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Gandor F, Berger L, Gruber D, Warnecke T, Vogel A, Claus I. [Dysphagia in Parkinsonian Syndromes]. Nervenarzt 2023; 94:685-693. [PMID: 37115255 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Dysphagia is a clinically relevant problem in Parkinson's disease as well as in atypical Parkinsonian syndromes, such as multiple system atrophy and diseases from the spectrum of 4‑repeat tauopathies, which affect most patients to a varying degree in the course of their disease. This results in relevant restrictions in daily life due to impaired intake of food, fluids, and medication with a subsequent reduction in quality of life. This article not only gives an overview of the pathophysiological causes of dysphagia in the various Parkinson syndromes, but also presents screening, diagnostic and treatment procedures that have been investigated for the different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gandor
- Neurologisches Fachkrankenhaus für Bewegungsstörungen/Parkinson, Str. nach Fichtenwalde 16, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Deutschland.
- Klinik für Neurologie, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland.
| | - L Berger
- Neurologisches Fachkrankenhaus für Bewegungsstörungen/Parkinson, Str. nach Fichtenwalde 16, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Deutschland
- Klinik für Neurologie, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - D Gruber
- Neurologisches Fachkrankenhaus für Bewegungsstörungen/Parkinson, Str. nach Fichtenwalde 16, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Deutschland
- Klinik für Neurologie, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - T Warnecke
- Klinik für Neurologie und neurologische Frührehabilitation, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Deutschland
| | - A Vogel
- Neurologisches Fachkrankenhaus für Bewegungsstörungen/Parkinson, Str. nach Fichtenwalde 16, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Deutschland
| | - I Claus
- Klinik für Neurologie mit Institut für translationale Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
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Warnecke T, Schäfer KH, Claus I, Del Tredici K, Jost WH. Gastrointestinal involvement in Parkinson's disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:31. [PMID: 35332158 PMCID: PMC8948218 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests an increasing significance for the extent of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). Most patients suffer from GIT symptoms, including dysphagia, sialorrhea, bloating, nausea, vomiting, gastroparesis, and constipation during the disease course. The underlying pathomechanisms of this α-synucleinopathy play an important role in disease development and progression, i.e., early accumulation of Lewy pathology in the enteric and central nervous systems is implicated in pharyngeal discoordination, esophageal and gastric motility/peristalsis impairment, chronic pain, altered intestinal permeability and autonomic dysfunction of the colon, with subsequent constipation. Severe complications, including malnutrition, dehydration, insufficient drug effects, aspiration pneumonia, intestinal obstruction, and megacolon, frequently result in hospitalization. Sophisticated diagnostic tools are now available that permit more detailed examination of specific GIT impairment patterns. Furthermore, novel treatment approaches have been evaluated, although high-level evidence trials are often missing. Finally, the burgeoning literature devoted to the GIT microbiome reveals its importance for neurologists. We review current knowledge about GIT pathoanatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment in PD and provide recommendations for management in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Warnecke
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - K-H Schäfer
- Research and Transfer Working Group Enteric Nervous System (AGENS), University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Campus Zweibrücken, 66482, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - I Claus
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - K Del Tredici
- Clinical Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - W H Jost
- Parkinson-Klinik Ortenau, 77709, Wolfach, Germany.
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Muhle P, Suntrup-Krueger S, Bittner S, Ruck T, Claus I, Marian T, Schröder J, Minnerup J, Warnecke T, Meuth S, Dziewas R. PB3. Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation in neurointensive care patients suffering from severe post-stroke dysphagia – Post stimulation increase of salivary substance P level may indicate treatment success. Clin Neurophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Muhle P, Claus I, Marian T, Schröder J, Wollbrink A, Pantev C, Warnecke T, Dziewas R, Suntrup-Krueger S. P5. Virtual lesion model to investigate dysphagia resulting from pharyngeal hypesthesia in healthy volunteers. Clin Neurophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Im S, Suntrup-Krueger S, Colbow S, Sauer S, Claus I, Meuth SG, Dziewas R, Warnecke T. Reliability and main findings of the flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing-Tensilon test in patients with myasthenia gravis and dysphagia. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:1235-1242. [PMID: 29802670 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diagnosis of pharyngeal dysphagia caused by myasthenia gravis (MG) based on clinical examination alone is often challenging. Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) combined with Tensilon (edrophonium) application, referred to as the FEES-Tensilon test, was developed to improve diagnostic accuracy and to detect the main symptoms of pharyngeal dysphagia in MG. Here we investigated inter- and intra-rater reliability of the FEES-Tensilon test and analyzed the main endoscopic findings. METHODS Four experienced raters reviewed a total of 20 FEES-Tensilon test videos in randomized order. Residue severity was graded at four different pharyngeal spaces before and after Tensilon administration. All interpretations were performed twice per rater, 4 weeks apart (a total of 160 scorings). Intra-rater test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability levels were calculated. RESULTS The most frequent FEES findings in patients with MG before Tensilon application were prominent residues of semi-solids spread all over the hypopharynx in varying locations. The reliability level of the interpretation of the FEES-Tensilon test was excellent regardless of the rater's profession or years of experience with FEES. All four raters showed high inter- and intra-reliability levels in interpreting the FEES-Tensilon test based on residue clearance (kappa = 0.922, 0.981). The degree of residue normalization in the vallecular space after Tensilon application showed the highest inter- and intra-rater reliability level (kappa = 0.863, 0.957) followed by the epiglottis (kappa = 0.813, 0.946) and pyriform sinuses (kappa = 0.836, 0.929). CONCLUSION Interpretation of the FEES-Tensilon test based on residue severity and degree of Tensilon clearance, especially in the vallecular space, is consistent and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Im
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bucheon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheonshi, Korea
| | | | - S Colbow
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Sauer
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - I Claus
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - R Dziewas
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - T Warnecke
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Claus I, Heidbreder A, Dziewas R, Warnecke T. Esophageal motor impairment in REM-sleep behavior disorder: A biomarker of early Parkinson's disease? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 38:95-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Murzin SS, Jansen AGM, Claus I. Topological oscillations of the magnetoconductance in disordered GaAs layers. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:016802. [PMID: 14754008 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.016802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Oscillatory variations of the diagonal (Gxx) and Hall (G(xy)) magnetoconductances are discussed in view of topological scaling effects giving rise to the quantum Hall effect. They occur in a field range without oscillations of the density of states due to Landau quantization, and are, therefore, totally different from the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. Such oscillations are experimentally observed in disordered GaAs layers in the extreme quantum limit of applied magnetic field with a good description by the unified scaling theory of the integer and fractional quantum Hall effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Murzin
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow District, Russia
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Abstract
This paper contains a discussion of dynamical randomness among the different methods of simulation of a fluid and its characterization by the concept of Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy per unit time. Moreover, a renormalization-group method is presented in order to construct the hydrodynamic and reactive modes of relaxation in chaotic models. The renormalization-group construction allows us to obtain the dispersion relation of these modes, i.e. their damping rate versus the wavenumber. Besides, these modes are characterized by a fractal dimension given in terms of a diffusion coefficient and a Lyapunov exponent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gaspard
- Centre for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
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Claus I, Gaspard P. Fractals and dynamical chaos in a two-dimensional Lorentz gas with sinks. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:036227. [PMID: 11308761 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.036227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We consider a two-dimensional periodic reactive Lorentz gas, in which a moving point particle undergoes elastic collisions on fixed hard disks and annihilates on absorbing disks, called sinks. We present clear evidence of the existence of a fractal repeller in this open system. Moreover, we establish a relation between the reaction rate, describing the macroscopic evolution of the system, and two characteristic quantities of the microscopic chaos: the average Lyapunov exponent and the Hausdorff codimension of the fractal repeller.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Claus
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, Code Postal 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Transport by normal diffusion can be decomposed into hydrodynamic modes which relax exponentially toward the equilibrium state. In chaotic systems with 2 degrees of freedom, the fine scale structures of these modes are singular and fractal, characterized by a Hausdorff dimension given in terms of Ruelle's topological pressure. For long-wavelength modes, we relate the Hausdorff dimension to the diffusion coefficient and the Lyapunov exponent. This relationship is tested numerically on two Lorentz gases, one with hard repulsive forces, the other with attractive, Yukawa forces. The agreement with theory is excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gaspard
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Code Postal 231, Campus Plaine, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Five polyvalent antivenoms (Crotalidae; Orient, North, Central and South Africa) were tested for their ability to neutralize the thrombin-like activity of snake venoms (Bitis gabonica, Agkistrodon acutus, Bothrops asper, B. atrox, Crotalus adamanteus). Considerable cross-neutralization was observed. Anti-coagulase antibodies were isolated from an antivenom by affinity chromatography using a purified enzyme from Bitis gabonica venom. These antibodies neutralized the activity of most snake venom coagulant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Claus
- Zentrum der Rechtsmedizin, University of Frankfurt, F.R.G
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Dietze H, Claus I, John K, Daute KH. [Prognosis of febrile convulsions]. Kinderarztl Prax 1986; 54:153-7. [PMID: 3712981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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