Association between high levels of gynoid fat and the increase of bone mineral density in women

Introduction: In women, bone mineral density (BMD) is related to age, estrogenic action, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM). The gynoid fat distribution is linked to estrogenic action.Objective: This study aimed to assess whether an increase of gynoid fat is associated with high BMD independent of age and ASMM.Methods: An observational study was performed in women aged between 20 and 79 years. Fat mass, ASMM, and BMD were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The binned scatterplots and multivariate linear regression models were used to study the relationship between hip BMD and age, height, android fat, gynoid fat, and ASMM.Results: Of 673 women invited, 596 accepted to participate. Their mean age was 55.4 ± 12.8 years, weight 63.4 ± 9.4 kg, height 1.61 ± 0.06 m, body mass index 24.54 ± 3.59 kg/m², average hip BMD 0.914 ± 0.122 g/cm², android fat 2.12 ± 0.83 kg, gynoid fat 4.54 ± 1.07 kg, and ASMM 15.15 ± 1.97 kg. The final regression model included age (linear coefficient -0.004; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.005 to -0.003; p < 0.001), ASMM (linear coefficient 0.013; 95% CI: 0.009 to 0.018; p < 0.001), and gynoid fat (linear coefficient 0.013; 95% CI: 0.005 to 0.022; p < 0.002).Conclusion: Gynoid fat is associated with BMD in the hip independently of age and ASMM.

[Are transdermic estrogens cardioprotective?]

Transdermic estrogens share many of the oral estrogens cardiovascular effects, but so far there are no studies proving that they have a cardioprotective effect neither in animals nor in human beings. The doubt is outlined moreover, when most of the investigations performed with oral estrogens in animals show an antiatherogenic effect, while the few experimental studies that hare been carried out with estrogen patches show contradictory results. We will have to wait for more extensive clinical trials to be able to know if the transdermic estrogens are really cardioprotective, however if we want to achieve some cardiovascular risk improvement with the current knowledge we will probably have to support the use of oral estrogens.