reduce gastrointestinal toxicity. Curr Med Chem 2009; 16:2042-63. [PMID: 19519380 DOI: 10.2174/092986709788682209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used drugs worldwide. Nevertheless, their intake is frequently associated with gastrointestinal side effects, representing still an important medical and socio-economic problem. In recent years efforts focused on the development of highly selective COX-2 inhibitors with an improved gastric tolerability profile. However, severe cardiovascular adverse reactions challenged the initial enthusiasm in this new class of anti-inflammatory drugs. In addition, the market withdrawals of some coxibs led to a relative reluctance in prescribing COX-2 inhibitors in clinical practice. As a consequence, the interest for alternative approaches to reduce gastrointestinal side effects associated with NSAIDs has re-emerged. There are two main components of gastric damaging properties of NSAIDs: (1) the acute toxicity associated with the short-term intake of NSAIDs, which is principally caused by local irritation of the gastric mucosa (2) the chronic toxicity resulting mainly from systemic effects associated with prolonged administration of NSAIDs. Based on that background two different approaches were pursued in the search for GI sparing NSAIDs: a) modification of classical NSAIDs by associating them with phospholipids, cyclodextrins, or chemical moieties that release gastroprotective mediators and b) defining novel targets as well as developing new compounds like dual COX/5-LO or mPGES-1 inhibitors. This review provides the first comprehensive overview of all currently applied approaches taken to improve the risk-benefit ratio of NSAIDs focusing on the structure activity relationships and the respective mechanism of action underlying the individual approaches. The insight gained in this review is useful for further research activity in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abdel-Tawab
- Central Laboratory of German Pharmacists, Carl-Mannich-Str. 20, D-65760 Eschborn, Germany.
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30
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Zettl H, Steri R, Lämmerhofer M, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. Discovery of a novel class of 2-mercaptohexanoic acid derivatives as highly active PPARα agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4421-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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31
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Proschak E, Sander K, Zettl H, Tanrikulu Y, Schneider P, Rau O, Stark H, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Schneider G. SQUIRRELnovo: de novo design of a PPARα agonist by bioisosteric replacement. Chem Cent J 2009. [DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-3-s1-o4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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32
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Zettl H, Dittrich M, Steri R, Proschak E, Rau O, Steinhilber D, Schneider G, Lämmerhofer M, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. Novel Pirinixic Acids as PPARα Preferential Dual PPARα/γ Agonists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200860163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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33
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Proschak E, Sander K, Zettl H, Tanrikulu Y, Rau O, Schneider P, Schubert‐Zsilavecz M, Stark H, Schneider G. From Molecular Shape to Potent Bioactive Agents II: Fragment‐Based de novo Design. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:45-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewgenij Proschak
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, CMP/LiFF/ZAFES, Siesmayerstr. 70, 60323 Frankfurt am Main (Germany), Fax: (+49) 69‐798‐24880
| | - Kerstin Sander
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, CMP/LiFF/ZAFES, Max‐von‐Laue‐Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
| | - Heiko Zettl
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, LiFF/ZAFES, Max‐von‐Laue‐Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
| | - Yusuf Tanrikulu
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, CMP/LiFF/ZAFES, Siesmayerstr. 70, 60323 Frankfurt am Main (Germany), Fax: (+49) 69‐798‐24880
| | - Oliver Rau
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, LiFF/ZAFES, Max‐von‐Laue‐Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
| | - Petra Schneider
- Schneider Consulting GbR, George‐C.‐Marshall Ring 33, 61440 Oberursel (Germany)
| | - Manfred Schubert‐Zsilavecz
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, LiFF/ZAFES, Max‐von‐Laue‐Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
| | - Holger Stark
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, CMP/LiFF/ZAFES, Max‐von‐Laue‐Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, CMP/LiFF/ZAFES, Siesmayerstr. 70, 60323 Frankfurt am Main (Germany), Fax: (+49) 69‐798‐24880
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34
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Proschak E, Zettl H, Tanrikulu Y, Weisel M, Kriegl J, Rau O, Schubert‐Zsilavecz M, Schneider G. From Molecular Shape to Potent Bioactive Agents I: Bioisosteric Replacement of Molecular Fragments. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:41-4. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewgenij Proschak
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, LiFF/ZAFES, Siesmayerstr. 70, 60323 Frankfurt am Main (Germany), Fax: (+49) 69‐798‐24880
| | - Heiko Zettl
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Liff/ZAFES, Max‐von‐Laue‐Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
| | - Yusuf Tanrikulu
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, LiFF/ZAFES, Siesmayerstr. 70, 60323 Frankfurt am Main (Germany), Fax: (+49) 69‐798‐24880
| | - Martin Weisel
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, LiFF/ZAFES, Siesmayerstr. 70, 60323 Frankfurt am Main (Germany), Fax: (+49) 69‐798‐24880
| | - Jan M. Kriegl
- Boehringer‐Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Department of Lead Discovery ‐ Computational Chemistry, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss (Germany)
| | - Oliver Rau
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Liff/ZAFES, Max‐von‐Laue‐Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
| | - Manfred Schubert‐Zsilavecz
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Liff/ZAFES, Max‐von‐Laue‐Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Goethe‐University, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, LiFF/ZAFES, Siesmayerstr. 70, 60323 Frankfurt am Main (Germany), Fax: (+49) 69‐798‐24880
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Zettl H, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. [Various therapy options. Medical Chemistry of platelet aggregation inhibitors]. Pharm Unserer Zeit 2009; 38:314-319. [PMID: 19572349 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.200900320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Zettl
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/Main
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Koeberle A, Zettl H, Greiner C, Wurglics M, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Werz O. Pirinixic Acid Derivatives as Novel Dual Inhibitors of Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 and 5-Lipoxygenase. J Med Chem 2008; 51:8068-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801085s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koeberle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ZAFES, LIFF, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heiko Zettl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ZAFES, LIFF, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christine Greiner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ZAFES, LIFF, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mario Wurglics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ZAFES, LIFF, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ZAFES, LIFF, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ZAFES, LIFF, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Zettl H, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Siebert CD. [The medicinal chemistry of tricyclic antidepressives. Targets and stereochemistry]. Pharm Unserer Zeit 2008; 37:206-13. [PMID: 18446902 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.200800263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Zettl
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/M
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Rau O, Zettl H, Popescu L, Steinhilber D, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. ChemInform Abstract: The Treatment of Dyslipidemia - What′s Left in the Pipeline? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/chin.200820258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Rau O, Syha Y, Zettl H, Kock M, Bock A, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. α-Alkyl Substituted Pirinixic Acid Derivatives as Potent Dual Agonists of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Alpha and Gamma. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2008; 341:191-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200700209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Rau O, Zettl H, Popescu L, Steinhilber D, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. The Treatment of Dyslipidemia—What's Left in the Pipeline? ChemMedChem 2008; 3:206-21. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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41
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Schmidt K, Schoberth HG, Ruppel M, Zettl H, Hänsel H, Weiss TM, Urban V, Krausch G, Böker A. Reversible tuning of a block-copolymer nanostructure via electric fields. Nat Mater 2008; 7:142-145. [PMID: 18037892 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers consisting of incompatible components self-assemble into microphase-separated domains yielding highly regular structures with characteristic length scales of the order of several tens of nanometres. Therefore, in the past decades, block copolymers have gained considerable potential for nanotechnological applications, such as in nanostructured networks and membranes, nanoparticle templates and high-density data storage media. However, the characteristic size of the resulting structures is usually determined by molecular parameters of the constituent polymer molecules and cannot easily be adjusted on demand. Here, we show that electric d.c. fields can be used to tune the characteristic spacing of a block-copolymer nanostructure with high accuracy by as much as 6% in a fully reversible way on a timescale in the range of several milliseconds. We discuss the influence of various physical parameters on the tuning process and study the time response of the nanostructure to the applied field. A tentative explanation of the observed effect is given on the basis of anisotropic polarizabilities and permanent dipole moments of the monomeric constituents. This electric-field-induced effect further enhances the high technological potential of block-copolymer-based soft-lithography applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Hieke M, Zettl H, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. [GPCR--structure of the human beta-2 receptor clarified]. Pharm Unserer Zeit 2008; 37:191-192. [PMID: 18446898 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.200890028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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43
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Sander K, Zettl H, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Stark H. [Antitussives and expectorants]. Pharm Unserer Zeit 2008; 37:462-471. [PMID: 18956360 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.200800285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Sander
- Stadium der Pharmazie an der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/Main
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Neuber C, Bäte M, Thelakkat M, Schmidt HW, Hänsel H, Zettl H, Krausch G. Combinatorial preparation and characterization of thin-film multilayer electro-optical devices. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:072216. [PMID: 17672747 DOI: 10.1063/1.2756993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this article we present a setup for the combinatorial vapor deposition of thin-film multilayer devices as well as methods for the fast and efficient analytic screening of the libraries obtained. The preparation setup is based on a commercially available evaporation chamber equipped with various evaporation sources for both organic and metallic materials. The combinatorial approach is realized by the combination of a rotation stage for the substrate, a five-mask sampler, and an additional mask whose position can be deliberately varied along one axis during the evaporation process. The latter is used to evaporate linear as well as step gradients by continuous or stepwise movement of a shutter mask. The mask sampler allows to define the sectors of the library and to evaporate more complex structures, e.g., an electrode layout. Finally, the simultaneous evaporation of two or more materials enables us to produce layers of varying composition ratio in general and doped materials, in particular. For the control of the evaporation process we have developed an automation software, which is particularly helpful for complex library designs and which grants excellent repeatability of experiments. Efficient and fast characterization of the obtained libraries is realized by (i) a purely optical setup and (ii) an electro-optical setup. (i) The UV/vis reader FLASHScan 530 permits to map out the UV/vis absorbance or fluorescence of the whole library. The UV/vis absorbance is primarily used to determine layer thicknesses and to confirm thickness uniformity across larger regions. The fluorescence measurements are used to determine the composition of layers containing fluorescent dyes. (ii) For a detailed short- and long-term electro-optical analysis we have developed an automated measurement system, which allows the characterization of 8x8 optoelectronic devices and to study their degradation behavior. Both solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes can be tested. Finally, we have developed a data analysis software to extract characteristic values from the huge amount of data and with this facilitate the finding of systematic dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Neuber
- Makromolekulare Chemie I und Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung (BIMF), Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Abstract
We show that noncovalently bound dye molecules can be used as labels in single-molecule fluorescence experiments for the determination of aggregate formation in standard surfactant systems. Aqueous solutions of sulfosuccinic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester sodium salt, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, and pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether have been studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy using commercially available dyes. The translational diffusion coefficient and the critical micelle concentrations have been determined and compare well to values reported in the literature. The respective charges of the surfactant and of the dye molecule are crucial for the effectiveness of the presented method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Zettl
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Zettl H, Zettl U, Krausch G, Enderlein J, Ballauff M. Direct observation of single molecule mobility in semidilute polymer solutions. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2007; 75:061804. [PMID: 17677291 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.75.061804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We determine the mobility of dye-labeled polystyrene molecules in solution by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) over a wide range of concentrations and molecular weights (ranging from 3.9 x 10{3} to 1550 x 10{3} g/mol ). In order to obtain absolute values of the diffusion coefficient, which can be compared to diffusion coefficients determined by other methods, the size of the focal volume has been determined by independent experiments and theoretical calculations. All data demonstrate that FCS is uniquely suited to explore polymer dynamics in solution. The mobility of the chains as expressed through the self-diffusion coefficient is significantly slowed down above the overlap concentration c{*}. The dependence of c{*} on molecular weight is well described by the power law c{*} proportional, variant M{w};{1-3nu} ( nu: Flory exponent). A comparison with the data taken from the literature demonstrates that the overlap concentration presents a robust concept that holds for a wide range of molecular weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Zettl
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Colombani O, Ruppel M, Schubert F, Zettl H, Pergushov DV, Müller AHE. Synthesis of Poly(n-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(acrylic acid) Diblock Copolymers by ATRP and Their Micellization in Water. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0609578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Colombani
- Makromolekulare Chemie II, Physikalische Chemie II, and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany, and Department of Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Markus Ruppel
- Makromolekulare Chemie II, Physikalische Chemie II, and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany, and Department of Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Frank Schubert
- Makromolekulare Chemie II, Physikalische Chemie II, and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany, and Department of Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Heiko Zettl
- Makromolekulare Chemie II, Physikalische Chemie II, and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany, and Department of Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Pergushov
- Makromolekulare Chemie II, Physikalische Chemie II, and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany, and Department of Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Makromolekulare Chemie II, Physikalische Chemie II, and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany, and Department of Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
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Rau O, Zettl H, Popescu L, Steinhilber D, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. [New targets and drugs for treatment of lipid metabolism disorders]. Pharm Unserer Zeit 2007; 36:142-8. [PMID: 17425000 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.200600213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Rau
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt
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Zettl H, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Siebert CD. [From cocaine to innovative antiemetics. The medicinal chemistry of 5-ht3 receptor antagonists]. Pharm Unserer Zeit 2007; 36:354-61. [PMID: 17722162 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.200700231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Zettl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt
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John Bosco S, Zettl H, Crassous JJ, Ballauff M, Krausch G. Interactions between Methyl Cellulose and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate in Aqueous Solution Studied by Single Molecule Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0616920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. John Bosco
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany, and Physikalische Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - H. Zettl
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany, and Physikalische Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - J. J. Crassous
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany, and Physikalische Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M. Ballauff
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany, and Physikalische Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - G. Krausch
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany, and Physikalische Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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