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Richter GM, Wagner G, Reichenmiller K, Staufenbiel I, Martins O, Löscher BS, Holtgrewe M, Jepsen S, Dommisch H, Schaefer AS. Exome Sequencing of 5 Families with Severe Early-Onset Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2021; 101:151-157. [PMID: 34515563 PMCID: PMC8807999 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211029266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by alveolar bone loss leading to tooth loss. A small proportion of patients develop severe periodontitis at the juvenile or adolescent age without exposure to the main risk factors of the disease. It is considered that these cases carry rare variants with large causal effects, but the specific variants are largely unknown. In this study, we performed exome sequencing of 5 families with children who developed stage IV, grade C, periodontitis between 3 and 18 y of age. In 1 family, we found compound heterozygous variants in the gene CTSC (p.R272H, p.G139R), 1 of which was previously identified in a family with prepubertal periodontitis. Subsequent targeted resequencing of the CTSC gene in 24 patients <25 y of age (stage IV, grade C) identified the known mutation p.I453V (odds ratio = 4.06, 95% CI = 1.6 to 10.3, P = 0.001), which was previously reported to increase the risk for adolescent periodontitis. An affected sibling of another family carried a homozygous deleterious mutation in the gene TUT7 (p.R560Q, CADD score >30 [Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion]), which is implicated in regulation of interleukin 6 expression. Two other affected siblings shared heterozygous deleterious mutations in the interacting genes PADI1 and FLG (both CADD = 36), which contribute to the integrity of the environment-tissue barrier interface. Additionally, we found predicted deleterious mutations in the periodontitis risk genes ABCA1, GLT6D1, and SIGLEC5. We conclude that the CTSC variants p.R272H and p.I453V have different expressivity and diagnostic relevance for prepubertal and adolescent periodontitis, respectively. We propose additional causal variants for early-onset periodontitis, which also locate within genes that carry known susceptibility variants for common forms. However, the genetic architecture of juvenile periodontitis is complex and differs among the affected siblings of the sequenced families.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Richter
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Wagner
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - I Staufenbiel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - O Martins
- Institute of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B S Löscher
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Holtgrewe
- Core Unit Bioinformatics-CUBI, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A S Schaefer
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Freitag-Wolf S, Munz M, Wiehe R, Junge O, Graetz C, Jockel-Schneider Y, Staufenbiel I, Bruckmann C, Lieb W, Franke A, Loos B, Jepsen S, Dommisch H, Schaefer A. Smoking Modifies the Genetic Risk for Early-Onset Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1332-1339. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034519875443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis has low-prevalence, highly severe disease manifestations with an early onset and rapid progression. The diagnosis is based on severe destruction of the alveolar bone in adolescents and young adults. Genetic susceptibility variants and smoking are well-established risk factors, but their interactions in modifying disease susceptibility have not been studied. We aimed to identify genetic risk variants of early-onset periodontitis that unmask their effects on tobacco smoke exposure. To this end, we analyzed 79,780,573 common variants in 741 northwest Europeans diagnosed to have >30% bone loss at >2 teeth before 35 y of age, using imputed genotypes of the OmniExpress BeadChip. Never versus ever smokers were compared in a logistic regression analysis via a case-only approach. To explore the effect of tobacco smoke on the expression of the G×S-associated genes, cultures of primary gingival fibroblasts ( n = 9) were exposed to cigarette smoke extract, and transcripts were quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We identified 16 loci for which our analysis suggested an association with G×S increased disease risk ( P < 5 × 10−5). Nine loci had previously been reported to be associated with spirometric measures of pulmonary function by an earlier G×S genome-wide association study. Genome-wide significant cis expression quantitative trait loci were reported for G×S-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms at ST8SIA1 and SOST, indicating a causal role of these genes in tobacco-related etiopathology. Notably, SOST is a negative regulator of bone growth, and ST8SIA1 has a role in tissue remodeling. Cigarette smoke extract significantly altered the expression of 2 associated genes: SSH1 ( P = 5 × 10−07), which is required for NF-κB activation and innate immune responses to bacterial invasion, and ST8SIA1 ( P = 0.0048). We conclude that the genetic predisposition to early-onset periodontitis is in part triggered by smoking and that tobacco smoke directly affects the expression of genes involved in bone homeostasis, tissue repair, and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Germany
| | - M. Munz
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–University Medicine Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - R. Wiehe
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–University Medicine Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - O. Junge
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Germany
| | - C. Graetz
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Y. Jockel-Schneider
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, Department of Periodontology, University Medical Center of the Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - I. Staufenbiel
- Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - C. Bruckmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W. Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - A. Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - B.G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S. Jepsen
- Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H. Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–University Medicine Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A.S. Schaefer
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–University Medicine Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Dommisch H, Staufenbiel I, Schulze K, Stiesch M, Winkel A, Fimmers R, Dommisch J, Jepsen S, Miosge N, Adam K, Eberhard J. Expression of antimicrobial peptides and interleukin-8 during early stages of inflammation: An experimental gingivitis study. J Periodontal Res 2015; 50:836-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Health Science Center; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry; University Hospital Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - I. Staufenbiel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - K. Schulze
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - M. Stiesch
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - A. Winkel
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - R. Fimmers
- Institute of Medical Biometry; Informatics and Epidemiology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - J. Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry; University Hospital Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - S. Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry; University Hospital Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - N. Miosge
- Research Group for Oral Biology and Tissue Regeneration; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry; University Hospital Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - K. Adam
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - J. Eberhard
- Clinic for Dental Prosthetics and Biomedical Materials Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
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