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Broek IV. News from the Belgian Society of Internal Medicine. Acta Clin Belg 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2000.11754313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schots R, Delforge M, André M, Bries G, Caers J, Demuynck H, De Prijck B, De Samblanx H, Kentos A, Meuleman N, Offner F, Vekemans MC, Vande Broek I, Van Droogenbroeck J, Van de Vanelde A, Wu KL, Doyen C. The Belgian 2010 consensus recommendations for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Acta Clin Belg 2010; 65:252-64. [PMID: 20954465 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2010.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of novel therapeutic agents including thalidomide, lenalidomide and bortezomib, the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) has significantly improved. These agents have been incorporated into numerous treatment schedules for newly diagnosed as well as more advanced MM patients. Hence, the therapeutic options for MM have become more complex and subject to rapid changes. The multiple myeloma study group (MMSG) of the Belgian Hematological Society has established recommendations for the treatment of MM as based on an extensive review of the literature which is also summarized in this paper. The recommendations are the result of a consensus opinion between haematologists with experience in the field and representing most haematology centres in Belgium. Where applicable, reimbursement criteria are also taken into account. The consensus recommendations should be a reference for use by clinical haematologists in daily practice.
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Decoster L, Neyns B, Vande Broek I, Anckaert E, De Clerck D, De Mey J, Majois F, Baurain J, Denys H, De Greve J. Activity of sunitinib in advanced malignant melanoma and its correlation with potential predictive biomarkers. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.8518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Decoster L, Broek IV, Declerq D, Anckaert E, Majois F, Baurain J, Denys H, DeMey J, Neyns B, DeGrève J. 9305 Activity of sunitinib in advanced malignant melanoma and its correlation with potential predictive biomarkers. EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)71949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Deleu S, Lemaire M, Arts J, Menu E, Van Valckenborgh E, King P, Vande Broek I, De Raeve H, Van Camp B, Croucher P, Vanderkerken K. The effects of JNJ-26481585, a novel hydroxamate-based histone deacetylase inhibitor, on the development of multiple myeloma in the 5T2MM and 5T33MM murine models. Leukemia 2009; 23:1894-903. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Broek IV, Schots R. Fatal cerebral zygomycosis breakthrough in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on voriconazole prophylaxis after cord blood SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2009; 44:765-6. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2009.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vande Broek I, Asosingh K, Allegaert V, Leleu X, Facon T, Vanderkerken K, Van Camp B, Van Riet I. Bone marrow endothelial cells increase the invasiveness of human multiple myeloma cells through upregulation of MMP-9: evidence for a role of hepatocyte growth factor. Leukemia 2004; 18:976-82. [PMID: 14999296 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The migration of multiple myeloma (MM) cells from the circulation into the bone marrow (BM) implicates that they must have the capacity to cross the BM endothelium including the subendothelial basement membrane. In this study, human CD138+ MM cells were immunomagnetically isolated from BM samples of MM patients and their invasion through Matrigel, that is, a reconstituted basement membrane, was determined. We demonstrated that primary MM cells have the capacity to transmigrate through basement membrane and that this invasiveness was considerably increased when assessed on Matrigel filters coated with BM endothelial cells (EC) (4LHBMEC line) (transendothelial invasion). The isolated MM cells were shown by zymography to secrete matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and anti-MMP-9 antibodies inhibited transendothelial invasion, indicating that MMP-9 is involved in this process. BM EC were found to increase the MMP-9 secretion in MM cells, indicating that EC enhance MM cell invasion through stimulation of MMP-9 secretion. BM EC were found to produce hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and this cytokine also stimulated MMP-9 secretion in MM cells, while anti-HGF antibodies significantly inhibited EC-stimulated MM cell invasion. In summary, our findings provide evidence that MM cell-BM EC interactions enhance the invasion of human MM cells through stimulation of MMP-9 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vande Broek
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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Vande Broek I, Asosingh K, Vanderkerken K, Straetmans N, Van Camp B, Van Riet I. Chemokine receptor CCR2 is expressed by human multiple myeloma cells and mediates migration to bone marrow stromal cell-produced monocyte chemotactic proteins MCP-1, -2 and -3. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:855-62. [PMID: 12644822 PMCID: PMC2377079 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The restricted bone marrow (BM) localisation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells most likely results from a specific homing influenced by chemotactic factors, combined with the proper signals for growth and survival provided by the BM microenvironment. In analogy to the migration and homing of normal lymphocytes, one can hypothesise that the BM homing of MM cells is mediated by a multistep process, involving the concerted action of adhesion molecules and chemokines. In this study, we report that primary MM cells and myeloma derived cell lines (Karpas, LP-1 and MM5.1) express the chemokine receptor CCR2. In addition, we found that the monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCPs) MCP-1, -2 and -3, three chemokines acting as prominent ligands for CCR2, are produced by stromal cells, cultured from normal and MM BM samples. Conditioned medium (CM) from BM stromal cells, as well as MCP-1, -2 and -3, act as chemoattractants for human MM cells. Moreover, a blocking antibody against CCR2, as well as a combination of neutralizing antibodies against MCP-1, -2 and -3, significantly reduced the migration of human MM cells to BM stromal cell CM. The results obtained in this study indicate the involvement of CCR2 and the MCPs in the BM homing of human MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vande Broek
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, Belgium
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Vande Broek I, Asosingh K, Vanderkerken K, Van Riet I, Van Camp B. Multiple myeloma, a model for fundamental and clinical research. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg 2003; 64:261-84; discussion 284-6. [PMID: 12416235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant B cell disorder characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM) and the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin in serum and/or urine. Despite recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of MM, the exact etiology of MM still remains unknown. MM cells are characterized by a profound degree of genetic instability with several chromosomal abnormalities. The survival and proliferation of MM cells are largely dependent on a supportive microenvironment. The development and progression of MM can be regard as a multistep process of molecular alterations resulting in uncontrolled growth and therapy resistance. Although considerable progress has been made in the therapy of MM, it still remains an uncurable disease with conventional treatment. Novel therapeutic modalities targeting the MM cell and the microenvironment such as inhibitors of angiogenesis (thalidomide and derivatives, arsenic trioxide) and inhibitors of transcription factor NF-kappa B (proteasome inhibitors) are currently being evaluated in clinical trials and hopefully will result in prolonged disease-free and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vande Broek
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Onderzoekseenheid Hematologie-Immunologie, Vakgroep Immunologie-Microbiologie, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussel
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Abstract
We present the case of an 80-year-old male with an history of multiple myeloma (MM) stage I with extramedullary plasmacytoma of the neck, diagnosed 18 months before and in complete remission after radiation therapy and melphalan-prednisone therapy. He was admitted with signs and symptoms characteristic for cavernous sinus syndrome, including diplopia, exophthalmia, ptosis and orbital pain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass lesion in the cavernous sinus, consistent with relapsing extramedullary plasmacytoma. The patient received palliative radiation therapy and high dose dexamethasone, but treatment failed and the patient died. This case represents one of the few reports of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the cavernous sinus. The development of a clinical presentation of cavernous sinus syndrome in a patient with a history of MM or extramedullary plasmacytoma should raise the suspicion of a plasmacytic involvement of the cavernous sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vande Broek
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Academic Hospital, Free University Brussels (VUB), Belgium.
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Vande Broek I, Vanderkerken K, De Greef C, Asosingh K, Straetmans N, Van Camp B, Van Riet I. Laminin-1-induced migration of multiple myeloma cells involves the high-affinity 67 kD laminin receptor. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:1387-95. [PMID: 11720479 PMCID: PMC2375239 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 67 kD laminin receptor (67LR) binds laminin-1 (LN), major component of the basement membrane, with high affinity. In this study, we demonstrated that human multiple myeloma cell lines (HMCL) and murine 5T2MM cells express 67LR. CD38(bright+) plasma cells in fresh multiple myeloma (MM) bone marrow (BM) samples showed weaker 67LR expression, but expression increased after direct exposure to a BM endothelial cell line (4LHBMEC). LN stimulated the in vitro migration of 3 HMCL (MM5.1, U266 and MMS.1), primary MM cells and the murine 5T2MM cells. 67LR has been shown to mediate the actions of LN through binding to CDPGYIGSR, a 9 amino acid sequence from the B1 chain of LN. MM cell migration was partially blocked by peptide 11, a synthetic nonapeptide derived from this amino sequence and also by a blocking antiserum against 67LR. Co-injection of peptide 11 with 5T2MM cells in a murine in vivo model of MM resulted in a decreased homing of 5T2MM cells to the BM compartment. In conclusion, LN acts as a chemoattractant for MM cells by interaction with 67LR. This interaction might be important during extravasation of circulating MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vande Broek
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Free University Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, B-1090, Belgium
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Abstract
The presence of myeloma cells in the blood circulation. implicates that these cells must have the potential to extravasate and home to the bone marrow environment. Using the 5T2 MM mouse model, we could demonstrate that the restricted localization of myeloma cells in the bone marrow is the result of selective migration of myeloma cells in the bone marrow combined with a selective growth of the tumour cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. Moreover, we showed that 5T2 MM cells bind in vitro selectively to bone marrow-derived endothelial cells (EC) and not to lung-derived EC. In order to identify which chemotactic molecules mediate the transendothelial migration of myeloma cells, we examined the motility-inducing effect of different extracellular matrix proteins on myeloma cell lines. We found that laminin-1 a major component of the basement membrane, triggers the motility of both human myeloma cells and 5T2 MM cells, through the 67 kD laminin receptor. Because of the broad distribution of laminin in extracellular matrices throughout the body, it is clear that this molecule on itself can not be the only factor that determines the specificity of myeloma cell homing. In the 5T2 MM model we identified IGF-1 as a more specific bone marrow derived chemoattractant for myeloma cells. In addition we demonstrated that the marrow microenvironment can upregulate the expression of the IGF-1 receptor on 5T mouse myeloma cells. In the end phase of the disease, increasing numbers of myeloma cells are detectable in the peripheral blood and extramedullary tumour growth can occur. We found that the stroma-independent variant of the human MM5 myeloma cell line showed an increased in vitro motility as compared to the stroma-dependent variant. By representational difference analysis we demonstrated that the stroma-dependent MM5 cells show a downregulation of the motility-related protein (MRP-I CD9) which might reflect the involvement of this molecule in the regulation of myeloma cell extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology-Immunology, Free University Brussels, Belgium
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Vanderkerken K, De Greef C, Asosingh K, Arteta B, De Veerman M, Vande Broek I, Van Riet I, Kobayashi M, Smedsrod B, Van Camp B. Selective initial in vivo homing pattern of 5T2 multiple myeloma cells in the C57BL/KalwRij mouse. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:953-9. [PMID: 10732771 PMCID: PMC2374415 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main characteristics of multiple myeloma cells is their predominant localization in the bone marrow. It is, however, unclear whether this is due to a selective initial entry, or whether this entry is more random and other processes like survival and/or growth stimulation, only present in the medullar microenvironment, are unique. To investigate this, in vivo homing kinetics of murine 5T2MM cells shortly after injection were assessed in bone marrow, liver, spleen, lungs, heart, intestines, kidney and testis by tracing of radiolabelled cells, by immunostaining of isolated cells and by polymerase chain reaction analysis. We demonstrated the presence of 5T2MM cells in bone marrow, spleen and liver with all other organs being negative. Adhesion assays of 5T2MM cells to different types of endothelial cells demonstrated a selective adhesion of 5T2MM cells to bone marrow and liver and not to lung endothelial cells. We here demonstrate that the specific in vivo localization of the 5T2MM cells is a result of the combination of a selective entry/adhesion of the 5T2MM cells in the bone marrow, spleen and liver, and a selective survival and growth of these tumour cells in the bone marrow and spleen but not in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vanderkerken
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Free University Brussels, Belgium
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