1
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Wong KF, Li W, Wang Z, Wanie V, Månsson E, Hoeing D, Blöchl J, Nubbemeyer T, Azzeer A, Trabattoni A, Lange H, Calegari F, Kling MF. Far-Field Petahertz Sampling of Plasmonic Fields. Nano Lett 2024; 24:5506-5512. [PMID: 38530705 PMCID: PMC11082926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The response of metal nanostructures to optical excitation leads to localized surface plasmon (LSP) generation with nanoscale field confinement driving applications in, for example, quantum optics and nanophotonics. Field sampling in the terahertz domain has had a tremendous impact on the ability to trace such collective excitations. Here, we extend such capabilities and introduce direct sampling of LSPs in a more relevant petahertz domain. The method allows to measure the LSP field in arbitrary nanostructures with subcycle precision. We demonstrate the technique for colloidal nanoparticles and compare the results to finite-difference time-domain calculations, which show that the build-up and dephasing of the plasmonic excitation can be resolved. Furthermore, we observe a reshaping of the spectral phase of the few-cycle pulse, and we demonstrate ad-hoc pulse shaping by tailoring the plasmonic sample. The methodology can be extended to single nanosystems and applied in exploring subcycle, attosecond phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Fu Wong
- The
Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Weiwei Li
- Max
Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85478 Garching, Germany
- Physics
Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
Munich, Am Coulombwall
1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Zilong Wang
- Max
Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85478 Garching, Germany
- Physics
Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
Munich, Am Coulombwall
1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Vincent Wanie
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erik Månsson
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Hoeing
- The
Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Blöchl
- Max
Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85478 Garching, Germany
- Physics
Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
Munich, Am Coulombwall
1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Nubbemeyer
- Max
Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85478 Garching, Germany
- Physics
Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
Munich, Am Coulombwall
1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Abdallah Azzeer
- Attosecond
Science Laboratory, Physics and Astronomy Department, King-Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Trabattoni
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute
of Quantum Optics, Leibniz Universität
Hannover, Welfengarten
1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- The
Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Intitute
of Physics and Astronomy, Universität
Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Francesca Calegari
- The
Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias F. Kling
- Max
Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85478 Garching, Germany
- Physics
Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
Munich, Am Coulombwall
1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Stanford
PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, 2575 Sand
Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Applied
Physics Department, Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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2
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Wengler-Rust S, Staechelin YU, Lange H, Weller H. Electron Donor-Specific Surface Interactions Promote the Photocatalytic Activity of Metal-Semiconductor Nanohybrids. Small 2024:e2401388. [PMID: 38634407 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In the past two decades, the application of colloidal semiconductor-metal nanoparticles (NPs) as photocatalysts for the hydrogen generation from water has been extensively studied. The present body of literature studies agrees that the photocatalytic yield strongly depends on the electron donating agent (EDA) added for scavenging the photogenerated holes. The highest reported hydrogen production rates are obtained in the presence of ionic EDAs and at high pH. The large hydrogen production rates are attributed to fast hole transfer from the NP onto the EDAs. However, the present discussions do not treat the influence of EDA-specific surface interactions. This systematic study focuses on that aspect by combining steady-state hydrogen production measurements with time-resolved and static optical spectroscopy, employing 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid-capped, Pt-tipped CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods in the presence of a large set of EDAs. Based on the experimental results, two distinct EDA groups are identified: surface-active and diffusion-limited EDAs. The largest photocatalytic efficiencies are obtained in the presence of surface-active EDAs that induce an agglomeration of the NPs. This demonstrates that the introduction of surface-active EDAs can significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of the NPs, despite reducing their colloidal stability and inducing the formation of NP networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soenke Wengler-Rust
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yannic U Staechelin
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer IAP-CAN, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Hoeing D, Salzwedel R, Worbs L, Zhuang Y, Samanta AK, Lübke J, Estillore AD, Dlugolecki K, Passow C, Erk B, Ekanayake N, Ramm D, Correa J, Papadopoulou CC, Noor AT, Schulz F, Selig M, Knorr A, Ayyer K, Küpper J, Lange H. Time-Resolved Single-Particle X-ray Scattering Reveals Electron-Density Gradients As Coherent Plasmonic-Nanoparticle-Oscillation Source. Nano Lett 2023. [PMID: 37350548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of optically excited plasmonic nanoparticles are presently understood as a series of scattering events involving the initiation of nanoparticle breathing oscillations. According to established models, these are caused by statistical heat transfer from thermalized electrons to the lattice. An additional contribution by hot-electron pressure accounts for phase mismatches between theory and experimental observations. However, direct experimental studies resolving the breathing-oscillation excitation are still missing. We used optical transient-absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved single-particle X-ray diffractive imaging to access the electron system and lattice. The time-resolved single-particle imaging data provided structural information directly on the onset of the breathing oscillation and confirmed the need for an additional excitation mechanism for thermal expansion. We developed a new model that reproduces all of our experimental observations. We identified optically induced electron density gradients as the initial driving source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hoeing
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Robert Salzwedel
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Lena Worbs
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Yulong Zhuang
- Max Planck Institut for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Amit K Samanta
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Jannik Lübke
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Armando D Estillore
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Karol Dlugolecki
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Ramm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Jonathan Correa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | | | - Atia Tul Noor
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Malte Selig
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Andreas Knorr
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Kartik Ayyer
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Max Planck Institut for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Jochen Küpper
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
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4
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Salzwedel R, Knorr A, Hoeing D, Lange H, Selig M. Theory of radial oscillations in metal nanoparticles driven by optically induced electron density gradients. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:064107. [PMID: 36792515 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We provide a microscopic approach to describe the onset of radial oscillation of a silver nanoparticle. Using the Heisenberg equation of motion framework, we find that the coupled ultrafast dynamics of coherently excited electron occupation and the coherent phonon amplitude initiate periodic size oscillations of the nanoparticle. Compared to the established interpretation of experiments, our results show a more direct coupling mechanism between the field intensity and coherent phonons. This interaction triggers a size oscillation via an optically induced electron density gradient occurring directly with the optical excitation. This source is more efficient than the incoherent heating process currently discussed in the literature and well-describes the early onset of the oscillations in recent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Salzwedel
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Knorr
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Hoeing
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Selig
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Van Avermaet H, Schiettecatte P, Hinz S, Giordano L, Ferrari F, Nayral C, Delpech F, Maultzsch J, Lange H, Hens Z. Full-Spectrum InP-Based Quantum Dots with Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Efficiency. ACS Nano 2022; 16:9701-9712. [PMID: 35709384 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent color conversion by quantum dots (QDs) makes possible the formation of spectrum-on-demand light sources by combining blue LEDs with the light generated by a specific blend of QDs. Such applications, however, require a near-unity photoluminescence quantum efficiency since self-absorption magnifies disproportionally the impact of photon losses on the overall conversion efficiency. Here, we present a synthesis protocol for forming InP-based QDs with +90% quantum efficiency across the full visible spectrum from blue/cyan to red. The central features of our approach are as follows: (1) the formation of InP core QDs through one-batch-one-size reactions based on aminophosphine as the phosphorus precursor, (2) the introduction of a core/shell/shell InP/Zn(Se,S)/ZnS structure, and (3) the use of specific interfacial treatments, most notably the saturation of the ZnSe surface with zinc acetate prior to ZnS shell growth. Moreover, we adapted the composition of the Zn(Se,S) inner shell to attain the intended emission color while minimizing line broadening induced by the InP/ZnS lattice mismatch. The protocol is established by analysis of the QD composition and structure using multiple techniques, including solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and verified for reproducibility by having different researchers execute the same protocol. The realization of full-spectrum, +90% quantum efficiency will strongly facilitate research into light-matter interaction in general and luminescent color conversion in particular through InP-based QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Van Avermaet
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Pieter Schiettecatte
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Hinz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Luca Giordano
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Fabio Ferrari
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX-4 31077, France
| | - Céline Nayral
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX-4 31077, France
| | - Fabien Delpech
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX-4 31077, France
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
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6
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Zhuang Y, Awel S, Barty A, Bean R, Bielecki J, Bergemann M, Daurer BJ, Ekeberg T, Estillore AD, Fangohr H, Giewekemeyer K, Hunter MS, Karnevskiy M, Kirian RA, Kirkwood H, Kim Y, Koliyadu J, Lange H, Letrun R, Lübke J, Mall A, Michelat T, Morgan AJ, Roth N, Samanta AK, Sato T, Shen Z, Sikorski M, Schulz F, Spence JCH, Vagovic P, Wollweber T, Worbs L, Xavier PL, Yefanov O, Maia FRNC, Horke DA, Küpper J, Loh ND, Mancuso AP, Chapman HN, Ayyer K. Unsupervised learning approaches to characterizing heterogeneous samples using X-ray single-particle imaging. IUCrJ 2022; 9:204-214. [PMID: 35371510 PMCID: PMC8895023 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521012707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the outstanding analytical problems in X-ray single-particle imaging (SPI) is the classification of structural heterogeneity, which is especially difficult given the low signal-to-noise ratios of individual patterns and the fact that even identical objects can yield patterns that vary greatly when orientation is taken into consideration. Proposed here are two methods which explicitly account for this orientation-induced variation and can robustly determine the structural landscape of a sample ensemble. The first, termed common-line principal component analysis (PCA), provides a rough classification which is essentially parameter free and can be run automatically on any SPI dataset. The second method, utilizing variation auto-encoders (VAEs), can generate 3D structures of the objects at any point in the structural landscape. Both these methods are implemented in combination with the noise-tolerant expand-maximize-compress (EMC) algorithm and its utility is demonstrated by applying it to an experimental dataset from gold nanoparticles with only a few thousand photons per pattern. Both discrete structural classes and continuous deformations are recovered. These developments diverge from previous approaches of extracting reproducible subsets of patterns from a dataset and open up the possibility of moving beyond the study of homogeneous sample sets to addressing open questions on topics such as nanocrystal growth and dynamics, as well as phase transitions which have not been externally triggered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhuang
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Salah Awel
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anton Barty
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Benedikt J. Daurer
- Center for Bio-Imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - Tomas Ekeberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Armando D. Estillore
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Fangohr
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark S. Hunter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Richard A. Kirian
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | | | | | | | - Holger Lange
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jannik Lübke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Abhishek Mall
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J. Morgan
- Department of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nils Roth
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amit K. Samanta
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Zhou Shen
- Center for Bio-Imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - John C. H. Spence
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Patrik Vagovic
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Tamme Wollweber
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Worbs
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Lourdu Xavier
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Yefanov
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Filipe R. N. C. Maia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel A. Horke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jochen Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - N. Duane Loh
- Center for Bio-Imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117557, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Adrian P. Mancuso
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Henry N. Chapman
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kartik Ayyer
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Staechelin YU, Deffner M, Krohn S, Castillo Delgadillo C, Niehaus JS, Lange H. Carrier localization in zero-dimensional and one-dimensional CdSe–CdS heterostructures. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:061102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Deffner
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Holger Lange
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Tauchert SR, Volkov M, Ehberger D, Kazenwadel D, Evers M, Lange H, Donges A, Book A, Kreuzpaintner W, Nowak U, Baum P. Polarized phonons carry angular momentum in ultrafast demagnetization. Nature 2022; 602:73-77. [PMID: 35110761 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic phenomena are ubiquitous in nature and indispensable for modern science and technology, but it is notoriously difficult to change the magnetic order of a material in a rapid way. However, if a thin nickel film is subjected to ultrashort laser pulses, it loses its magnetic order almost completely within femtosecond timescales1. This phenomenon is widespread2-7 and offers opportunities for rapid information processing8-11 or ultrafast spintronics at frequencies approaching those of light8,9,12. Consequently, the physics of ultrafast demagnetization is central to modern materials research1-7,13-28, but a crucial question has remained elusive: if a material loses its magnetization within mere femtoseconds, where is the missing angular momentum in such a short time? Here we use ultrafast electron diffraction to reveal in nickel an almost instantaneous, long-lasting, non-equilibrium population of anisotropic high-frequency phonons that appear within 150-750 fs. The anisotropy plane is perpendicular to the direction of the initial magnetization and the atomic oscillation amplitude is 2 pm. We explain these observations by means of circularly polarized phonons that quickly absorb the angular momentum of the spin system before macroscopic sample rotation. The time that is needed for demagnetization is related to the time it takes to accelerate the atoms. These results provide an atomistic picture of the Einstein-de Haas effect and signify the general importance of polarized phonons for non-equilibrium dynamics and phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Tauchert
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - M Volkov
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - D Ehberger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - D Kazenwadel
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - M Evers
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - H Lange
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - A Donges
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - A Book
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department E21, Garching, Germany
| | - W Kreuzpaintner
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department E21, Garching, Germany.,Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, China
| | - U Nowak
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - P Baum
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany. .,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany.
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9
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Mueller NS, Pfitzner E, Okamura Y, Gordeev G, Kusch P, Lange H, Heberle J, Schulz F, Reich S. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering and Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption by Plasmon Polaritons in Three-Dimensional Nanoparticle Supercrystals. ACS Nano 2021; 15:5523-5533. [PMID: 33667335 PMCID: PMC7992191 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy strongly increases the cross section of Raman scattering and infrared absorption, overcoming the limited sensitivity and resolution of these two powerful analytic tools. While surface-enhanced setups with maximum enhancement have been studied widely in recent years, substrates with reproducible, uniform enhancement have received less attention although they are required in many applications. Here, we show that plasmonic supercrystals are an excellent platform for enhanced spectroscopy because they possess a high density of hotspots in the electric field. We describe the near field inside the supercrystal within the framework of plasmon polaritons that form due to strong light-matter interaction. From the polariton resonances we predict resonances in the far-field enhancement for Raman scattering and infrared absorption. We verify our predictions by measuring the vibrations of polystyrene molecules embedded in supercrystals of gold nanoparticles. The intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering is uniform within 10% across the crystal with a peak integrated enhancement of up to 300 and a peak hotspot enhancement of 105. The supercrystal polaritons induce pairs of incoming and outgoing resonances in the enhanced cross section as we demonstrate experimentally by measuring surface-enhanced Raman scattering with multiple laser wavelengths across the polariton resonance. The infrared absorption of polystyrene is likewise enhanced inside the supercrystals with a maximum enhancement of 400%. We show with a coupled oscillator model that the increase originates from the combined effects of hotspot formation and the excitation of standing polariton waves. Our work clearly relates the structural and optical properties of plasmonic supercrystals and shows that such crystals are excellent hosts and substrates for the uniform and predictable enhancement of vibrational spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas S. Mueller
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Pfitzner
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Okamura
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgy Gordeev
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patryk Kusch
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Heberle
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Marchand LJ, Dox I, Gričar J, Prislan P, Leys S, Van den Bulcke J, Fonti P, Lange H, Matthysen E, Peñuelas J, Zuccarini P, Campioli M. Inter-individual variability in spring phenology of temperate deciduous trees depends on species, tree size and previous year autumn phenology. Agric For Meteorol 2020; 290:108031. [PMID: 32817727 PMCID: PMC7304479 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We explored the inter-individual variability in bud-burst and its potential drivers, in homogeneous mature stands of temperate deciduous trees. Phenological observations of leaves and wood formation were performed weekly from summer 2017 to summer 2018 for pedunculate oak, European beech and silver birch in Belgium. The variability of bud-burst was correlated to previous' year autumn phenology (i.e. the onset of leaf senescence and the cessation of wood formation) and tree size but with important differences among species. In fact, variability of bud-burst was primarily related to onset of leaf senescence, cessation of wood formation and tree height for oak, beech and birch, respectively. The inter-individual variability of onset of leaf senescence was not related to the tree characteristics considered and was much larger than the inter-individual variability in bud-burst. Multi-species multivariate models could explain up to 66% of the bud-burst variability. These findings represent an important advance in our fundamental understanding and modelling of phenology and tree functioning of deciduous tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorène Julia Marchand
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2160Wilrijk, Belgium
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, 263 Av. du Général Leclerc, 35042Rennes, France
| | - Inge Dox
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2160Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Prislan
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sebastien Leys
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2160Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- Laboratory of Wood Technology, UGent-Woodlab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000Gent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Holger Lange
- NIBIO (Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Høgskoleveien 8, 1433Ås, Norway
| | - Erik Matthysen
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2160Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Paolo Zuccarini
- Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Matteo Campioli
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2160Wilrijk, Belgium
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11
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Dox I, Gričar J, Marchand LJ, Leys S, Zuccarini P, Geron C, Prislan P, Mariën B, Fonti P, Lange H, Peñuelas J, Van den Bulcke J, Campioli M. Timeline of autumn phenology in temperate deciduous trees. Tree Physiol 2020; 40:1001-1013. [PMID: 32348497 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cessation of xylem formation or wood growth (CWG) and onset of foliar senescence (OFS) are key autumn phenological events in temperate deciduous trees. Their timing is fundamental for the development and survival of trees, ecosystem nutrient cycling and the seasonal exchange of matter and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere, and affects the impact and feedback of forests to global change. A large-scale experimental effort and improved observational methods have allowed us to compare the timing of CWG and OFS for different deciduous tree species in Western Europe, particularly in silver birch, a pioneer species, and European beech, a late-succession species, at stands of different latitudes, of different levels of site fertility, for 2 years with contrasting meteorological and drought conditions, i.e., the low moderately dry 2017 and the extremely dry 2018. Specifically, we tested whether foliar senescence started before, after or concurrently with CWG. Onset of foliar senescence and CWG occurred generally between late September and early November, with larger differences across species and sites for OFS. Foliar senescence started concurrently with CWG in most cases, except for the drier 2018 and, for beech, at the coldest site, where OFS occurred significantly later than CWG. The behavior of beech in Spain, the southern edge of its European distribution, was unclear, with no CWG, but very low wood growth at the time of OFS. Our study suggests that OFS is generally triggered by the same drivers of CWG or when wood growth decreases in late summer, indicating an overarching mechanism of sink limitation as a possible regulator of the timing of foliar senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Dox
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lorène J Marchand
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), Université de Rennes, Campus Beaulieu, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, Rennes, France
| | - Sebastien Leys
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paolo Zuccarini
- Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charly Geron
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Faculty of Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Peter Prislan
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bertold Mariën
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Dendro-Sciences Research Unit, Subunit Palaeo-Ecology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Holger Lange
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Postboks 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matteo Campioli
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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12
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Schulz F, Pavelka O, Lehmkühler F, Westermeier F, Okamura Y, Mueller NS, Reich S, Lange H. Structural order in plasmonic superlattices. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3821. [PMID: 32732893 PMCID: PMC7393164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles into ordered 2D- and 3D-superlattices could pave the way towards new tailored materials for plasmonic sensing, photocatalysis and manipulation of light on the nanoscale. The properties of such materials strongly depend on their geometry, and accordingly straightforward protocols to obtain precise plasmonic superlattices are highly desirable. Here, we synthesize large areas of crystalline mono-, bi- and multilayers of gold nanoparticles >20 nm with a small number of defects. The superlattices can be described as hexagonal crystals with standard deviations of the lattice parameter below 1%. The periodic arrangement within the superlattices leads to new well-defined collective plasmon-polariton modes. The general level of achieved superlattice quality will be of benefit for a broad range of applications, ranging from fundamental studies of light-matter interaction to optical metamaterials and substrates for surface-enhanced spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ondřej Pavelka
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yu Okamura
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niclas S Mueller
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Mueller NS, Okamura Y, Vieira BGM, Juergensen S, Lange H, Barros EB, Schulz F, Reich S. Deep strong light–matter coupling in plasmonic nanoparticle crystals. Nature 2020; 583:780-784. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Hoeing D, Schulz F, Mueller NS, Reich S, Lange H. Dark plasmon modes for efficient hot electron generation in multilayers of gold nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:064710. [PMID: 32061229 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitation of dark plasmons, i.e., coupled plasmon modes with a vanishing net dipole, is expected to favor Landau damping over radiative damping. Dark plasmon excitation might, therefore, lead to an increased absorption of energy within gold nanoparticles, resulting in a strong generation of hot electrons compared to the generation via bright plasmons. We performed transient-absorption spectroscopy on gold nanoparticle films to assess the initial electronic temperature before thermalization. We observe a significant increase in the electron-phonon coupling time when dark plasmon modes are excited in these films. The results indicate an efficient energy absorption due to the suppressed radiative decay of dark plasmon modes and a subsequent energy transformation into hot electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hoeing
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niclas S Mueller
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Rodio M, Graf M, Schulz F, Mueller NS, Eich M, Lange H. Experimental Evidence for Nonthermal Contributions to Plasmon-Enhanced Electrochemical Oxidation Reactions. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rodio
- Hamburg Centre for Advanced Imaging of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Matthias Graf
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, Geesthacht D-21502, Germany
- Institute of Optical and Electronic Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 38, Hamburg D-21073, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Niclas S. Mueller
- Department of Physics, Freie Universitat Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Manfred Eich
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, Geesthacht D-21502, Germany
- Institute of Optical and Electronic Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 38, Hamburg D-21073, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Hamburg Centre for Advanced Imaging of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, Hamburg 20146, Germany
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16
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Rafipoor M, Tornatzky H, Dupont D, Maultzsch J, Tessier MD, Hens Z, Lange H. Strain in InP/ZnSe, S core/shell quantum dots from lattice mismatch and shell thickness—Material stiffness influence. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:154704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5124674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Rafipoor
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Tornatzky
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorian Dupont
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Institut für Physik der Kondensierten Materie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mickael D. Tessier
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Holger Lange
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Lehmkühler F, Schroer MA, Markmann V, Frenzel L, Möller J, Lange H, Grübel G, Schulz F. Kinetics of pressure-induced nanocrystal superlattice formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21349-21354. [PMID: 31531471 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04658e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals (NC) are known to self-organize into superlattices that promise many applications ranging from medicine to optoelectronics. Recently, the formation of high-quality PEGylated gold NC was reported at high hydrostatic pressure and high salt concentrations. Here, we study the formation kinetics of these superlattices after pressure jumps beyond their crystallisation pressure by means of small-angle X-ray scattering with few ms experimental resolution. The timescale of NC formation was found to be reduced the larger the width of the pressure jump. This is connected to an increase of crystal quality, i.e., the faster the NC superlattice forms, the better the crystal quality. In contrast to the formation kinetics, the melting of the NC superlattice is approximately one order of magnitude slower and shows linear kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena Markmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lara Frenzel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Holger Lange
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Lehmkühler F, Schulz F, Schroer MA, Frenzel L, Lange H, Grübel G. Local orientational order in self-assembled nanoparticle films: the role of ligand composition and salt. J Appl Crystallogr 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576719007568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An X-ray cross-correlation study of the local orientational order in self-assembled films made from PEGylated gold nanoparticles is presented. The local structure of this model system is dominated by four- and sixfold order. Coadsorption of shorter ligands in the particle's ligand layer and variation of salt concentration in the suspension prior to self-assembly result in a change of local orientational order. The degree of sixfold order is reduced after salt addition. This decrease of order is less pronounced for the fourfold symmetry. The results presented here suggest complex symmetry-selective order formation upon ligand exchange and salt addition and demonstrate the versatility of X-ray cross-correlation methods for nanoparticle superlattices.
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19
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Rafipoor M, Koll R, Merkl JP, Fruhner LS, Weller H, Lange H. Resonant Energy Transfer can Trigger Multiexciton Recombination in Dense Quantum Dot Ensembles. Small 2019; 15:e1803798. [PMID: 30589206 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Core/shell quantum dots/quantum rods are nanocrystals with typical application scenarios as ensembles. Resonance energy transfer is a possible process between adjacent nanocrystals. Highly excited nanocrystals can also relax energy by multiexciton recombination, competing against the energy transfer. The two processes have different dependencies and can be convolved, resulting in collective properties different from the superposition of the individual nanocrystals. A platform to study the interplay of energy transfer and multiexciton recombination is presented. CdSe/CdS quantum dot/quantum rods encapsulated in amphiphilic micelles with an interparticle distance control by spacer ligands are used for time-resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption experiments. At exciton populations around one, the ensemble starts to be in a state where energy transfer can trigger multiexciton Auger recombination, altering the collective dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Rafipoor
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rieke Koll
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Philip Merkl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Sarah Fruhner
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1), Institute for Complex Systems (ICS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Tremblay M, Kammer M, Lange H, Plattner S, Baumgartner C, Stegeman J, Duda J, Mansfeld R, Döpfer D. Prediction model optimization using full model selection with regression trees demonstrated with FTIR data from bovine milk. Prev Vet Med 2019; 163:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Mueller NS, Vieira BGM, Höing D, Schulz F, Barros EB, Lange H, Reich S. Direct optical excitation of dark plasmons for hot electron generation. Faraday Discuss 2019; 214:159-173. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the excitation of dark modes and creation of hot electrons using linearly polarized light and scalable, cost-effective plasmonic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno G. M. Vieira
- Department of Physics
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
- Departamento de Física
| | - Dominik Höing
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Hamburg
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Hamburg
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Eduardo B. Barros
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Hamburg
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Hamburg
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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Aeffner F, Faelan C, Moore SA, Moody A, Black JC, Charleston JS, Frank DE, Dworzak J, Piper JK, Ranjitkar M, Wilson K, Kanaly S, Rudmann DG, Lange H, Young GD, Milici AJ. Validation of a Muscle-Specific Tissue Image Analysis Tool for Quantitative Assessment of Dystrophin Staining in Frozen Muscle Biopsies. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2018; 143:197-205. [PMID: 30168727 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0536-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a rare, progressive, and fatal neuromuscular disease caused by dystrophin protein loss. Common investigational treatment approaches aim at increasing dystrophin expression in diseased muscle. Some clinical trials include assessments of novel dystrophin production as a surrogate biomarker of efficacy, which may predict a clinical benefit from treatment. OBJECTIVES.— To establish an immunofluorescent scanning and digital image analysis workflow that provides an objective approach for staining intensity assessment of the immunofluorescence dystrophin labeling and determination of the percentage of biomarker-positive fibers in muscle cryosections. DESIGN.— Optimal and repeatable digital image capture was achieved by a rigorously qualified fluorescent scanning process. After scanning qualification, the MuscleMap (Flagship Biosciences, Westminster, Colorado) algorithm was validated by comparing high-power microscopic field total and dystrophin-positive fiber counts obtained by trained pathologists to data derived by MuscleMap. Next, the algorithm was tested on whole-slide images of immunofluorescent-labeled muscle sections from Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, and control patients. RESULTS.— When used under the guidance of a trained pathologist, the digital image analysis tool met predefined validation criteria and demonstrated functional and statistical equivalence with manual assessment. This work is the first, to our knowledge, to qualify and validate immunofluorescent scanning and digital tissue image-analysis workflow, respectively, with the rigor required to support the clinical trial environments. CONCLUSIONS.— MuscleMap enables analysis of all fibers within an entire muscle biopsy section and provides data on a fiber-by-fiber basis. This will allow future clinical trials to objectively investigate myofibers' dystrophin expression at a greater level of consistency and detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Famke Aeffner
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - Crystal Faelan
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - Steven A Moore
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - Alexander Moody
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - Joshua C Black
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - Jay S Charleston
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - Diane E Frank
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - Johannes Dworzak
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - J Kris Piper
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - Manish Ranjitkar
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - Kristin Wilson
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - Suzanne Kanaly
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - Daniel G Rudmann
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - Holger Lange
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - G David Young
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
| | - Anthony J Milici
- From Flagship Biosciences Inc, Westminster, Colorado (Drs Aeffner, Faelan, Black, Wilson, Kanaly, Rudmann, Lange, Young, and Milici and Mr Moody); the Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Moore); and Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Drs Charleston and Frank and Messrs Dworzak, Piper, and Ranjitkar). Dr Moore is now with Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, and Dr Rudmann is now with Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio
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Schroer MA, Lehmkühler F, Möller J, Lange H, Grübel G, Schulz F. Pressure-Stimulated Supercrystal Formation in Nanoparticle Suspensions. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4720-4724. [PMID: 30070842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can self-organize into "supercrystals" with many potential applications. Different paths can lead to nanoparticle self-organization into such periodic arrangements. An essential step is the transition from an amorphous state to the crystalline one. We investigate how pressure can induce a phase transition of a nanoparticle model system in water from the disordered liquid state to highly ordered supercrystals. We observe reversible pressure-induced supercrystal formation in concentrated solutions of gold nanoparticles by means of small-angle X-ray scattering. The supercrystal formation occurs only at high salt concentrations in the aqueous solution. The pressure dependence of the structural parameters of the resulting crystal lattices is determined. The observed transition can be reasoned with the combined effect of salt and pressure on the solubility of the organic PEG shell that passivates the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) , Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Johannes Möller
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (XFEL) , 22869 Schenefeld , Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
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Tremblay M, Kammer M, Lange H, Plattner S, Baumgartner C, Stegeman J, Duda J, Mansfeld R, Döpfer D. Identifying poor metabolic adaptation during early lactation in dairy cows using cluster analysis. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7311-7321. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lange H, Sippel S, Rosso OA. Nonlinear dynamics of river runoff elucidated by horizontal visibility graphs. Chaos 2018; 28:075520. [PMID: 30070506 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Horizontal Visibility Graphs (HVGs) are a recently developed method to construct networks from time series. The values of the time series are considered as the nodes of the network and are linked to each other if there is no larger value between them, such as they can "see" each other. The network properties reflect the nonlinear dynamics of the time series. For some classes of stochastic processes and for periodic time series, analytical results can be obtained for network-derived quantities such as the degree distribution, the local clustering coefficient distribution, the mean path length, and others. HVGs have the potential to discern between deterministic-chaotic and correlated-stochastic time series. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of the HVG methodology to properties and pre-processing of real-world data, i.e., time series length, the presence of ties, and deseasonalization, using a set of around 150 runoff time series from managed rivers at daily resolution from Brazil with an average length of 65 years. We show that an application of HVGs on real-world time series requires a careful consideration of data pre-processing steps and analysis methodology before robust results and interpretations can be obtained. For example, one recent analysis of the degree distribution of runoff records reported pronounced sub-exponential "long-tailed" behavior of North American rivers, whereas another study of South American rivers showed hyper-exponential "short-tailed" behavior resembling correlated noise. We demonstrate, using the dataset of Brazilian rivers, that these apparently contradictory results can be reconciled by minor differences in data-preprocessing (here: small differences in subtracting the seasonal cycle). Hence, data-preprocessing that is conventional in hydrology ("deseasonalization") changes long-term correlations and the overall runoff dynamics substantially, and we present empirical consequences and extensive simulations to investigate these issues from a HVG methodological perspective. After carefully accounting for these methodological aspects, the HVG analysis reveals that the river runoff dataset shows indeed complex behavior that appears to stem from a superposition of short-term correlated noise and "long-tailed behaviour," i.e., highly connected nodes. Moreover, the construction of a dam along a river tends to increase short-term correlations in runoff series. In summary, the present study illustrates the (often substantial) effects of methodological and data-preprocessing choices for the interpretation of river runoff dynamics in the HVG framework and its general applicability for real-world time series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Lange
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Postboks 115, N-1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Sebastian Sippel
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Postboks 115, N-1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Osvaldo A Rosso
- Departamento de Informática en Salud, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires and CONICET, C1199ABB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lehmkühler F, Schulz F, Schroer MA, Frenzel L, Lange H, Grübel G. Heterogeneous local order in self-assembled nanoparticle films revealed by X-ray cross-correlations. IUCrJ 2018; 5:354-360. [PMID: 29755751 PMCID: PMC5929381 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518005407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the self-assembly of gold nanoparticles coated with a soft poly(ethylene glycol) shell studied by X-ray cross-correlation analysis. Depending on the initial concentration of gold nanoparticles used, structurally heterogeneous films were formed. The films feature hot spots of dominating four- and sixfold local order with patch sizes of a few micrometres, containing 104-105 particles. The amplitude of the order parameters suggested that a minimum sample amount was necessary to form well ordered local structures. Furthermore, the increasing variation in order parameters with sample thickness demonstrated a high degree of structural heterogeneity. This wealth of information cannot be obtained by the conventional microscopy techniques that are commonly used to study nanocrystal superstructures, as illustrated by complementary scanning electron microscopy measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Frenzel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Kolb G, Höffken H, Müller T, Havemann K, Joseph K, Lange H. Kinetics of Pulmonary Leukocyte Sequestration in Man during Hemodialysis with Different Membrane-Types. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889001301104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been suggested that pulmonary sequestration of leukocytes could account for membrane-dependent white blood cell depletion in HD, direct evidence in patients is still lacking. Therefore a study was initiated to test whether and how leukocytes distribute in the lung circulation during HD with different membranes. Thirteen patients suffering from chronic renal failure underwent lung scintigraphy during HD with cuprophane (n = 3), hemophane (n = 8) and polysulfone (n = 2) lowflux capillary dialyzers. Isolated autologous leukocytes were labelled with 99m-Technetium and reinfused before starting HD. Distribution of leukocyte related activity was registered by lung scintigraphy. In comparison to normal lung scintigraphy performed without HD, an impressive redistribution peak was demonstrated 10-20 min after the start of HD with cuprophane and also to a lesser extent with hemophane. When HD was performed with polysulfone the decrease in activity was delayed but no real redistribution was obtained. In accordance with other phenomena, such as peripheral leukopenia and changes in granulocyte oxidative metabolism, pulmonary sequestration of leukocytes takes place in man in the initial phase of HD and appears to be strongly dependent on the type of membrane. (Int J Artif Organs 1990; 13: 729-36)
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Baldingerstraβe, Marburg - Germany
| | - H. Höffken
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Baldingerstraβe, Marburg - Germany
| | - T. Müller
- Division of Nephrology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Baldingerstraβe, Marburg - Germany
| | - K. Havemann
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Baldingerstraβe, Marburg - Germany
| | - K. Joseph
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Baldingerstraβe, Marburg - Germany
| | - H. Lange
- Division of Nephrology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Baldingerstraβe, Marburg - Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Keuchel
- Department of Nephrology, Centre of Internal Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg - Germany
| | - A. Dittmar
- Department of Nephrology, Centre of Internal Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg - Germany
| | - B. Saure
- Department of Nephrology, Centre of Internal Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg - Germany
| | - C. Laage
- Department of Nephrology, Centre of Internal Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg - Germany
| | - H. Ebel
- Department of Nephrology, Centre of Internal Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg - Germany
| | - H. Lange
- Department of Nephrology, Centre of Internal Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg - Germany
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Abstract
The control of intravascular volume (IVV) by continuous on-line measurement of protein concentration would optimise the patients’ specific rate of ultrafiltration. To prove the accuracy of a refractometric device, plasma was continuously drawn by haemofiltration during 10 haemodialysis treatments of male patients. Refractometry reflects highly significant changes in the concentrations of filtrate proteins (r = 0.862, p < 0.001) and blood proteins (rtotal = 0.593, ptotal < 0.001). In vitro, the refractometric device detected a change of protein concentration of 0.041 g/L through a refraction increase of 0.1 mV. The power of discrimination was 0.067 % of IVV. However, in vivo, the accuracy of IVV refractometric monitoring is reduced by interference factors such as sodium (0.141 mV/mmol/L), glucose (0.034 mV/mg/dl) and triglycerides (–0.040 mV/mg/dl). Adjustment of the refraction data using sodium and glucose electrodes and plasma filters with a cutoff below the size of chylomicrons is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Kuhlmann
- Department of Nephrology and Pathol. Physiol., Dept. Appl. Physiol. Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg - Germany
| | - F. V. Buuren
- Department of Nephrology and Pathol. Physiol., Dept. Appl. Physiol. Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg - Germany
| | - O. Aziz
- Institute of Normal and Pathol. Physiol., Dept. Appl. Physiol. Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg - Germany
| | - H. Lange
- Department of Nephrology and Pathol. Physiol., Dept. Appl. Physiol. Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg - Germany
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Kuhlmann U, Gräf R, Schindler J, Lange H. Continuous Ionography (CIG) in Haemodialysis by Ion-Selective Carrier Membrane Electrodes (ISCME) with Solid Cement Contact for Flow-Through Measurement. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889201500404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion balance is of particular interest for patients maintained on RDT because of the importance of controlling ion movement and ion removal during haemodialysis. Continuous ionography (CIG) was therefore tested for electrolyte monitoring in extracorporeal haemodialysis in vitro and in vivo. The accuracy and stability of the electrodes were examined and various concentrations of potassium in blood, ultrafiltrate and dialysate were evaluated. Ion selective carrier membrane electrodes (ISCME) appeared to be suitable for continuous and simultaneous measurement of ions in blood and dialysis fluid. CIG monitoring of ion movement and ion removal could be the basis for adjusting and computer-managing ion elimination during extracorporeal haemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Kuhlmann
- Department of Nephrology University of Marburg - Germany
| | - R. Gräf
- Department of Nephrology University of Marburg - Germany
| | - J. Schindler
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Dept. of Applied Physiology, University of Marburg - Germany
| | - H. Lange
- Department of Nephrology University of Marburg - Germany
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Schulz F, Tober S, Lange H. Size-Dependent Phase Transfer Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles To Promote Well-Ordered Self-Assembly. Langmuir 2017; 33:14437-14444. [PMID: 29192781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a route for the functionalization of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) based on phase transfer functionalization in order to optimize the stability and the potential for self-assembly. Depending on the desired size, different ligand exchanges have to be employed: The maximum AuNP size that can be stabilized without concentration loss is 46 nm for polystyrene-based ligands with 5 and 10 kDa. Small particles <12 nm are better stabilized by smaller ligands. We are able to demonstrate that well-ordered close-packed monolayers of 28 nm AuNP covering at least 400 μm2 are possible with a potential for much larger areas. Such monolayers are of great interest for various fundamental experiments in the context of plasmonics and SERS and for sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schulz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Tober
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
The decay of a plasmon leads to a hot electron distribution in metallic nanoparticles. Depending on the processes involved in the excitation, different distributions are obtained, which thermalize differently. We experimentally investigate excitation-wavelength and size-dependences on the generation and thermalization of the hot-electrons. We can confirm the absence of size-dependences, and we clearly observe two regimes with significantly different relaxation dynamics depending on the photon energy. The hot electron generation is more efficient when exciting with light that enables interband transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Minutella
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre For Ultrafast Imaging, CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre For Ultrafast Imaging, CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Böer KW, Kümmel U, Lange H. Über den Einfluß einer Infrarotbelichtung im Tilgungsbereich auf thermisch und auf elektrisch angeregte Glowkurven an CdS-Einkristallen. Z PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1959-21016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Heini H, Pfitzner D, Keuchel M, Ebel H, Lange H, Wichert P. Hemorheology under two different hemodialysis regimens1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1990-10611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Heini
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Philipps-Universität Baldingerstraße, 0-3550 Marburg, Germany
| | - D. Pfitzner
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Philipps-Universität Baldingerstraße, 0-3550 Marburg, Germany
| | - M. Keuchel
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Philipps-Universität Baldingerstraße, 0-3550 Marburg, Germany
| | - H. Ebel
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Philipps-Universität Baldingerstraße, 0-3550 Marburg, Germany
| | - H. Lange
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Philipps-Universität Baldingerstraße, 0-3550 Marburg, Germany
| | - P.v. Wichert
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Philipps-Universität Baldingerstraße, 0-3550 Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
Abstract
We studied the aggregation of AuNP induced by small aromatic molecules under different conditions. In water, the aggregation was found to be difficult to control. Phase transfer of the particles into toluene by using oleylamine as a ligand allows for a more controlled and reliable synthesis. Using nonane-1,9-dithiol as a control, our experiments demonstrate that the molecular structure of the linker has a decisive influence on the aggregation. Aromatic dithiols yielded spherical aggregates in the range of 100 nm, whereas the aliphatic linker produced large aggregates in the µm range. The length of the aromatic linker (2 vs. 3 phenylene units) strongly affected aggregation kinetics and the structure of the produced aggregates. With UV/Vis and DLS based experiments it was possible to distinguish the process of ligand layer formation and aggregation. Our results will help to develop syntheses of defined spherical aggregates and possibly more complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Deffner
- Institute of Applied and Analytic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg and the Hamburg, Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg and the Hamburg, Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Hamburg, Germany
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Sippel S, Lange H, Mahecha MD, Hauhs M, Bodesheim P, Kaminski T, Gans F, Rosso OA. Diagnosing the Dynamics of Observed and Simulated Ecosystem Gross Primary Productivity with Time Causal Information Theory Quantifiers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164960. [PMID: 27764187 PMCID: PMC5072746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Data analysis and model-data comparisons in the environmental sciences require diagnostic measures that quantify time series dynamics and structure, and are robust to noise in observational data. This paper investigates the temporal dynamics of environmental time series using measures quantifying their information content and complexity. The measures are used to classify natural processes on one hand, and to compare models with observations on the other. The present analysis focuses on the global carbon cycle as an area of research in which model-data integration and comparisons are key to improving our understanding of natural phenomena. We investigate the dynamics of observed and simulated time series of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), a key variable in terrestrial ecosystems that quantifies ecosystem carbon uptake. However, the dynamics, patterns and magnitudes of GPP time series, both observed and simulated, vary substantially on different temporal and spatial scales. We demonstrate here that information content and complexity, or Information Theory Quantifiers (ITQ) for short, serve as robust and efficient data-analytical and model benchmarking tools for evaluating the temporal structure and dynamical properties of simulated or observed time series at various spatial scales. At continental scale, we compare GPP time series simulated with two models and an observations-based product. This analysis reveals qualitative differences between model evaluation based on ITQ compared to traditional model performance metrics, indicating that good model performance in terms of absolute or relative error does not imply that the dynamics of the observations is captured well. Furthermore, we show, using an ensemble of site-scale measurements obtained from the FLUXNET archive in the Mediterranean, that model-data or model-model mismatches as indicated by ITQ can be attributed to and interpreted as differences in the temporal structure of the respective ecological time series. At global scale, our understanding of C fluxes relies on the use of consistently applied land models. Here, we use ITQ to evaluate model structure: The measures are largely insensitive to climatic scenarios, land use and atmospheric gas concentrations used to drive them, but clearly separate the structure of 13 different land models taken from the CMIP5 archive and an observations-based product. In conclusion, diagnostic measures of this kind provide data-analytical tools that distinguish different types of natural processes based solely on their dynamics, and are thus highly suitable for environmental science applications such as model structural diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger Lange
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Miguel D. Mahecha
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
- Michael Stifel Center Jena for Data-Driven and Simulation Science, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Fabian Gans
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Osvaldo A. Rosso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA) and CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Complex Systems Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
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Strelow C, Theuerholz TS, Schmidtke C, Richter M, Merkl JP, Kloust H, Ye Z, Weller H, Heinz TF, Knorr A, Lange H. Metal-Semiconductor Nanoparticle Hybrids Formed by Self-Organization: A Platform to Address Exciton-Plasmon Coupling. Nano Lett 2016; 16:4811-4818. [PMID: 27355971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanosystems composed of excitonic and plasmonic constituents can have different properties than the sum of of the two constituents, due to the exciton-plasmon interaction. Here, we report on a flexible model system based on colloidal nanoparticles that can form hybrid combinations by self-organization. The system allows us to tune the interparticle distance and to combine nanoparticles of different sizes and thus enables a systematic investigation of the exciton-plasmon coupling by a combination of optical spectroscopy and quantum-optical theory. We experimentally observe a strong influence of the energy difference between exciton and plasmon, as well as an interplay of nanoparticle size and distance on the coupling. We develop a full quantum theory for the luminescence dynamics and discuss the experimental results in terms of the Purcell effect. As the theory describes excitation as well as coherent and incoherent emission, we also consider possible quantum optical effects. We find a good agreement of the observed and the calculated luminescence dynamics induced by the Purcell effect. This also suggests that the self-organized hybrid system can be used as platform to address quantum optical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Strelow
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg , 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Sverre Theuerholz
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin , 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidtke
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg , 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marten Richter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin , 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Philip Merkl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg , 20148 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging , 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Kloust
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg , 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ziliang Ye
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Horst Weller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg , 20148 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging , 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Andreas Knorr
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin , 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg , 20148 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging , 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Schulz F, Dahl GT, Besztejan S, Schroer MA, Lehmkühler F, Grübel G, Vossmeyer T, Lange H. Ligand Layer Engineering To Control Stability and Interfacial Properties of Nanoparticles. Langmuir 2016; 32:7897-907. [PMID: 27458652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of mixed ligand layers including poly(ethylene glycol)-based ligands for the functionalization of nanoparticles is a very popular strategy in the context of nanomedicine. However, it is challenging to control the composition of the ligand layer and maintain high colloidal and chemical stability of the conjugates. A high level of control and stability are crucial for reproducibility, upscaling, and safe application. In this study, gold nanoparticles with well-defined mixed ligand layers of α-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-ω-(11-mercaptoundecanoate) (PEGMUA) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) were synthesized and characterized by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis. The colloidal and chemical stability of the conjugates was tested by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and UV/vis spectroscopy based experiments, and their interactions with cells were analyzed by elemental analysis. We demonstrate that the alkylene spacer in PEGMUA is the key feature for the controlled synthesis of mixed layer conjugates with very high colloidal and chemical stability and that a controlled synthesis is not possible using regular PEG ligands without the alkylene spacer. With the results of our stability tests, the molecular structure of the ligands can be clearly linked to the colloidal and chemical stabilization. We expect that the underlying design principle can be generalized to improve the level of control in nanoparticle surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schulz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gregor T Dahl
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Besztejan
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
Standard procedures to coat gold nanorods (AuNR) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based ligands are not reliable and high PEG-grafting densities are not achieved. In this work, the ligand exchange of AuNR with PEGMUA, a tailored PEG-ligand bearing a C10 alkylene spacer, is studied. PEGMUA provides AuNR with very high stability against oxidative etching with cyanide. This etching reaction is utilized to study the ligand exchange in detail. Ligand exchange is faster, less ligand consuming and more reproducible with assisting chloroform extraction. Compared to PEG ligands commonly used, PEGMUA provides much higher colloidal and chemical stability. Further analyses based on NMR-, IR- and UV/Vis-spectroscopy reveal that significantly higher PEG-grafting densities, up to ∼3 nm(-2), are obtained with PEGMUA. This demonstrates how the molecular structure of the PEG ligand can be used to dramatically improve the ligand exchange and to synthesize PEGylated AuNR with high chemical and colloidal stability and high PEG grafting densities. Such AuNR are especially interesting for applications in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schulz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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40
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Dalsgaard L, Astrup R, Antón-Fernández C, Borgen SK, Breidenbach J, Lange H, Lehtonen A, Liski J. Modeling Soil Carbon Dynamics in Northern Forests: Effects of Spatial and Temporal Aggregation of Climatic Input Data. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149902. [PMID: 26901763 PMCID: PMC4762889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Boreal forests contain 30% of the global forest carbon with the majority residing in soils. While challenging to quantify, soil carbon changes comprise a significant, and potentially increasing, part of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Thus, their estimation is important when designing forest-based climate change mitigation strategies and soil carbon change estimates are required for the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions. Organic matter decomposition varies with climate in complex nonlinear ways, rendering data aggregation nontrivial. Here, we explored the effects of temporal and spatial aggregation of climatic and litter input data on regional estimates of soil organic carbon stocks and changes for upland forests. We used the soil carbon and decomposition model Yasso07 with input from the Norwegian National Forest Inventory (11275 plots, 1960–2012). Estimates were produced at three spatial and three temporal scales. Results showed that a national level average soil carbon stock estimate varied by 10% depending on the applied spatial and temporal scale of aggregation. Higher stocks were found when applying plot-level input compared to country-level input and when long-term climate was used as compared to annual or 5-year mean values. A national level estimate for soil carbon change was similar across spatial scales, but was considerably (60–70%) lower when applying annual or 5-year mean climate compared to long-term mean climate reflecting the recent climatic changes in Norway. This was particularly evident for the forest-dominated districts in the southeastern and central parts of Norway and in the far north. We concluded that the sensitivity of model estimates to spatial aggregation will depend on the region of interest. Further, that using long-term climate averages during periods with strong climatic trends results in large differences in soil carbon estimates. The largest differences in this study were observed in central and northern regions with strongly increasing temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Dalsgaard
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Rasmus Astrup
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Holger Lange
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Aleksi Lehtonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Liski
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland
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Bothe C, Kornowski A, Tornatzky H, Schmidtke C, Lange H, Maultzsch J, Weller H. Festkörperchemie auf der Nanoskala: Ionentransport über Zwischengitterplätze oder Leerstellen? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Bothe
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg (Deutschland)
| | - Andreas Kornowski
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg (Deutschland)
| | - Hans Tornatzky
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin (Deutschland)
| | - Christian Schmidtke
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg (Deutschland)
| | - Holger Lange
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg (Deutschland)
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg (Deutschland)
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin (Deutschland)
| | - Horst Weller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg (Deutschland)
- Centrum für Angewandte Nanotechnologie, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg (Deutschland)
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg (Deutschland)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (Saudi Arabien)
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Bothe C, Kornowski A, Tornatzky H, Schmidtke C, Lange H, Maultzsch J, Weller H. Solid-State Chemistry on the Nanoscale: Ion Transport through Interstitial Sites or Vacancies? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14183-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rafipoor M, Schmidtke C, Wolter C, Strelow C, Weller H, Lange H. Clustering of CdSe/CdS Quantum Dot/Quantum Rods into Micelles Can Form Bright, Non-blinking, Stable, and Biocompatible Probes. Langmuir 2015; 31:9441-7. [PMID: 26263043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigate clustered CdSe/CdS quantum dots/quantum rods, ranging from single to multiple encapsulated rods within amphiphilic diblock copolymer micelles, by time-resolved optical spectroscopy. The effect of the clustering and the cluster size on the optical properties is addressed. The clusters are bright and stable and show no blinking while retaining the fundamental optical properties of the individual quantum dots/quantum rods. Cell studies show neither unspecific uptake nor morphological changes of the cells, despite the increased sizes of the clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Rafipoor
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christopher Wolter
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Strelow
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Holger Lange
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Myrmel M, Lange H, Rimstad E. A 1-Year Quantitative Survey of Noro-, Adeno-, Human Boca-, and Hepatitis E Viruses in Raw and Secondarily Treated Sewage from Two Plants in Norway. Food Environ Virol 2015; 7:213-23. [PMID: 26003323 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-015-9200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A study of enteric viruses in raw and treated sewage from two secondary treatment plants, which received sewage from Oslo city (plant A) and small municipalities in Hedmark county in Norway (plant B), showed high levels of noro-, adeno-, and bocavirus throughout the year. A seasonal variation was observed for adeno- and GII norovirus with higher levels during winter and bocavirus that had more positive samples during winter. The virus concentrations in raw sewage were comparable in the two plants, with medians (log10 genome copies per liter) of 6.1, 6.3, 6.0, and 4.5 for noro GI, noro GII, adeno-, and bocavirus, respectively. The level of hepatitis E virus was not determined as it was below the limit of quantification. The mean log10 virus reduction was 0.55 (plant A) and 1.44 (plant B) with the highest reduction found in the plant with longer hydraulic retention time. The adenoviruses were dominantly serotype 41, while serotype 12 appeared sporadically. Of the 102 raw and treated sewage samples that were tested, eight were positive for hepatitis E virus of which four were from treated sewage. Two of the four obtained gene sequences from hepatitis E virus originated from the rural sewage samples and showed high similarity with a genotype 3 strain of hepatitis E virus detected in local piglets. Two other hepatitis E virus sequences obtained from urban sewage samples showed high similarities with genotype 3 strains isolated from urban sewage in Spain and a human genotype 1 isolate from India. The study gives information on the levels of noroviruses in raw and treated sewage, which is valuable to risk assessment, information indicating that some infections with hepatitis E viruses in Norway have a regional origin and that human bocavirus 2 and 3 are prevalent in the Norwegian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Myrmel
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway,
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Krueger JS, Martin N, Milici A, Lange H. Abstract 2358: Quantifying PD-L1 spatial distribution signatures for patient selection approaches. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Inhibitors of inflammatory checkpoints, such as PD-L1 inhibitors, have demonstrated great promise in preclinical and clinical studies. This therapeutic paradigm focuses on controlling natural inflammatory checkpoints to stimulate an elevated inflammatory response against the tumor to increase anti-tumor inflammatory cell infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment or decrease inflammatory suppressor infiltrates. The proteins which control these processes can be found in the tumor cells, cells in the tumor micro-environment (TME), or in both locales. Positive cells are often assessed in a qualitative or semi-quantitative manner using immunohistochemistry and evaluation of a limited number of representative microscopy fields across a particular tissue compartment (tumor vs stroma) or the whole tissue area. However, the locale of the inflammatory suppressors such as PD-L1 may be more revealing than estimating the tumor-wide dispersion of an inflammatory cell type. Unfortunately, the intricate spatial relationships and the often complex distribution of inflammatory cells in tissues pose significant challenges for a meaningful evaluation.
We have developed an approach which can quantify these spatial relationships in a contextual, biologically meaningful score. Immunohistochemistry staining for PD-L1 in whole lung cancer tissue sections was performed, and our CellMap software was used to assess inflammatory cell distribution in the whole tissue sections. PD-L1 positive cells were quantified relative to: 1) the total number of cells in the tumor and stromal tissue compartments, and 2) the number of cells within a distance from the tumor/stroma interface. Interestingly, several unique PD-L1 distribution patterns relative to the tumor/stroma interface were observed in the sample cohort analyzed. Quantifying the distribution of PD-L1 positive cells as a function of distance from the tumor/stroma interface revealed distribution signatures, which could be used to differentiate between samples. In contrast, this differentiation of the same samples was not possible when PD-L1 cells were assessed relative to the total number of cells.
This study provided a novel method for assessing inflammatory cell type spatial distribution relative to a tissue feature, the tumor/stroma interface. The data suggested that unique spatial patterns of inflammatory cell type distribution could be used to uniquely stratify patients compared to existing quantitative methods. Taken together, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates a unique quantitative assessment of inflammatory cell infiltrates in tumors that could be used to gain new insights into inflammatory cell type distributions and interactions in tumors, inflammatory cell spatial responses to oncology therapies, and novel patient selection criteria for traditional and immuno-oncology therapeutics.
Citation Format: Joseph S. Krueger, Nathan Martin, Anthony Milici, Holger Lange. Quantifying PD-L1 spatial distribution signatures for patient selection approaches. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2358. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2358
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Krueger JS, Young D, Lange H, Potts S. Abstract 3391: Companion diagnostic strategies specific to antibody therapies. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
One premise of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) is that the bound mAb-antigen complex on the cell surface will internalize and be metabolized by lysosomal proteases to release the free drug. Thus, the efficacy of an ADC is dependent not only on the presence of cell surface antigens, but also an active system of receptor turnover and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Thus, a predictive assay for patient response would ideally account for both the degree of cell surface expression of the target, as well as cytoplasmic presence of the target to quantify a surrogate for receptor turnover and internalization. Immunohistochemistry based assays (IHC) are best suited to address these questions, as it is the only method which provides the ability to measure both membrane and cytoplasm expression of the target simultaneously within archival FFPE biopsies. However, the biological mechanisms behind receptor internalization and turnover have not been elucidated for novel therapeutic targets. In most cases, an IHC assay is utilized to evaluate these measures, without prior advance knowledge of how these measures are suitable for patient selection. Unanticipated difficulties in tissue interpretation, such as low apparent expression of the target, occlusion of membrane staining by cytoplasmic staining, or heterogeneity in staining often lead to failure in determining a correct patient stratification approach.
In order to investigate patient selection strategies for ADCs, we have invented several proprietary approaches for measuring critical properties of the therapeutic target on the cell surface or inside the cell which can be used to understand and predict efficacy to an ADC using FFPE biopsies. These quantitative pathology approaches are based on image analysis approaches which been designed specifically for ADC CDx programs to develop a pathology based scoring system which can be predictive of ADC response: 1) Accurately quantifying low levels of cell surface target expression; 2) Defining cell surface target expression independent of cytoplasmic expression; 3) Overcoming staining heterogeneity; and 4) Determining the correct staining thresholds for quantification. These image analysis based approaches can be used to define and evaluate a scoring approach, train pathologists, assess objective performance, and best determine a cutpoint approach using statistical approaches. These image analysis based tools can be used to create a manual scoring paradigm for an IHC assay or can be incorporated into a medical device directly to support the PMA effort. Incorporation of these novel tools will enable ADC developers to create efficacy and patient stratification paradigms which incorporate the critical biological endpoints unique to ADCs.
Citation Format: Joseph S. Krueger, David Young, Holger Lange, Steve Potts. Companion diagnostic strategies specific to antibody therapies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3391. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3391
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Peltjo M, Schnatwinkel C, Martin N, Lange H, Krueger JS. Abstract 2360: Quantitative analysis of multiple subtypes of immune system cells in cancer tissues. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Current cancer biology acknowledges the key role of the immune system in tumor biology, and promise for the modulation of immune system in cancer treatment. The composition of the inflammatory cell populations in tissues is reflective of the overall state of the Tumor Micro-Environment (TME), and the identification of distinct inflammatory cell types may hold prognostic or predictive value. Immunohistochemistry allows for reliable identification of the cell constituents to facilitate analysis of the TME while remaining in the tissue context.
Establishing a quantitative paradigm for inflammatory cell types and subtype profiling requires unbiased and automated whole-tissue based quantitation methods, which are capable of spatial integration of multiple inflammatory cell markers across the whole tissue. While single slide fluorescent multiplex approaches can address this need, the use of difficult-to-implement wet assay strategies involving multiplexing 6-8 fluorescent markers on the same tissue section are difficult to implement in a global clinical diagnostic lab setting. To answer this need, we combined novel advents in Tissue Image Analysis (TIA) to integrate spatial expression of serial-section stained whole tissue clinical lung cancer specimens.
In this proof-of-principle study,we were able to superimpose specific locations of individual cell types onto 6 serial sections and evaluate different inflammatory cell types. We used serial sections of clinical lung specimens stained for six immune phenotypic markers (CD68, CD4, CD8, CD33, FoxP3, and CD11b) to illustrate a repertoire of inflammatory cell types. Our proprietary CellMap algorithm was utilized to identify, enumerate, and determine the precise location of individual inflammatory cells in tissues on cell-by-cell basis in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Our proprietary FACTS (Feature Analysis on Consecutive Tissue Sections) approach was used to integrate the spatial expression of individual markers onto a reference H&E slide, and/or adjacent slides. Using the aligned FACTS data and our proprietary MultivariateMap approach, we integrated the patterns of each marker based on immune cell type function and their location relative to each other and the tumor epithelial cells.
In this study, we demonstrated how spatial integration of immune cell markers in the context of whole tissues can be applied to the diagnostic setting. By creating a comprehensive landscape of the immune system state in the tissue biopsies, we were able to identify crucial patterns which represent function and role in immune system biology. These approaches provide a robust platform for immuno-oncology applications by providing information on the state of the immune system in cancer using approaches implementable in the clinic. The use of these approaches will benefit further understanding of cancer pathology, and can directly lead to the development of diagnostic tests with clinical utility.
Citation Format: Mirza Peltjo, Carsten Schnatwinkel, Nathan Martin, Holger Lange, Joseph S. Krueger. Quantitative analysis of multiple subtypes of immune system cells in cancer tissues. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2360. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2360
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Kolb G, Fischer W, Schoenemann H, Bathke K, Höffken H, Müller T, Lange H, Joseph K, Havemann K. Effect of cuprophan, hemophan and polysulfone membranes on the oxidative metabolism, degranulation reaction, enzyme release and pulmonary sequestration of granulocytes. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 74:10-21. [PMID: 2562018 DOI: 10.1159/000417466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Kolb
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Marburg, FRG
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Abstract
The clinical applicability of the determiniation of selectivity in proteinuria in the traditional way is limited. The methodological apparatus has to be relatively completed to get predicative results. Simplified procedures, e.g. determination according to two proteins only, have not proven to be useful in our hands. Screening tests such as disc electrophoresis have to precede the determinations. In special clinical problems, e.g. the question of steroid sensitiveness in morphological forms of glomerulonephritis, which supposedly do not respond to steroids according to the results of prospective studies, or as a parameter in observing the follow up of a disease, protein clearances may be a valuable diagnostic help.
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Peljto M, Major J, Krueger JS, Lange H, Aeffner F, Young GD, Alvarez JD, Sharp M, Sepulveda MA, Milici AJ. Quantitative paradigm for analysis of multiple subtypes of immune system cells in lung cancer tissues. J Immunother Cancer 2014. [PMCID: PMC4288463 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-s3-p140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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