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Lezcano-Gonzalez I, Campbell E, Hoffman AEJ, Bocus M, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Agote-Aran M, Gibson EK, Greenaway A, De Wispelaere K, Van Speybroeck V, Beale AM. Insight into the effects of confined hydrocarbon species on the lifetime of methanol conversion catalysts. Nat Mater 2020; 19:1081-1087. [PMID: 32929250 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction refers collectively to a series of important industrial catalytic processes to produce either olefins or gasoline. Mechanistically, methanol conversion proceeds through a 'pool' of hydrocarbon species. For the methanol-to-olefins process, these species can be delineated broadly into 'desired' lighter olefins and 'undesired' heavier fractions that cause deactivation in a matter of hours. The crux in further catalyst optimization is the ability to follow the formation of carbonaceous species during operation. Here, we report the combined results of an operando Kerr-gated Raman spectroscopic study with state-of-the-art operando molecular simulations, which allowed us to follow the formation of hydrocarbon species at various stages of methanol conversion. Polyenes are identified as crucial intermediates towards formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, with their fate determined largely by the zeolite topology. Notably, we provide the missing link between active and deactivating species, which allows us to propose potential design rules for future-generation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lezcano-Gonzalez
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK.
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK.
| | - E Campbell
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - A E J Hoffman
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - M Bocus
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - I V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, STFC, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - M Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, STFC, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - M Agote-Aran
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - E K Gibson
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Greenaway
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - K De Wispelaere
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - V Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - A M Beale
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK.
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK.
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Beale AM, Lezcano-Gonzalez I, Slawinski WA, Wragg DS. Correction: Correlation between Cu ion migration behaviour and deNOx activity in Cu-SSZ-13 for the standard NH3-SCR reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1667. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc90036e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for ‘Correlation between Cu ion migration behaviour and deNOx activity in Cu-SSZ-13 for the standard NH3-SCR reaction’ by A. M. Beale et al., Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 6170–6173.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Beale
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Research Complex at Harwell
| | - I. Lezcano-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Research Complex at Harwell
| | - W. A. Slawinski
- INGAP Centre for Research Based Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - D. S. Wragg
- INGAP Centre for Research Based Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
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Oord R, ten Have IC, Arends JM, Hendriks FC, Schmidt J, Lezcano-Gonzalez I, Weckhuysen BM. Enhanced activity of desilicated Cu-SSZ-13 for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx and its comparison with steamed Cu-SSZ-13. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00798a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous Cu-SSZ-13 was created by first synthesizing zeolite H-SSZ-13 and subsequently desilicating the material by base leaching using NaOH in different concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Oord
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - I. C. ten Have
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - J. M. Arends
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - F. C. Hendriks
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - J. Schmidt
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - I. Lezcano-Gonzalez
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - B. M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
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Beale AM, Lezcano-Gonzalez I, Slawinksi WA, Wragg DS. Correlation between Cu ion migration behaviour and deNOx activity in Cu-SSZ-13 for the standard NH3-SCR reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6170-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00513f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we present the results of a synchrotron-based in situ, time-resolved PXRD study during activation of two Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts under O2/He and one during standard NH3-SCR reaction conditions to obtain insight into the migration behaviour of Cu ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Beale
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Research Complex at Harwell
| | - I. Lezcano-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Research Complex at Harwell
| | - W. A. Slawinksi
- INGAP Centre for Research Based Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - D. S. Wragg
- INGAP Centre for Research Based Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
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Beale AM, Gao F, Lezcano-Gonzalez I, Peden CHF, Szanyi J. Recent advances in automotive catalysis for NOx emission control by small-pore microporous materials. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:7371-405. [PMID: 25913215 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00108k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ever increasing demand to develop highly fuel efficient engines coincides with the need to minimize air pollution originating from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. Dramatically improved fuel efficiency can be achieved at air-to-fuel ratios much higher than stoichiometric. In the presence of oxygen in large excess, however, traditional three-way catalysts are unable to reduce NOx. Among the number of lean-NOx reduction technologies, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by NH3 over Cu- and Fe-ion exchanged zeolite catalysts has been extensively studied over the past 30+ years. Despite the significant advances in developing a viable practical zeolite-based catalyst for lean NOx reduction, the insufficient hydrothermal stabilities of the zeolite structures considered cast doubts about their real-world applicability. During the past decade renewed interest in zeolite-based lean NOx reduction was spurred by the discovery of the very high activity of Cu-SSZ-13 (and the isostructural Cu-SAPO-34) in the NH3-SCR of NOx. These new, small-pore zeolite-based catalysts not only exhibited very high NOx conversion and N2 selectivity, but also exhibited exceptionally high hydrothermal stability at high temperatures. In this review we summarize the key discoveries of the past ∼5 years that led to the introduction of these catalysts into practical applications. This review first briefly discusses the structure and preparation of the CHA structure-based zeolite catalysts, and then summarizes the key learnings of the rather extensive (but not complete) characterisation work. Then we summarize the key findings of reaction kinetic studies, and provide some mechanistic details emerging from these investigations. At the end of the review we highlight some of the issues that still need to be addressed in automotive exhaust control catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Beale
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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Lezcano-Gonzalez I, Deka U, Arstad B, Van Yperen-De Deyne A, Hemelsoet K, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V, Weckhuysen BM, Beale AM. Determining the storage, availability and reactivity of NH3within Cu-Chabazite-based Ammonia Selective Catalytic Reduction systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1639-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54132k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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