1
|
The impact of acute skeletal muscle loss after gastrointestinal cancer surgery on physical function. PM R 2023; 15:184-191. [PMID: 35077013 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Significant skeletal muscle loss occurs commonly after cancer surgery; however, the impact of postoperative acute skeletal muscle loss on physical function remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of surgery-associated acute skeletal muscle wasting on physical function in the early postoperative period in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. DESIGN A single-center retrospective observational study. SETTING General hospital. PATIENTS Hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal cancer who were admitted for surgery. INTERVENTION Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome was the partial correlation between postoperative changes in skeletal muscle index (SMI) and physical function such as handgrip strength, gait speed, and 6-minute walk test. RESULTS A total of 69 patients (41 male and 28 female) with a mean age of 70.5 years were included. SMI was significantly correlated with physical function, such as handgrip strength (r = 0.757, p < .001), maximum gait speed (r = 0.318, p = .008), and 6-minute walk test (r = 0.365, p = .002) before surgery. In contrast, partial correlation analysis between the absolute changes in SMI and physical function after controlling for SMI and each physical function before surgery showed no significant correlation. Multivariable linear regression analyses also showed that postoperative change in SMI was not significantly associated with the postoperative change in physical function but it was associated with the length of stay after surgery, SMI at admission, and absolute change in body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS The absolute change in SMI during the early postoperative period was not linearly correlated with the degree of decline in physical function. Further studies are necessary to investigate the effects of the respective changes in skeletal muscle mass and physical function on clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
2
|
Association between postextubation dysphagia and physical function in survivors of critical illness: A retrospective study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:147-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
3
|
Resistance Exercise After Laparoscopic Surgery Enhances Improvement in Exercise Tolerance in Geriatric Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer. Cureus 2021; 13:e15454. [PMID: 34258117 PMCID: PMC8256392 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early mobilization after cancer surgery is generally recommended. However, the effects of postoperative resistance exercise during a hospital stay have been rarely investigated. This study aimed to clarify the effects of resistance exercise after laparoscopic surgery on exercise tolerance and skeletal muscle mass in geriatric patients with gastrointestinal cancer. METHODS This single-center retrospective observational study included patients with gastrointestinal cancer who admitted for laparoscopic surgery. Exercise tolerance and skeletal muscle mass were assessed using a six-minute walking test (6MWT) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) at admission and discharge, respectively. Intergroup comparisons of absolute changes in 6MWT and SMI were analyzed by the unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney U test according to whether resistance exercise was performed or not. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to analyze the association of resistance exercise with changes in 6MWT and SMI. The analyses were adjusted for age, sex, cancer stage, postoperative complication, and preoperative exercise tolerance and skeletal muscle mass. RESULTS Altogether, 66 patients (mean age 69.9 years; 60.6% men) were recruited. Of them, 72.7% performed the resistance exercise and started at a median of 4.5 postoperative days. There were no significant intergroup differences in absolute changes in the 6MWT and the SMI (p = 0.153, p = 0.476, respectively). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that resistance exercise was independently and positively associated with the 6MWT at discharge (β = 1.70, 95% confidence interval, 1.88 to 71.09) and did not significantly contribute to the SMI at discharge (95% confidence interval, -0.21 to 0.27). CONCLUSION Resistance exercise may enhance the improvement in postoperative exercise tolerance in geriatric patients with gastrointestinal cancer who underwent laparoscopic surgery.
Collapse
|
4
|
The associations between nutritional status, physical function and skeletal muscle mass of geriatric patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 41:318-324. [PMID: 33487284 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nutritional status is associated with physical function and body composition. However, these relationships in patients with colorectal cancer remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status, physical function, and skeletal muscle mass in geriatric patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS Preoperative patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer were recruited for this cross-sectional observational study. The correlations were calculated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and the intergroup differences in physical function and skeletal muscle mass between categories according to nutritional assessment were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS We recruited 127 patients (median age 71.0 years). Hand grip strength was correlated with geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) (male: p = 0.033; female: p = 0.014), albumin (male: p = 0.014; female: p = 0.003), and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score (male: p = 0.004; female: p = 0.011) in both gender, and correlated with body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.027) in male patients. Psoas volume index (PVI) was positively correlated with BMI (male: p = 0.005; female: p < 0.001). In addition, intergroup comparisons for categories according to BMI showed PVI was significantly lower in the malnutrition category (male: p = 0.017; female: p < 0.001). Albumin and CONUT score were correlated with five-times sit-to-stand test (male: p = 0.011; female: p = 0.049, male: p = 0.031; female: p = 0.012, respectively) and short physical performance battery (male: p = 0.065; female: p = 0.028, male: p = 0.002; female: p = 0.006, respectively). Moreover, patients in lower albumin category had longer time on 5-times sit-to-stand test (male: p = 0.018; female: p = 0.009) and had lower scores on short physical performance battery (male: p = 0.027; female: p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS Hand grip strength correlated with various nutritional assessment tools, and PVI was correlated with BMI in particular. Five-times sit-to-stand test and short physical performance battery were correlated with serum albumin concentration and CONUT score. Physical function and skeletal muscle mass are associated with nutritional status, and hand grip strength might be more strongly associated with nutritional status.
Collapse
|
5
|
Perioperative physical and nutritional therapy for tongue cancer-induced malnutrition and muscle atrophy: A case report. Phys Ther Res 2020; 23:87-91. [PMID: 32995107 DOI: 10.1298/ptr.e9997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is a common complication in patients with tongue cancer who experience dysphagia and can steadily lead to skeletal muscle atrophy. Additionally, skeletal muscle loss commonly occurs in patients after invasive surgery. Therefore, patients with tongue cancer are at high risk of skeletal muscle atrophy during the perioperative phase of treatment. Over time, physical and nutritional therapy are expected to increase skeletal muscle mass and improve nutritional status. However, immediate benefits for patients in the perioperative phase of treatment are largely unknown. This case report aimed to evaluate the combined effects of physical and nutritional therapy for a patient in the perioperative phase of treatment for tongue cancer. We describe a 48-year-old woman diagnosed with tongue cancer. Her increasing difficulty with eating and swallowing led to malnutrition. After hospital admission for oral surgery, physical and nutritional therapy were initiated. Skeletal muscle mass measured by body composition analyzer and ultrasound apparatus showed increases, whereas blood tests to indicate nutritional status showed no improvement. This case suggests that physical and nutritional therapy are effective for increasing skeletal muscle during perioperative phase treatment in malnourished patients with tongue cancer and assessment of skeletal muscle mass is a reliable method for clinical evaluation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Preliminary study: Measurement of ion beam energy spreads produced by a Penning ionization gauge-type ion source using electromagnets for a mega-electron volt compact ion microbeam system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:043304. [PMID: 32357747 DOI: 10.1063/1.5132301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The energy spreads of ion beams generated from a penning ionization gauge-type ion source with electromagnets were measured using a parallel electrostatic analyzer. The ion source was developed to be installed in a mega-electron volt (MeV) compact ion microbeam system. A gaseous ion beam of expectedly high brightness and narrow energy spread was generated from the ion source to form a microbeam. To produce such an ion beam, a high-density plasma with a small volume was generated using a strong magnetic field in the ion source. The beam energy spread width was of particular importance because it forms an ion microbeam by reducing the chromatic aberration at a focusing lens. In this report, the energy spread was investigated by changing the parameters of the ion source, e.g., extraction voltage, excitation current of electromagnets, vacuum, and anode voltage. The investigation showed that spread widths are influenced by the extraction voltage, vacuum, and anode voltage. The minimum width of ∼5.0 ± 0.1 eV was obtained at a beam energy of 200 eV. This value is acceptable for the MeV compact ion microbeam system.
Collapse
|
7
|
Investigation of the time interval of plasma generation for a high repetition rate laser ion source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:033305. [PMID: 32259964 DOI: 10.1063/1.5130999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To apply a laser ion source that generates a high-intensity pulsed beam to high-dose applications, such as ion implantation, a high repetition rate operation with a short pulse interval is required. However, when the pulse interval is shortened, there is a concern that a plasma, which is different from a single pulse plasma generation, may be formed due to the interaction between the preceding and following pulses. We investigated the time interval in which plasma pulses are generated without pulse-to-pulse interaction using a laser ion source with two lasers. In the experiment, a graphite target was irradiated by two laser beams (1064-nm wavelengths) with the same pulse widths (5.4 ns) and energies (15 mJ, 30 mJ, and 45 mJ) at different time intervals ranging from 1000 μs to 0 µs, and the time integrated value corresponding to the total charge amount was calculated from the measured time-of-flight signal of the generated carbon ion current. It was observed that the total charge did not change when the time interval was as low as approximately 100 µs, and the total charge rapidly decreased when the time interval was below approximately 100 µs. Thus, it was determined that the interaction occurs within a time interval of approximately 100 µs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Low-charge-state ion production by a laser ion source for the TIARA ion implanter. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:013305. [PMID: 32012598 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ion implanters require various kinds of heavy-ion beams in low-charge states for material science experiments. For this purpose, a laser ion source has been developed for the ion implanter at Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application. In this study, we investigated the particle number of ions per laser pulse for each charge state in the laser-produced carbon plasma. In the experiment, the carbon plasma was generated from a graphite target using a Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm wavelength, 5 ns pulse width) at a laser energy of 37.5 mJ, 28.3 mJ, or 15.6 mJ. The particle number of ions in the plasma was evaluated from the time-integrated value of each ion-charge-state's current signal by placing the focusing lens at various positions. We found that the particle number of carbon ions was the highest for singly charged ions at all laser energies, with particle number in the order of 1010 ions obtained at a 1-m distance from the target surface.
Collapse
|
9
|
A unique phenotype of acquired Glanzmann thrombasthenia due to non-function-blocking anti-αIIbβ3 autoantibodies. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:206-219. [PMID: 30388316 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Acquired Glanzmann thrombasthenia (aGT) is generally caused by function-blocking antibodies (Abs). We demonstrated a unique aGT case due to marked reduction of αIIbβ3 with anti-αIIbβ3 Abs. The anti-αIIbβ3 Abs of the patient did not inhibit platelet function but reduced surface αIIbβ3. Internalization of αIIbβ3 induced by the Abs binding may be responsible for the phenotype. SUMMARY: Background Acquired Glanzmann thrombasthenia (aGT) is a bleeding disorder generally caused by function-blocking anti-αIIbβ3 autoantibodies. Aim We characterize an unusual case of aGT caused by marked reduction of surface αIIbβ3 with non-function-blocking anti-αIIbβ3 antibodies (Abs). Methods A 72-year-old male suffering from immune thrombocytopenia since his 50s showed exacerbation of bleeding symptom despite mild thrombocytopenia. Platelet aggregation was absent with all agonists but ristocetin. Analysis of αIIbβ3 expression and genetic analysis were performed. We also analyzed effects of anti-αIIbβ3 Abs of the patient on platelet function and αIIbβ3 expression. Results Surface αIIbβ3 expression was markedly reduced to around 5% of normal, whereas his platelets contained αIIbβ3 to the amount of 40-50% of normal. A substantial amount of fibrinogen was also detected in his platelets. There were no abnormalities in ITGA2B and ITGB3 cDNA. These results indicated that reduced surface αIIbβ3 expression caused a GT phenotype, and active internalization of αIIbβ3 was suggested. Anti-αIIbβ3 IgG Abs were detected in platelet eluate and plasma. These Abs did not inhibit PAC-1 binding, indicating that the Abs were non-function-blocking. Surface αIIbβ3 expression of a megakaryocytic cell line and cultured megakaryocytes tended to be impaired by incubation with the patient's Abs. After 2 years of aGT diagnosis, his bleeding symptom improved and surface αIIbβ3 expression was recovered to 20% of normal with reduction of anti-αIIbβ3 Abs. Conclusion We demonstrated a unique aGT phenotype due to marked reduction of surface αIIbβ3. Internalization induced by anti-αIIbβ3 Abs may be responsible in part for the phenotype.
Collapse
|
10
|
Effects of Helium Ions on Hydrogen Isotope Behavior in Tungsten. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst09-a8881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
11
|
A novel triple secured technique for pancreatic reconstruction following pancreaticoduodenectomy for a soft pancreas. HEPATO-GASTROENTEROLOGY 2014; 61:469-474. [PMID: 24901164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Soft pancreases are susceptible to developing pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy. To reduce the incidence of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with a soft pancreas, we developed a triple secured technique. In this study, we describe the details of this technique and also report on the postoperative outcomes. METHODOLOGY The triple secured technique employed an ultrasonic dissector for pancreatic transection with skeletonizing and ligating of the small pancreatic branch ducts, duct-invagination or duct-to-mucosa anastomosis for main pancreatic duct management, and, finally, four large stitches between the pancreatic stump parenchyma and the jejunal seromuscular layer to prevent minor pancreatic leakage. A total of 28 consecutive patients with a soft pancreas who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy using our technique were included in this study. RESULTS Postopetrative complications occurred in 16 patients. Grade B pancreatic fistula developed in 6 patients. However, no grade C pancreatic fistula occurred in this series. Neither any reoperation nor in-hospital mortality was observed in this series. CONCLUSIONS Our triple secured technique after pancreaticoduodenectomy was feasible and safe, with an acceptable rate of grade B pancreatic fistula and no grade C pancreatic fistula for patients with a soft pancreas.
Collapse
|
12
|
A transverse emittance and acceptance measurement system in a low-energy beam transport line. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:02A735. [PMID: 24593469 DOI: 10.1063/1.4858175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A transverse beam emittance and acceptance measurement system has been developed to visualize the relationship between the injected beam emittance and the acceptance of a cyclotron. The system is composed of a steering magnet, two pairs of slits to limit the horizontal and vertical phase-space, a beam intensity detector just behind the slits for the emittance measurement, and a beam intensity detector in the cyclotron for the acceptance measurement. The emittance is obtained by scanning the slits and measuring the beam intensity distribution. The acceptance is obtained by measuring the distribution of relative beam transmission by injecting small emittance beams at various positions in a transverse phase-space using the slits. In the acceptance measurement, the beam from an ion source is deflected to the defined region by the slits using the steering magnet so that measurable acceptance area covers a region outside the injection beam emittance. Measurement tests were carried out under the condition of accelerating a beam of (16)O(6+) from 50.2 keV to 160 MeV. The emittance of the injected beam and the acceptance for accelerating and transporting the beam to the entrance of the extraction deflector were successfully measured. The relationship between the emittance and acceptance is visualized by displaying the results in the same phase-plane.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The etiology of achalasia is believed to be the neuropathy associated with chronic inflammation of the nerve plexus, but the cause of plexus inflammation is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pathophysiology of achalasia by examining the muscularis externa of the esophagus. We used the muscularis externa of the esophagus of 62 patients with achalasia (median 44 years, male : female 32:30) who underwent surgical treatment (achalasia group) and of 10 patients (median 65.5 years, male : female 9:1) who underwent esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer (control group) to perform immunohistochemical staining with S-100, CD43, c-kit (CD117), n-NOS, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and ubiquitin. The cell counts that were positive for S-100, n-NOS, VIP, and ubiquitin were significantly lower in the achalasia group compared with the control group (P < 0.001, P= 0.001, P < 0.001, and P= 0.001, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences with respect to CD43 and c-kit staining (P= 0.586 and P= 0.209, respectively). In conclusion, the pathophysiology of achalasia is therefore considered to be an impaired production of NO and VIP, which both affect interstitial cell of Cajal and smooth muscles, and this impairment is therefore considered to play a role in the pathophysiology of achalasia.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bleeding tendency and impaired platelet function in a patient carrying a heterozygous mutation in the thromboxane A2 receptor. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:1040-8. [PMID: 21342433 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thromboxane A(2) receptor (TXA(2)R) abnormality appears to dominantly disturb platelet function. OBJECTIVES To reveal a molecular genetic defect in a patient with TXA(2)R abnormality and investigate the mechanism for the impaired response to TXA(2). PATIENT The proband (OSP-2, PT) was a 7-year-old Japanese girl, suffering from repeated mucocutaneous bleeding. METHODS AND RESULTS U46619 (2.5 and 10 μm)-induced platelet aggregation was remarkably impaired in the proband and her father. Immunoblots showed that TXA(2)R expression levels in their platelets were approximately 50% of controls, and nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that they were heterozygous for a novel mutation, c.167dupG in the TXA(2)R cDNA. Expression studies using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells indicated that the mutation is responsible for the expression defect in TXA(2)R. We then examined α(IIb)β(3) activation by employing an initial velocity analysis and revealed that U46619 failed to induce a sustained α(IIb)β(3) and Rap1B activation in the proband. In addition, platelet secretion as monitored by P-selectin expression was markedly impaired in response to U46619 but not to ADP. The interaction between secreted ADP and P2Y(12) has been shown to play a critical role in the sustained α(IIb)β(3) activation (Kamae et al. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 1379). As expected, small amounts of exogenous ADP (0.5 μm) partially restored the sustained α(IIb)β(3) activation induced by U46619. CONCLUSION Our present data strongly suggest that the impaired platelet activation in response to U46619 in the heterozygous subject for the TXA(2)R mutation is, at least in part, as a result of the decrease in ADP secretion.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ulcers and gastritis. Endoscopy 2011; 43:26-9. [PMID: 21154215 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
|
16
|
A novel nonsecosteroidal VDR agonist (CH5036249) exhibits efficacy in a spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia beagle model. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121:204-7. [PMID: 20304062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To date, there have been no reports showing the efficacy of nonsecosteroidal vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists in a benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) animal model. To examine the efficacy of CH5036249, a novel nonsecosteroidal VDR agonist, we orally administered the compound at 0.03 microg/kg to a beagle model with spontaneous BPH. Prostate volume was checked by rectal ultrasonic probe periodically during 11 months of administration and the prostate tissues histologically examined. CH5036249 inhibited prostate growth in two out of three dogs compared with vehicle-treated dogs. In the prostate specimens, substantial atrophy of the epithelium was observed in all dogs administered CH5036249. At the dose given, serum calcium levels slightly increased in the CH5036249-treated dogs but stayed within a normal range. We next examined the cell growth inhibition of CH5036249 using human prostate stromal cells and found the cell growth inhibitory activity of CH5036249 to be comparable to that of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. The bioavailability from oral administration in rats was 95.1% with a t1/2 of 17.6 h. Both micro-AMES and micronucleus tests were negative. Although the results are still preliminary, we consider the novel nonsecosteroidal VDR agonist CH5036249 to be a possible new drug candidate for the treatment of BPH in humans.
Collapse
|
17
|
[Anti-reflux procedure]. KYOBU GEKA. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC SURGERY 2010; 63:749-753. [PMID: 20715453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We introduced surgical indication, laparoscopic technique and procedure, management after surgery, and postoperative complication for gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD). Several points of laparoscopic fundoplication for GERD are shown below. 1) Exposure of abdominal esophagus: downward exposure is recommended in order to avoid postoperative dysphagia like achalasia. 2) Dissection of short gastric vessels: this procedure warrant free tension of gastric fundus at fundoplication. 3) Crural repair: create appropriate size of hiatus. 4) Fundoplication: we should do shoe shine maneuver and drop test to confirm free tension of fundus. 5) Shoulder stitch and anchor stitch: this procedure are needed to avoid dislocation of gastric fundus.
Collapse
|
18
|
Roles of prostanoids in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. INT ANGIOL 2010; 29:19-27. [PMID: 20357745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The roles of prostanoids in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and in the development of pathological conditions have been examined using mice lacking the individual, specific prostanoid receptor. Prostaglandin (PG) I2 protected the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury in a model of acute myocardial infarction. In addition, PGI2 suppressed the development of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Aside from its potent vasodilatory action, PGI2 contributed critically to the development of renovascular hypertension via the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Thromboxane (TX) A2 and PGF2alpha were found to be the mediators of inflammatory tachycardia under a systemic inflammatory condition induced by lipopolysaccharide. Under a septic condition leading to a vascular hypo-responsive state, TXA2 worked to maintain vascular tone by inhibiting the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mice lacking the PGE2 receptor subtype EP3 had a bleeding tendency and were resistant to thromboembolism, due to a defective activation of platelets. From these studies, the important and novel roles of prostanoids in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases have been clarified.
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Laser ion source: a direct plasma injection scheme for two-beam type interdigital-H radio frequency quadrupole linac. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:02A502. [PMID: 20192357 DOI: 10.1063/1.3265316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We developed a laser ion source using a direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS) as an injection system for a two-beam type radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac with an interdigital-H (IH) type cavity. The laser ion source in the DPIS is directly connected to the RFQ cavity without the low energy beam transport system. We achieved a high current C(2+) beam above 60 mA per beam channel from the ion source. The beam will be injected to the two-beam type IH-RFQ linac, and the linac will generate a beam current of approximately 44 mA per beam channel.
Collapse
|
21
|
Drift distance survey in direct plasma injection scheme for high current beam production. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:02B723. [PMID: 20192463 DOI: 10.1063/1.3298845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In a laser ion source, plasma drift distance is one of the most important design parameters. Ion current density and beam pulse width are defined by plasma drift distance between a laser target and beam extraction position. In direct plasma injection scheme, which uses a laser ion source and a radio frequency quadrupole linac, we can apply relatively higher electric field at beam extraction due to the unique shape of a positively biased electrode. However, when we aim at very high current acceleration such as several tens of milliamperes, we observed mismatched beam extraction conditions. We tested three different ion current at ion extraction region by changing plasma drift distance to study better extraction condition. In this experiment, C(6+) beam was accelerated. We confirmed that matching condition can be improved by controlling plasma drift distance.
Collapse
|
22
|
Particle simulation for direct plasma injection in a radio frequency quadrupole matching section. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:02B726. [PMID: 20192466 DOI: 10.1063/1.3318208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have been investigating direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS) for high-intensity heavy-ion beam acceleration. In the DPIS, laser-produced plasma is directly injected into a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac. To study the beam dynamics of the ion injection in the DPIS, we tracked particle motions in the RFQ matching section using three-dimensional particle-in-cell method. As a result of the numerical simulation, we found that the electrostatic field generated by the extraction electrode reduces the transmission efficiency. To avoid the radially defocusing force, the input beam into the RFQ has to be initially convergent. In the DPIS, further optimization of the plasma density is required for better matching.
Collapse
|
23
|
Presence of platelet-associated anti-glycoprotein (GP)VI autoantibodies and restoration of GPVI expression in patients with GPVI deficiency. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:1373-83. [PMID: 19522742 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycoprotein (GP)VI deficiency is a rare platelet disorder with a mild bleeding tendency. However, its pathophysiology remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We characterized a novel GPVI-deficient patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura and searched for the presence of anti-GPVI autoantibodies in this and another patient with GPVI deficiency. METHODS AND RESULTS A 12-year-old Japanese girl (case 1) with moderate thrombocytopenia and mild bleeding showed selectively impaired collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that the patient had a defect in the expression of GPVI-FcRgamma. An eluate of her platelet-associated IgG contained anti-alpha(IIb)beta3 autoantibodies. Moreover, using GPVI-FcRgamma-transfected cells, we unexpectedly identified anti-GPVI antibodies against the soluble ectodomain of GPVI in the eluate, despite the patient's GPVI deficiency. In contrast, anti-GPVI antibodies were not detectable in her plasma. In another case of GPVI deficiency (case 2) without detectable plasma anti-GPVI antibodies, we again detected platelet-associated anti-GPVI antibodies. In a 2-year follow-up of case 1, the platelet count increased to within the normal range and the bleeding tendency improved. Interestingly, GPVI was again expressed on her platelets, in association with a decrease in the relative amount of anti-GPVI antibodies. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration of platelet-associated anti-GPVI antibodies in GPVI-deficient subjects, in one case with spontaneous restoration of GPVI expression. These results strongly suggest an autoimmune mechanism in GPVI deficiency.
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Direct plasma injection scheme in accelerators. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:02B314. [PMID: 18315180 DOI: 10.1063/1.2821590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The idea of direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS) was proposed in 2000. This new technique has been studied and proven to accelerate intense ion beams. To provide medium mass ions with highly charged states, small tabletop solid lasers were used for plasma production. Based on the measured plasma properties, aluminum and carbon ions were accelerated with more than 60 mA of current. The next experiments will use an radio frequency quadrupole designed for q/m=1/6 and explore beam productions using targets up to silver, and future work will explore production up to uranium. The DPIS has been established and is ready to be used with various accelerators which require pulsed high current, high charge state ion beams.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Five papers, discussing important topics related to ulcer and gastritis, have been selected for review here. The papers, which include some excellent systematic reviews and meta-analyses, were published between July 2005 and August 2006.
Collapse
|
27
|
Prediction of recurrence after laparoscopic fundoplication for erosive reflux esophagitis based on anatomy–function–pathology (AFP) classification. Surg Endosc 2006; 21:427-30. [PMID: 17180277 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-006-9059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The usefulness of the anatomy-function-pathology (AFP) score was examined to evaluate its prediction of recurrence after laparoscopic fundoplication for erosive reflux esophagitis. METHODS Of the patients undergoing laparoscopic fundoplication for erosive reflux esophagitis of Los Angeles classification grade A or higher from December 1994 to December 2004, 107 who underwent preoperative barium esophagogram, pH monitoring, and endoscopy were selected as subjects. The AFP score was calculated by A, F, and P factor grades of the AFP classification. By comparing patients with and without recurrence, the usefulness of the AFP score for predicting recurrence was examined. RESULTS Reflux esophagitis recurred in seven patients. No significant difference in age, sex, or A or F factor was observed between the groups, whereas a significant difference was observed in the P factor (p = 0.008). On the other hand, the mean AFP score in the recurrence group was 16.9 +/- 5.3, whereas that in the nonrecurrence group was 8.9 +/- 5.3 (p = 0.0021). Among the patients with a score of 17 points or more (n = 23), recurrence was found in 6 patients (26%). On the other hand, among the patients with a score lower than 17 points (n = 84), recurrence was found in 1 patient, but not in the remaining 83 patients (1%). Sensitivity was thus 85.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42.1-99.6), and specificity was 83% (95% CI, 74.2-89.8). The positive predictive value was 26.1% (95% CI, 10.2-48.4), and the negative predictive value was 98.8% (95% CI, 93.5-99.9). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed, and receiver operating characteristics curves were obtained. The area under the curve for the AFP score was 0.8457, whereas that for the P factor was 0.7907 (p = 0.0045), suggesting that the AFP score may more accurately predict recurrence than the P factor. CONCLUSION The AFP score may be useful for predicting postoperative recurrence. If surgery is performed when the AFP score is lower than 17 points, the likelihood of postoperative recurrence is expected to be very low.
Collapse
|
28
|
Familial clustering in subgroups of gastric cancer stratified by histology, age group and location. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006; 32:743-8. [PMID: 16762526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the risk of gastric cancer in a Japanese patient population with the disease by stratification with histology, age, tumour location and the association with family history of gastric or non-gastric tumours. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 1400 consecutive patients with gastric cancer and 13,467 age- and gender-matched controls from a pre-recorded database using conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS Young patients (< or = 43 years of age) with gastric cancer of intestinal type had a strong association with family history of gastric cancer in first degree-relatives (OR=12.5). Moreover, when a history of gastric cancer was observed in both parents, there was an increased risk of gastric cancer intestinal type (OR=7.8), more commonly in the proximal and mid-stomach. In contrast, there was an increased risk of diffuse-type cancer when both parents suffered non-gastric cancers (OR=2.1). CONCLUSION These data suggest that the degree of familial clustering differ in gastric cancer subgroups stratified by histology, age, and stomach location in this Japanese population.
Collapse
|
29
|
Critical role of ADP interaction with P2Y12 receptor in the maintenance of alpha(IIb)beta3 activation: association with Rap1B activation. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4:1379-87. [PMID: 16706985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.01941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet integrin alpha(IIb)beta3 plays a crucial role in platelet aggregation, and the affinity of alpha(IIb)beta3 for fibrinogen is dynamically regulated. Employing modified ligand-binding assays, we analyzed the mechanism by which alpha(IIb)beta3 maintains its high-affinity state. METHODS AND RESULTS Washed platelets adjusted to 50 x 10(3) microL(-1) were stimulated with 0.2 U mL(-1) thrombin or 5 microm U46619 under static conditions. After the completion of alpha(IIb)beta3 activation and granule secretion, different kinds of antagonists were added to the activated platelets. The activated alpha(IIb)beta3 was then detected by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled PAC1. The addition of 1 mum AR-C69931MX (a P2Y12 antagonist) or 1 mm A3P5P (a P2Y1 antagonist) disrupted the sustained alpha(IIb)beta3 activation by approximately 92% and approximately 38%, respectively, without inhibiting CD62P or CD63 expression. Dilution of the platelet preparation to 500 microL(-1) also disrupted the sustained alpha(IIb)beta3 activation, and the disruption by such dilution was abrogated by the addition of exogenous adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) in a dose-dependent fashion. The amounts of ADP released from activated platelets determined by high-performance liquid chromatography were compatible with the amounts of exogenous ADP required for the restoration. We next examined the effects of antagonists on protein kinase C (PKC) and Rap1B activation induced by 0.2 U mL(-1) thrombin. Thrombin induced long-lasting PKC and Rap1B activation. AR-C69931MX markedly inhibited Rap1B activation without inhibiting PKC activation. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the continuous interaction between released ADP and P2Y12 is critical for the maintenance of alpha(IIb)beta3 activation.
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication for the treatment of achalasia. Surg Endosc 2005; 20:210-3. [PMID: 16328672 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-005-0365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication (LHD) for the treatment of achalasia in relation to the severity of the lesion has not been sufficiently assessed. METHODS Of patients who were diagnosed with achalasia from August 1994 to February 2004, 55 individuals who underwent LHD served as subjects. The therapeutic effects of LHD were assessed in terms of operation time, intraoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay, and symptom improvement in relation to morphologic type (spindle type, Sp; flask type, Fk; and sigmoid type, Sig). Degree of symptomatic improvement was classified into four grades: excellent, good, fair, and poor. RESULTS Breakdown of morphologic type was as follows: Sp, n = 29; Fk, n = 18; and Sig, n = 8. Excluding one patient for whom conversion to open surgery was required, median average operation time for 54 patients was 160 min. As to intraoperative complications, esophageal mucosal perforation was seen in nine of the 55 patients (16%); however, conversion to open surgery could be avoided by suturing the affected area. Moreover, intraoperative bleeding of at least 100 g was seen in five of the 55 patients (9%), with one Fk patient requiring conversion to open surgery and transfusion. Median postoperative hospital stay was 8 days. Degree of dysphagia relief was excellent in 45 patients (83%), good in eight patients (15%), and fair in one patient (2%). Excellent improvement was obtained in 90%, 88%, and 50% in Sp, Fk, and Sig patients, respectively. Reflux esophagitis was seen in two patients, and was treated with a proton pump inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that classification of morphologic type is a useful parameter in predicting postoperative outcome in achalasia. In order to achieve excellent symptomatic relief, surgery for achalasia should be recommended for but not limited to Sp and Fk types.
Collapse
|
32
|
Impaired platelet function in a patient with P2Y12 deficiency caused by a mutation in the translation initiation codon. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:2315-23. [PMID: 16194207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have identified a patient (OSP-1) with a congenital P2Y12 deficiency showing a mild bleeding tendency from her childhood and examined the role of P2Y12 in platelet function. At low concentrations of agonists OSP-1 platelets showed an impaired aggregation to several kinds of stimuli, whereas at high concentrations they showed a specifically impaired platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). ADP normally induced platelet shape change and failed to inhibit PGE1-stimulated cAMP accumulation in OSP-1 platelets. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that OSP-1 was a homozygous for a mutation in the translation initiation codon (ATG to AGG) in the P2Y12 gene. Heterologous cell expression of wild-type or mutant P2Y12 confirmed that the mutation was responsible for the deficiency in P2Y12. OSP-1 platelets showed a markedly impaired platelet spreading onto immobilized fibrinogen. Real-time observations of thrombogenesis under a high shear rate (2000 s(-1)) revealed that thrombi over collagen were small and loosely packed and most of the aggregates were unable to resist against high shear stress in OSP-1. Our data suggest that secretion of endogenous ADP and subsequent P2Y12-mediated signaling are critical for platelet aggregation, platelet spreading, and as a consequence, for stabilization of thrombus.
Collapse
|
33
|
Phase I study of a weekly schedule of fixed-dose paclitaxel and escalating doses of cisplatin for recurrent or unresectable gastric cancer in Japan. Am J Clin Oncol 2005; 28:242-7. [PMID: 15923795 DOI: 10.1097/01.coc.0000158437.92000.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The authors objective was to determine the toxicities and maximum tolerated dose of a dose-dense schedule of fixed-dose paclitaxel and escalating doses of cisplatin in patients with recurrent or unresectable carcinoma of the stomach. On days 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, and 43, patients received a fixed dose of paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 over 1 hour after a short premedication) followed by a 30-minute infusion of cisplatin at dose levels of 7, 15, 20, and 25 mg/m2. Six patients were treated at each dose level, except for the dose of 25 mg/m2 cisplatin. All the patients were assessed for toxicity and 17 patients (81%) were evaluated for response. The cisplatin dose could be escalated to 25 mg/m2. At the dose of 80 mg/m2 paclitaxel and 25 mg/m2 cisplatin, all 3 patients developed dose-limiting toxicity of the gastrointestinal tract. There were no treatment-related deaths. Leukopenia grades 3 or 4 was seen in 5 patients (11.1%), but infectious complications were not encountered. Other toxicities were mild and easily managed. Weekly paclitaxel at a dose of 80 mg/m2 infused over 1 hour, followed by an infusion of 20 mg/m2 cisplatin is recommended for further study in patients with recurrent or unresectable gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
This article reviews recently published reports on ulcers and gastritis. Helicobacter pylori is known to be an important pathogen involved in gastroduodenal inflammation and peptic ulcers. Conventional endoscopy is of limited usefulness in the evaluation of gastritis, but magnifying endoscopy is evidently helpful in the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and H. pylori infection. A significant reduction in the incidence of refractory ulcers and the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease followed the introduction of H. pylori eradication treatment. Chronic H. pylori infection is associated with gastric cancer, and the effect of H. pylori eradication on the prevention of gastric cancer is an important issue that is still a matter of controversy. Endoscopic hemostasis and intravenous proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) infusion represent a widely accepted approach to the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding. In clinical practice, it is important to prevent recurrent bleeding and to treat patients who do not respond to endoscopic therapy or PPI treatment. Laparoscopic repair for peptic ulcer perforations, with postoperative eradication treatment, has gradually met with acceptance in patients with H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection and its treatment continue to be interesting problems in this field.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
WAVE isoforms, which consist of WAVE-1, WAVE-2 and WAVE-3, are members of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family. They are implicated in the regulation of actin-cytoskeletal reorganization downsteam of the small GTPase, Rac. Since platelet attachment to extracellular matrices leads to filopodial and lamellipodial extension, we examined the expression and subcellular localization of WAVEs in platelets. Employing primary megakaryocytic cells derived from cord blood as well as megakaryocytic cell lines, we also examined their expression during megakaryocytic differentiation. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that platelets expressed WAVE-1 and WAVE-2, whereas WAVE-3 expression was hardly to be detected. WAVE-1 expression was associated with megakaryocytic differentiation, whereas WAVE-2 and WAVE-3 expression was not changed by the differentiation. In adhered platelets both WAVE-1 and WAVE-2 were localized at the edge of the lamellipodia and at the tips of filopodia. In WASP-deficient platelets we found normal lamellipodial formation and localization of WAVE-1 and WAVE-2 at the edges of lamellipodia. Furthermore, we demonstrated that WAVE-1 and WAVE-2 moved from a detergent-soluble cytosolic fraction to insoluble cytoskeleton fraction after platelet aggregation. These results suggest that WAVE-1 and WAVE-2 regulate actin reorganization during platelet spreading and aggregate formation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Activation of integrin alpha IIb beta 3 in the glycoprotein Ib-high population of a megakaryocytic cell line, CMK, by inside-out signaling. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2:177-86. [PMID: 14717982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2003.00529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Affinity/avidity state of integrin alpha IIb beta 3 is regulated by intracellular inside-out signaling. Although several megakaryocytic cell lines have been established, soluble ligand binding to alpha IIb beta 3 expressed in these cells by cellular agonists has not been demonstrated. We have re-examined agonist-induced alpha IIb beta 3 activation on megakaryocytic cell lines with a marker of the late stage of megakaryocytic differentiation, glycoprotein Ib (GPIb). Activation of alpha IIb beta 3 was assessed by PAC1 and soluble fibrinogen binding to the cells. We found that alpha IIb beta 3 expressed in CMK cells with high GPIb expression was activated by a phorbor ester, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Although the population of the GPIbhigh cells was <0.5% of the total cells, incubation with a nucleoside analog, ribavirin, efficiently increased the PMA-reactive GPIbhigh cells. Not only PMA but also a calcium ionophore, A23187, induced alpha IIb beta 3 activation, and PMA and A23187 had an additive effect on alpha IIb beta 3 activation. Ligand binding to the activated alpha IIb beta 3 in the GPIbhigh CMK cells is totally abolished by an alpha IIb beta 3-specific antagonist, and inhibited by wortmannin, cytochalasin-D and prostaglandin E1, and the effects of these inhibitors on alpha IIb beta 3 activation in the GPIbhigh CMK cells were compatible with those in platelets. We have also demonstrated that the ribavirin-treated CMK cells express PKC-alpha, -beta, -delta and -theta, and suggested that PKC-alpha and/or -beta appear to be responsible for PMA-induced activation of alpha IIb beta 3 in CMK cells.
Collapse
|
37
|
Process of destruction of large unilamellar vesicles by a nonionic detergent, octylglucoside, and size growth factor in vesicle formation from phospholipid?detergent mixed micelles. Colloid Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-003-0919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
38
|
Successful second allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusion in patients with relapsed acute leukemia using the same donors as for the initial allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 31:1057-9. [PMID: 12774060 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report the successful treatment of two acute lympho- blastic leukemia (ALL) patients who relapsed following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) with allogeneic peripheral blood sem cell transplantation(allo-PBSCT) and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) from the same HLA-identical related donors as those used for the first allo-BMT. The patients relapsed on days 154 and 351 from the initial allo-BMT, respectively. Since conventional reinduction chemotherapy failed, allo-PBSCT was undertaken while the patients were still myelosuppressed immediately after reinduction chemotherapy. To induce and/or enhance GVL effects following allo-PBSCT, we performed rapid tapering of CsA and added DLI. After allo-PBSCT and DLI, the patients maintained their complete remission at 55 and 48 months post allo-PBSCT, respectively. From these findings, allo-PBSCT and DLI may be a useful treatment strategy for acute leukemia relapsing after allo-BMT.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
This article reviews recently published literature regarding ulcers and gastritis. Although endoscopy is the most useful procedure for diagnosis in the upper gastrointestinal tract, complications do occur, and procedure-related costs are significant. The appropriate indication for endoscopy has recently been debated. Helicobacter pylori is known to be an important pathogen involved in gastric and duodenal inflammation. Peptic ulcer disease and severe gastric mucosal injury are caused by virulent strains, and many reports have focused on CagA. Follow-up studies on surveillance endoscopy in patients with peptic ulcer or gastritis report that patients with atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia are at significantly higher risk for gastric cancer. H. pylori eradication sometimes causes gastroduodenal erosion and reflux esophagitis, and the mechanisms involved have been revealed. Proton-pump inhibitors are useful in the treatment of ulcers caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), reflux esophagitis, and for preventing rebleeding after endoscopic hemostasis, but the effect of long-term acid suppression on the gastric mucosa is still a matter of debate. H. pylori infection and NSAID intake are both risk factors for peptic ulcer disease, and are important aspects in this field.
Collapse
|
40
|
2P-0478 Analysis of Arg-Gly-Asp-contact sites in the αv subunit of integrin αvβ3 employing single amino acid mutations. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)90620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
41
|
Abstract
Since the ultrasonically activated scalpel (UAS) incorporates multiple functions, we have used it for hepatectomies. The present study discusses the noteworthy points and problems of use, and shows initial results. Intraoperative ultrasonography is an important tool for comprehending the positional relationship between the plane of division and the main blood vessels. It allows initial adjustment of coagulation and cutting effects according to the rigidity of the liver parenchyma by means of variable ultrasound levels and exchangeable blade tips, and offers good visibility of the cut surface in deep sites as long as adequate tension on the tissue and an upper position for the blade are maintained. 30 patients underwent hepatectomies using the UAS. The amount of blood loss for lobectomy was significantly less than that for partial lobectomy in normal livers in addition to a significant difference between normal and damaged livers in each group according to the extent of resection. There were no serious complications seen in all cases during the operation. The incidence of positive bile leakage was high. It is recommended that bile leakage testing be carried out as thoroughly as possible. There were 3 postoperative bile fistulas and 1 postoperative hemorrhage. In conclusion, although a dramatic improvement in blood loss and shortened operating time could not be obtained in all procedures, the safety and usefulness were demonstrated in lobectomy. The UAS can be considered as a surgical device that can contribute to the efficiency of hepatectomy, depending on the indications selected.
Collapse
|
42
|
Platelet-associated anti-GPIIb-IIIa autoantibodies in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura recognizing epitopes close to the ligand-binding site of glycoprotein (GP) IIb. Blood 2001; 98:1819-27. [PMID: 11535516 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.6.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization of epitopes for platelet-associated (PA) anti-GPIIb-IIIa (alpha(IIb)beta(3)) autoantibodies in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura remains elusive. Previous studies suggest that PA antibodies recognize the tertiary structure of intact glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa. To localize their epitopes using antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the reactivity of 34 PA anti-GPIIb-IIIa antibodies was examined with recombinant GPIIb-IIIa having a defect in ligand-binding sites in either GPIIb or GPIIIa, and no major conformational change was induced: KO variant GPIIb-IIIa was attributed to a 2-amino acid insertion between residues 160 and 161 in the W3 4-1 loop in GPIIb, and CAM variant GPIIb-IIIa was attributed to D119Y in GPIIIa. In one third (11 of 34) of the patients, PA antibodies showed a marked decrease (less than 50%) in reactivity with KO compared with wild-type GPIIb-IIIa. Their reactivity was also impaired against GPIIbD163A-IIIa. In sharp contrast, they reacted normally with CAM GPIIb-IIIa. OP-G2, a ligand-mimetic monoclonal antibody, markedly inhibited their binding to GPIIb-IIIa in patients with impaired binding to KO GPIIb-IIIa, but small GPIIb-IIIa antagonists did not. In addition, a newly developed sensitive ELISA indicated that autoantibodies showing impaired binding to KO are more potent inhibitors for fibrinogen binding. The present data suggest that certain PA anti-GPIIb-IIIa autoantibodies recognize epitopes close to the ligand-binding site in GPIIb, but not in GPIIIa.
Collapse
|
43
|
[Efficacy and toxicity of lenograstim (glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) on peripheral blood stem cell harvest in healthy donors]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2001; 28:1105-9. [PMID: 11525026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood stem cell harvest with lenograstim (glycosylated rhG-CSF) was performed 12 times from 10 normal donors. Five micrograms/kg of lenograstim was administered subcutaneously twice a day (10 micrograms/kg/day) for 4 to 6 days, and apheresis was performed on day 5 to 7 depending on the collected CD 34+ cell counts. We collected a sufficient number of CD 34+ cells in 9 mobilizations from 7 donors less than 50 years of age, with a total number of collected CD 34+ cells in each mobilization of 22.1 +/- 6.5 x 10(7). In contrast, we could not obtain a sufficient number of CD 34+ cells in 2 mobilizations from 3 donors above 50 years of age, with a total number of collected CD 34+ cells of 9.8 +/- 3.3 x 10(7). Although all donors had adverse events in response to lenograstim administration, all of them were grade 2 or less toxicity. These results indicate that peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and apheresis by lenograstim is safe and well tolerated, but the risk of poor mobilization may become higher in donors more than 50 years of age.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several genetic alterations have been documented in dysplasia and cancer developing in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the microsatellite instability (MSI) status has rarely been described, especially in the inflamed epithelium of UC. AIMS To study MSI status during neoplastic and inflammatory changes in UC. METHODS Seventy five surgically resected samples of colorectal mucosa, taken from 16 colectomy specimens of patients with UC were examined: five patients had a long duration with dysplasia or cancer (UC-LD with neoplasm), seven patients had a long duration without neoplastic changes (UC-LD without neoplasm), and four patients had a short duration without neoplastic changes (UC-SD). In addition to MSI status examined by six microsatellite markers, p53 expression was compared among the three groups. RESULTS With regard to non-neoplastic inflamed epithelium, MSI in two or more loci (MSI> or =2) was seen more frequently in the UC-LD without neoplasm group than in the UC-SD group (six of 14 v one of 12; p = 0.060), and significantly more often than in the UC-LD with neoplasm group (six of 14 v two of 23; p = 0.016). In the UC-LD without neoplasm group, MSI> or =2 was detected significantly more frequently in patients with severe inflammation than in those with mild inflammation (six of nine v none of five; p = 0.028). With regard to neoplastic epithelium in the UC-LD with neoplasm group, MSI in two or more loci was found in three of 17, and p53 overexpression was seen in 11 of 17 of the neoplastic lesions. CONCLUSIONS A high incidence of MSI in long standing UC with severe inflammation probably reflects genomic instability caused by repeated inflammatory stress. Thus, the influence of inflammation should be considered when estimating MSI in UC. It is possible that changes in p53 expression are important in the development of cancer in UC.
Collapse
|
45
|
Carcinoma of the urinary bladder with a lymphomatous appearance. Pathol Int 2001; 51:555-9. [PMID: 11472569 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2001.01239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We present the first report of bladder carcinoma that demonstrates a mixture of two distinct histological patterns resembling malignant lymphoma. The patient was a 79-year-old man. One of the histological patterns was a diffuse growth of monomorphic carcinoma cells, and the other was a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, obscuring the carcinoma. The tumor cells showing both patterns expressed cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, but not lymphoid markers. Careful immunohistochemical evaluation should be done when diagnosing urinary bladder carcinomas resembling lymphomas (other than primary lymphomas).
Collapse
|
46
|
Solitary colonic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma 9 years after nephrectomy: report of a case. Int J Colorectal Dis 2001; 16:193-4. [PMID: 11459294 DOI: 10.1007/s003840000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
47
|
Analyses of genetic abnormalities in type I CD36 deficiency in Japan: identification and cell biological characterization of two novel mutations that cause CD36 deficiency in man. Hum Genet 2001; 108:459-66. [PMID: 11499670 DOI: 10.1007/s004390100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate genetic abnormalities in type I CD36 deficiency, we analyzed 28 Japanese subjects whose platelets and monocytes/macrophages lacked CD36 on their surface. We identified two novel mutations in the CD36 gene. One was a complex deletion/insertion mutation, in which 3 bp, GAG, were deleted at nucleotide (nt) 839-841, and 5 bp, AAAAC, were inserted at the same position (839-841del-->insAAAAC). Mutation 839-841del-->insAAAAC led to a frameshift and appearance of a premature stop codon; it was also accompanied with a marked reduction in the amount of CD36 mRNA. The other was a 12-bp deletion at nt 1438-1449 (1438-1449del) accompanied with or without skipping of exon 9 (nt 959-1028). Mutation 1438-1449del led to an inframe 4-amino-acid deletion, whereas exon 9 skipping led to a frameshift and the appearance of a premature stop codon. Expression assay revealed that both 1438-1449del and exon 9 skipping directly caused impairment of the surface expression of CD36. A survey of the five known mutations including 839-841del-->insAAAAC and 1438-1449del in type I CD36-deficient subjects demonstrated that the five mutations covered more than 90% of genetic defects among them and that the substitution of T for C at nt 478 (478C-->T) was the most common mutation with more than 50% frequency. However, none of the four subjects that possessed isoantibodies against CD36 had 478C-->T, suggesting that 478C-->T prevents the production of isoantibodies against CD36.
Collapse
|
48
|
Diagnostic value of tests for reticulated platelets, plasma glycocalicin, and thrombopoietin levels for discriminating between hyperdestructive and hypoplastic thrombocytopenia. Am J Clin Pathol 2001; 115:656-64. [PMID: 11345828 DOI: 10.1309/raw2-0lqw-8ytx-941v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured reticulated platelets (RPs) and plasma glycocalicin (GC) and thrombopoietin (TPO) levels simultaneously in 107 thrombocytopenic patients to clarify the diagnostic value of these tests for discriminating hyperdestructive from hypoplastic thrombocytopenia. The percentage of RPs and GC index (plasma GC level normalized for the individual platelet count) were markedly elevated in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) but normal or slightly elevated in patients with aplastic anemia (AA) or chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (ChemoT). For RP percentage for diagnosing hyperdestructive thrombocytopenia the sensitivity and specificity were excellent but were lower for the GC index. Absolute RP counts and plasma GC levels were markedly decreased and plasma TPO levels markedly elevated in patients with AA or ChemoT, but absolute RP counts and plasma GC levels were moderately decreased and plasma TPO levels only slightly elevated in patients with ITP. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma TPO levels for diagnosing hypoplastic thrombocytopenia were excellent. Using the RP percentage and plasma TPO levels in combination improved specificities. Simultaneous measurement of RP percentage and plasma TPO level may help discriminate thrombocytopenia of unknown cause in routine hematologic practice.
Collapse
|
49
|
Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma with endocrine differentiation: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses. Anticancer Res 2001; 21:2131-4. [PMID: 11501836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The majority of pancreatic malignant tumors are adenocarcinomas of the ductal type (ductal cell carcinomas) and combined tumors consisting of different tumor components are very rare. We present here a rare case of acinar cell carcinoma with apparent foci of endocrine differentiation. A 46-year-old man underwent pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy under the diagnosis of pancreatic tumor. The pancreatic tumor was mainly composed of typical acinar cell carcinoma, but some tumor cells were positive for both acinar and endocrine cell markers such as pancreatic amylase, trypsin, lipase and chromogranin A. At the electron-microscopic level, the tumor cells were seen to have numerous electron-dense neuroendocrine, as well as a few zymogen-like, granules. The tumor part positive for both acinar and endocrine cell markers originated from a subclone (dis-differentiated tumor cells) of the typical acinar cell carcinoma tissue of the pancreas.
Collapse
|
50
|
MUC1 and MUC2 expression in human gallbladder carcinoma: a clinicopathological study and relationship with prognosis. Oncol Rep 2001; 8:485-9. [PMID: 11295067 DOI: 10.3892/or.8.3.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucins are a group of high molecular weight glycoproteins consisting of a mucin core protein and O-linked carbohydrates. To date, nine apomucins (MUC1-8, and MUC5B) have been identified. Recent studies have demonstrated that MUC1 is expressed in tumors of various human organs, and may function as an anti-adhesion molecule that inhibits cell-to-cell adhesion, inducing tumor metastasis. MUC2 is a major secreted mucin of colon and is known to be expressed in cells showing intestinal metaplasia in the stomach and other organs. MUC2 expression in the mucosal epithelia is an apparently abnormal phenomenon related to the neoplastic process. In this study, we examined MUC1 and MUC2 expression in human gallbladder adenocarcinoma and its clinicopathological significance and relationship with the prognosis of the patients. MUC1 immunoreactivity was detected not only in the cancer cells but also in the cancer stroma. Cytoplasmic MUC1 expression was significantly relation to lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), and was associated with a poor outcome. In contrast, MUC2 was rarely expressed in gallbladder carcinomas, and its immunoreactivity was detected only in the cancer goblet cells. Overexpression of MUC2 was not significantly related to lymphatic invasion or lymph node metastasis, or prognosis of patients. These observations suggested that MUC1 expression plays a more important role than MUC2 expression in cancer cell growth and metastasis of human gallbladder adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
|