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Ravaux B, Garroum N, Perez E, Willaime H, Gourier C. A specific flagellum beating mode for inducing fusion in mammalian fertilization and kinetics of sperm internalization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31886. [PMID: 27539564 PMCID: PMC4990900 DOI: 10.1038/srep31886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The salient phases of fertilization are gamete adhesion, membrane fusion, and internalization of the spermatozoon into the oocyte but the precise timeline and the molecular, membrane and cell mechanisms underlying these highly dynamical events are far from being established. The high motility of the spermatozoa and the unpredictable location of sperm/egg fusion dramatically hinder the use of real time imaging optical techniques that should directly provide the dynamics of cell events. Using an approach based on microfluidics technology, the sperm/egg interaction zone was imaged with the best front view, and the timeline of the fertilization events was established with an unparalleled temporal accuracy from the onset of gamete contact to full sperm DNA decondensation. It reveals that a key element of the adhesion phase to initiate fusion is the oscillatory motion of the sperm head on the oocyte plasma membrane generated by a specific flagellum-beating mode. It also shows that the incorporation of the spermatozoon head is a two steps process that includes simultaneous diving, tilt, and plasma membrane degradation of the sperm head into the oocyte and subsequent DNA decondensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ravaux
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Superieure/PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nabil Garroum
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Superieure/PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eric Perez
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Superieure/PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Willaime
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christine Gourier
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Superieure/PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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Agostoni V, Chalati T, Horcajada P, Willaime H, Anand R, Semiramoth N, Baati T, Hall S, Maurin G, Chacun H, Bouchemal K, Martineau C, Taulelle F, Couvreur P, Rogez-Kreuz C, Clayette P, Monti S, Serre C, Gref R. Towards an improved anti-HIV activity of NRTI via metal-organic frameworks nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:1630-7. [PMID: 23776182 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale mesoporous iron carboxylates metal-organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) have recently emerged as promising platforms for drug delivery, showing biodegradability, biocompatibility and important loading capability of challenging highly water-soluble drugs such as azidothymidine tryphosphate (AZT-TP). In this study, nanoMOFs made of iron trimesate (MIL-100) were able to act as efficient molecular sponges, quickly adsorbing up to 24 wt% AZT-TP with entrapment efficiencies close to 100%, without perturbation of the supramolecular crystalline organization. These data are in agreement with molecular modelling predictions, indicating maximal loadings of 33 wt% and preferential location of the drug in the large cages. Spectrophotometry, isothermal titration calorimetry, and solid state NMR investigations enable to gain insight on the mechanism of interaction of AZT and AZT-TP with the nanoMOFs, pointing out the crucial role of phosphates strongly coordinating with the unsaturated iron(III) sites. Finally, contrarily to the free AZT-TP, the loaded nanoparticles efficiently penetrate and release their cargo of active triphosphorylated AZT inside major HIV target cells, efficiently protecting against HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Agostoni
- Institut Galien, UMR 8612 CNRS Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Ammar H, Garnier B, Ould el Moctar A, Willaime H, Monti F, Peerhossaini H. Thermal analysis of chemical reactions in microchannels using highly sensitive thin-film heat-flux microsensor. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Schneider MH, Willaime H, Tran Y, Rezgui F, Tabeling P. Wettability Patterning by UV-Initiated Graft Polymerization of Poly(acrylic acid) in Closed Microfluidic Systems of Complex Geometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8848-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101345m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc H. Schneider
- ESPCI, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Schlumberger, 1 Rue Henri Becquerel, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Hervé Willaime
- ESPCI, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Schlumberger, 1 Rue Henri Becquerel, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Yvette Tran
- ESPCI, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Schlumberger, 1 Rue Henri Becquerel, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Fadhel Rezgui
- ESPCI, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Schlumberger, 1 Rue Henri Becquerel, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Patrick Tabeling
- ESPCI, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Schlumberger, 1 Rue Henri Becquerel, 92140 Clamart, France
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Malloggi F, Pannacci N, Attia R, Monti F, Mary P, Willaime H, Tabeling P, Cabane B, Poncet P. Monodisperse colloids synthesized with nanofluidic technology. Langmuir 2010; 26:2369-2373. [PMID: 19916489 DOI: 10.1021/la9028047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Limitations in the methods employed to generate micrometric colloidal droplets hinder the emergence of key applications in the fields of material science and drug delivery. Through the use of dedicated nanofluidic devices and by taking advantage of an original physical effect called capillary focusing, we could circumvent some of these limitations. The nanofluidic (i.e., submicrometric) devices introduced herein are made of soft materials, and their fabrication relies upon rapid technologies. The objects that we have generated are simple droplets, multiple droplets, particles, and Janus particles whose sizes lie between 900 nm and 3 microm (i.e., within the colloidal range). Colloidal droplets have been assembled on-chip into clusters and crystals, yielding discrete diffraction patterns. We illustrate potential applications in the field of drug delivery by demonstrating the ability of multiple droplets to be phagocytosed by murine macrophage-type cells.
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Pannacci N, Bruus H, Bartolo D, Etchart I, Lockhart T, Hennequin Y, Willaime H, Tabeling P. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium states in microfluidic double emulsions. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:164502. [PMID: 18999673 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.164502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe experimental and theoretical studies dedicated to establishing the physics of formation of double droplets in microfluidic systems. We show that the morphologies (complete engulfing, partial engulfing, and nonengulfing) obtained at late times minimize the interfacial energy of the system. We explain that nonequilibrium morphologies generated in the system can have long lifetimes. Remarkably, the physics of formation of the double droplets with microfluidics allows the synthesis of particles with new morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pannacci
- Laboratoire MMN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/ESPCI, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, France
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Barbier V, Willaime H, Tabeling P, Jousse F. Producing droplets in parallel microfluidic systems. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2006; 74:046306. [PMID: 17155172 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.74.046306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of two microfluidic droplets emitters placed in parallel. We observe complex dynamical behavior, including synchronization, quasiperiodicity, and chaos. This dynamics has a considerable impact on the properties of the resulting emulsions: chaotic and quasi-periodic regimes give rise to polydispersed emulsions with poorly controllable characteristics, whereas synchronized regimes generate well-controlled monodispersed emulsions. We derive a dynamical model that reproduces the trends observed in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Barbier
- Theorie et microfluidique, ESPCI 10, rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France
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Willaime H, Barbier V, Kloul L, Maine S, Tabeling P. Arnold tongues in a microfluidic drop emitter. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:054501. [PMID: 16486936 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.054501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Revised: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Letter reports an experimental study of microfluidic droplets produced in T junctions and subjected to a local periodic forcing. Synchronized and quasiperiodic regimes--organized into Arnold tongues and devil staircases--are reported for the first time for a system dedicated to drop emission. The nature of the dynamical regime controls the droplet characteristics. These phenomena are mostly controlled by the characteristics of the forcing and the flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Willaime
- MMN lab, CNRS-ESPCI, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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Moisy F, Willaime H, Andersen JS, Tabeling P. Passive scalar intermittency in low temperature helium flows. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:4827-4830. [PMID: 11384358 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.4827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report new measurements of mixing of passive temperature field in a turbulent flow. The use of low temperature helium gas allows us to span a range of microscale Reynolds number, R(lambda), from 100 to 650. The exponents xi(n) of the temperature structure functions </straight theta(x+r)-straight theta(x)/(n)> approximately r(xi(n)) are shown to saturate to xi(infinity) approximately 1.45+/-0.1 for the highest orders, n approximately 10. This saturation is a signature of statistics dominated by frontlike structures, the cliffs. Statistics of the cliffs' characteristics are performed, particularly their widths are shown to scale as the Kolmogorov length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Moisy
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, ENS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Tabeling P, Zocchi G, Belin F, Maurer J, Willaime H. Probability density functions, skewness, and flatness in large Reynolds number turbulence. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1996; 53:1613-1621. [PMID: 9964423 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.53.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Zocchi G, Tabeling P, Maurer J, Willaime H. Measurement of the scaling of the dissipation at high Reynolds numbers. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1994; 50:3693-3700. [PMID: 9962422 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.3693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Willaime H, Cardoso O, Tabeling P. Spatiotemporal intermittency in lines of vortices. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1993; 48:288-295. [PMID: 9960592 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.48.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Tabeling P, Burkhart S, Cardoso O, Willaime H. Experimental study of freely decaying two-dimensional turbulence. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 67:3772-3775. [PMID: 10044822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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