[Profiling of Targeted miRNAs (8-nt) for the Genes Involved in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiac Hypertrophy]

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and cardiac hypertrophy (CH) are among the top ten leading cause of deaths, worldwide. T2DM and cardiac hypertrophy are the chronic diseases, have close association and direct life-threatening complications like stroke, myocardial infarction, retinopathy, nephropathy, and limb amputation. In addition to other medical approaches, miRNAs-based strategy is considered most efficient for early detection of chronic diseases and also has potential for the treatment of T2DM and cardiac hypertrophy like it is being used for cancer in clinical trials. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single stranded (non-coding) of 20 to 22 nucleotides sequences which bind to their target mRNA upon the complimentary basis, to silence the protein expression at post transcriptional level. Bioinformatic databases are used like online mendelian inheritance in man (OMIM), gene testing registry (GTR), TargetScan and ShinyGO for validation of disease linked genes and sorting the common miRNAs in both diseases, such as miR-30-5p/101-3p.2/190-5p/506-3p/9-5p/128-3p/137/96-5p/7-5p/107/101-3p.1/98-5p/124-3p.2/124-3p.116-5p/15-5p/497-5p/ 424-5p/195-5p/1271-5p, let-7-5p. Aforementioned databases were also used for the miRNAs which have more than one disease linked genes target in each pathological condition. Such miRNAs for cardiac hypertrophy are: miR-19-3p/183-5p.2/153-3p/372-3p/302-3p/520-3p/373-3p/129-5p/144-3p/139-5p and for T2DM are: miR-27-3p/206/1-3p/181-5p. This finding would be helpful for the appropriate selection of miRNAs and to design applicable research project in future. It will require more validation by using the miRNAs expression analysis, mimic, and anti-miRNA approach to check their potential against cardiac hypertrophy and T2DM.

Electric Properties of Organic-on-Inorganic n-Si/VOPc Heterojunction

In the current study vanadyl-phthalocyanine (VOPc) thin films were deposited by vacuum evaporation on n-Si substrate resulting in an organic-on-inorganic (n-Si/VOPc) heterojunctions. Ag films were deposited as electrodes. Thicknesses of the VOPc films were in the range of 100-300 nm. The dark I-V characteristics exhibited rectification behavior. The rectification ratio (RR) decreased from 4 to 0.4 as the thickness of the VOPc film decreased. The dark I-V characteristics were simulated by modified Schokley equation and spaace-charge limited currents (SCLC) approach. Investigations were carried out to study the effect of VOPc films thickness on reverse saturation current , diode quality factor and mobility of charge carriers.

Insulin over expression induces heart abnormalities via reactive oxygen species regulation, might be step towards cardiac hypertrophy

Insulin is known to regulate blood—glucose level and promote its utilization as an energy source in cardiac tissues under normal physiological conditions as well as stimulates signaling pathways that involved cell growth and proliferation. Although recently insulin generated free radicals via NAD(P)H has been documented but the molecular mechanism is still under investigation. The aim of present study is to elucidate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent possible role of insulin in cardiac abnormalities, including hypertrophy by regulation of antioxidants enzyme (SOD) activity. In the current study, 60 cardiac patients and 50 healthy individuals as well as the rat model with insulin administration were under investigation. Oxidant, anti—oxidant biochemical assays, hypertrophic marker expression via immunobloting and histopathology were performed. We observed statistically significant elevation of the reactive oxygen species level in the serum of patients as well as in the insulin administrated rat model, a mild expression of cardiac marker in experimental models along with abnormal histopathology of hearts. However, super oxide dismutase free radical scavenger activity was down regulated upon insulin treatment compared to control rats. Conclusively, the present study showed that over expression of insulin might stimulate cardiac hypertrophic signal via up regulation of free radicals and down regulation of antioxidants enzymes including SOD activity.

Cardiac hypertrophy is negatively regulated by miR-541

Heart failure is a leading cause of death in aging population. Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive reaction of the heart against cardiac overloading, but continuous cardiac hypertrophy is able to induce heart failure. We found that the level of miR-541 was decreased in angiotensin II (Ang-II) treated cardiomyocytes. Enforced expression of miR-541 resulted in a reduced hypertrophic phenotype upon Ang-II treatment in cellular models. In addition, we generated miR-541 transgenic mice that exhibited a reduced hypertrophic response upon Ang-II treatment. Furthermore, we found miR-541 is the target of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in the hypertrophic pathway and MITF can negatively regulate the expression of miR-541 at the transcriptional levels. MITF(ce/ce) mice exhibited a reduced hypertrophic phenotype upon Ang-II treatment. Knockdown of MITF also results in a reduction of hypertrophic responses after Ang-II treatment. Knockdown of miR-541 can block the antihypertrophic effect of MITF knockdown in cardiomyocytes upon Ang-II treatment. This indicates that the effect of MITF on cardiac hypertrophy relies on the regulation of miR-541. Our present study reveals a novel cardiac hypertrophy regulating pathway that was composed of miR-541 and MITF. Modulation of their levels may provide a new approach for tackling cardiac hypertrophy.