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Abstract
Patient safety is an important for health care services in the hospital setting. The most difficult obstacle in ensuring patient safety is creating a safety. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between the hospital work environment, nurses' characteristics, and patient safety. The method was a descriptive correlative study with a cross-sectional approach. The data were obtained from 123 ward nurses through using valid and reliable questionnaires. The results showed a significant relationship between hospital work environment and nurses' characteristics (education level, length of service, and training concerning patient safety) (p<.05). In contrast, nurses' age and marital status were not related to patient safety in the hospital (p>.05). Findings indicate that the hospital work environment and nurses' characteristics are related to patient safety. The study recommended to build a model of patient's safety culture that includes all aspects that influence patients' safety culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Faridah
- Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia; Faculty of Nursing, STIKes Yatsi, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | | | - Fatma Lestari
- Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
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Syafinaz Amin N, Faridah I, Rukman AH, Fathinul Fakri AS, Malina O, Fadzillah G, Ilina I. Parental refusal to diphtheria vaccine: a fatal outcome. Med J Malaysia 2013; 68:435-436. [PMID: 24632874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of a four-year-old boy who succumbed to diphtheria following incomplete course of immunisation, which included diphtheria vaccine. This case report focuses on the issues of parental refusal to vaccines and the development of "halal" vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Syafinaz Amin
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - I Faridah
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A H Rukman
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A S Fathinul Fakri
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - O Malina
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - G Fadzillah
- DEMC Specialist Hospital, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - I Ilina
- Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wan Nazaimoon WM, Siaw FS, Sheriff IH, Faridah I, Khalid BA. Serum creatine kinase: an adjunct biochemical index of subclinical thyrotoxicosis? Ann Clin Biochem 2001; 38:57-8. [PMID: 11270843 DOI: 10.1258/0004563011900290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W M Wan Nazaimoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Fadilah SA, Faridah I, Cheong SK. Transient hyperthyroidism following L-asparaginase therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med J Malaysia 2000; 55:513-5. [PMID: 11221167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of L-asparaginase on the thyroid gland has not been well documented. We report the first two cases of hyperthyroidism associated with thyroid nodule following L-asparaginase therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The thyroid function abnormalities were not severe, short-lived and did not require specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Fadilah
- Department of Haematology and Transplantation, MAKNA-HUKM Cancer Institute, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Tenteram, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur
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Nazaimoon WM, Azmi KN, Rasat R, Ismail IS, Singaraveloo M, Mohamad WB, Letchuman R, Sheriff IH, Faridah I, Khalid BA. Autoimmune markers in young Malaysian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Med J Malaysia 2000; 55:318-23. [PMID: 11200711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the prevalence and significance of autoantibodies to GAD65 (GAD Ab), insulin (IAA), tyrosine-like phosphatase (IA2) and islet-cell (ICA) in a group of 213 young Malaysian Type 1 diabetics, diagnosed before the age of 40 years. Venous blood was taken at fasting, and at 6 minutes post-glucagon (1 mg i.v.). IAA was detected in 47.4%, GAD Ab in 33.8%, IA2 in 8.9% and ICA in 1.4% of the subjects. When based on post-glucagon C-peptide level of 600 pmol/L, 172 (80.7%) patients had inadequate pancreatic reserve, while the remainder 41(19.3%) showed normal response. The autoantibodies, either alone or in combination, were detectable in both groups of patients; higher prevalence in those with poor or no beta-cell function (73.3% versus 46.3%, p = 0.0001). Although the prevalence of GAD Ab was highest in newly diagnosed patients (< 5 years), unlike IA2 and ICA, the marker remained detectable in 24-25% of those patients with long-standing disease. Nineteen patients could probably belong to the "latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)" subset, where pancreatic reserve was adequate but patients had detectable autoantibodies and insulin-requiring. On the other hand, 68 of the 213 patients (32%) were seronegative, but presented with near or total beta-cell destruction. Thus, as has also been suggested by others, there is indeed etiological differences between the Asian and the Caucasian Type 1 diabetics, and, there is also the possibility that other, but unknown autoantigens are involved in causing the pancreatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Nazaimoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur
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Meah FA, Qureshi A, Jasmi AY, Rohaizak M, Faridah I, Khalid BA, Zulfiqar MA, Sharifah NA. Pancreatic insulinomas--a study of 15 cases from 1978-98. Med J Malaysia 2000; 55:242-245. [PMID: 19839153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen cases of insulinoma were managed at HUKM over a period of 20 years. Although all patients presented with neurological symptoms, the diagnosis was delayed in all. Fasting hypoglycaemia and the measurement of C-peptide levels eventually made the diagnosis. Pre-operative localization investigations were not particularly useful. Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) detected 72% of the insulinomas, while 93% of the insulinomas were identified intraoperatively by palpation. All the insulinomas were detected intraoperatively with the combination of the two techniques. Twelve of 15 patients had benign adenomas including one patient with MEN-1 syndrome. Two patients had malignant insulinomas. One patient refused surgery. Nine patients underwent pancreatic resections and the remaining 5 patients had the adenomas enucleated.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Meah
- Department of Surgery, Hospital University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur
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Ismail IS, Nazaimoon WM, Mohamad WB, Letchuman R, Singaraveloo M, Pendek R, Faridah I, Rasat R, Sheriff IH, Khalid BA. Sociodemographic determinants of glycaemic control in young diabetic patients in peninsular Malaysia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2000; 47:57-69. [PMID: 10660222 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(99)00104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that good glycaemic control can prevent the development of diabetic complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We wished to observe the glycaemic control in patients from different centres in Peninsular Malaysia and the factors that determine it. We recruited 926 patients with diabetes diagnosed before age 40 years from seven different centres, with proportionate representation from the three main ethnic groups. Clinical history and physical examination were done and blood taken for HbA1c and fasting glucose. The overall glycaemic control was poor with geometric mean HbA1c of 8.6% whilst 61.1% of the patients had HbA1c greater than 8%. Glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes varied between various centres and ethnic groups, with the best control obtained in Chinese patients. Significant predictors of HbA1c in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes include access to nurse educators, ethnic background and WHR. In type 2 diabetes, use of insulin was a significant predictor, while in type 1 diabetes, household income was a significant predictor. Socioeconomic status did not have a significant effect in type 2 diabetes. There were no significant differences in the glycaemic control in patients with different educational status. In conclusion, glycaemic control in big hospitals in Malaysia was poor, and was closely related to the availability of diabetes care facilities and ethnic group, rather than socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wan Nazaimoon WM, Letchuman R, Noraini N, Ropilah AR, Zainal M, Ismail IS, Wan Mohamad WB, Faridah I, Singaraveloo M, Sheriff IH, Khalid BA. Systolic hypertension and duration of diabetes mellitus are important determinants of retinopathy and microalbuminuria in young diabetics. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1999; 46:213-21. [PMID: 10624787 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(99)00095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study looked at the prevalence of microalbuminuria and retinopathy in a cohort of 926 young, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and determined the factors which were associated with these microvascular complications. The prevalence of microalbuminuria, defined as the albumin:creatinine ratio > or = 2.5 (for males) or > or = 3.5 mg/mmol (for females), was 13.4% in Type 1 DM, 69.5% in insulin-requiring Type 2 DM and 16% in Type 2 DM treated only with oral hypoglycemic agents. Compared to those with normal renal functions, these patients were older (P < or = 0.01), had significantly elevated blood pressures (P < 0.01 or P = 0.0001), and in the case of Type 1 DM, with a higher body mass index (P = 0.0001) and waist-hip ratio (P < 0.01). The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Type 1 DM was found to increase with the duration of diabetes, from 1.4% in the newly-onset (< 5 years), to 9.9% in those with 5-10 years disease, to 35% among patients with more than 10 years of diabetes (P < 0.0001). In this study, it was also observed that 10% of the Type 2 DM patients already had retinopathy within 5 years of diagnosis, and the prevalence increased significantly to 42.9% (P < 0.0001) among patients who had been diabetics for more than 10 years. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that besides the disease duration, systolic blood pressure was the most common and significant determinant for both microalbuminuria and retinopathy in both types of DM, thus implying that in order to reduce the risk of microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus, systolic and not just the diastolic blood pressure, should be effectively controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Wan Nazaimoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wan Nazaimoon WM, Faridah I, Singaraveloo M, Ismail IS, Wan Mohamad WB, Letchuman R, Rasat R, Pendek R, Hew FL, Sheriff IH, Khalid BA. Prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies amongst young Malaysian diabetics. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1999; 43:59-66. [PMID: 10199589 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(98)00108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD Ab) in a group of 926 young Malaysian diabetics of three ethnic groups, Malay, Chinese, and Indian. Patients were clinically diagnosed to be Type 1 or Type 2 before the age of 40 years. The overall GAD Ab positivity was 17.4% (161/926), significantly higher in the Type 1 than the Type 2 diabetics (35.5%, 116/329 vs. 7.5%, 45/597, P=0.0001). Compared to GAD Ab negative patients, seropositive diabetics were diagnosed at younger age (21.2+/-0.9 vs. 27.4+/-0.3 y, P=0.0001), had lower fasting (289+/-27.4 vs. 640+/-17.6 pmol/l, P=0.0001) and post-glucagon C-peptide levels (527+/-51.8 vs. 1030+/-28.9 pmol/l, P=0.0001). There were no racial differences in the prevalence of GAD Ab; of the total Type 1, 30.8, 36.4, and 39.4% were Malay, Chinese, and Indian diabetics, respectively and of the total Type 2, 8.8, 8.2, and 4.4% were Malay, Chinese, and Indian diabetics respectively. There was a curvilinear relationship between GAD Ab and the post-glucagon C-peptide levels, suggesting that GAD Ab do play a role in the beta-cells destruction and could be an important immune marker for the LADA group. This study reconfirmed previous reports that the autoimmune mechanisms in the Type 1 Asian diabetics are indeed different from the Caucasians, and further investigations should be carried out to explain the differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Wan Nazaimoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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