The usability of the ratio of bi-humerus breadth to maximum pelvic breadth in sex estimation

BACKGROUND

Although sex can be determined with high accuracy in forensic anthropology, additional parameters are still required.

AIM

To estimate with known simple statistical methods, the usability of the bi-humerus/maximum pelvic breadth ratio in sex estimation.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

Bi-humerus breadth and maximum pelvic breadth were measured using the topogram images (196 males, 171 females), the ratio between them was calculated. We examined the usability of the ratio of the distance between the lateral edges of the right and left humeral heads to the maximum distance between the two most lateral parts of the iliac crests in sex estimation.

RESULTS

There was significant difference in the bi-humerus breadth and "bi-humerus breadth/maximum pelvic breadth" according to sex. The greatest breadth of the pelvis was higher in females, yet the difference was not statistically significant. The ratio yielded 80.6%-90.3% accuracy for females and 73.6%-74.7% for males, depending on arm position.

CONCLUSIONS

The obtained data may contribute to the development of formulas created with metric measurements used in sex estimation. This can be used as a parameter to help in estimating the sex of skeletal remains found as a whole or excavated without losing their integrity, and also in the reconstruction of body structure.

Comparison of clinical outcomes and repair integrity after arthroscopic versus mini-open rotator cuff repair: An observational study

This study aimed to evaluate the differences between mini-open (MO) and arthroscopic (ART) repair procedures for rotator cuff tendon tears in terms of clinical and radiological outcomes. This retrospective study included 59 patients, and data were collected prospectively. Patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears were randomized to undergo MO or ART repair at 2 centers by 2 surgeons between January 2012 and December 2017. Data were collected 3 weeks before surgery and 6 and 12 months after surgery. Physical function was assessed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons index, VAS, and Constant scoring system. Radiological outcomes were assessed using the Sugaya classification, adapted for ultrasound. Changes between baseline and follow-up were compared between the 2 groups. Fifty-nine patients who underwent ART or MO rotator cuff repair were included in this study. The 2 groups had similar demographic characteristics and preoperative baseline parameters. Both the MO and ART groups showed statistically significant improvement in outcome parameters (P ≤ .0001); however, cuff repair integrity was significantly better in the ART group (P = .023). All other improvements in the patient-derived parameters were equivalent. None of the patients in either group required revision surgery. According to the results of our retrospective study, MO and ART rotator cuff repair are effective and viable options for surgeons to repair rotator cuff tears. There were no differences in objective and subjective outcomes between the full ART and MO techniques for rotator cuff tears. Surgeons should choose a technique with which they are more familiar.

Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of musculoskeletal hydatid disease

BACKGROUND

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection seen in endemic areas. Musculoskeletal hydatid disease is rarely reported.

PURPOSE

To describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of musculoskeletal hydatid disease and to highlight the specific findings in the diagnosis of hydatid cysts.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The MRI scans of 29 cases diagnosed as musculoskeletal hydatid disease between 2000 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The localization, size, appearance (unilocular or multilocular), signal characteristics, rim sign, presence of internal septa and membrane, and gadolinium enhancement pattern of hydatid cysts were evaluated.

RESULTS

A total of 29 patients diagnosed with hydatid cyst were included in the study. Of the lesions, 18 were localized in bone and 11 were in soft tissue. The bone hydatid cysts on MRI showed heterogeneous low to intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images in the medullary bone. In 15/18 patients, there was also cortical destruction and extension into the adjacent soft tissue planes. In 8/11 cases where the cyst was located in muscle tissue, the "cyst or cysts within a cyst" appearance was observed on MRI. The rim sign was observed in 7/11 cases and the "water lily" sign was noted in 2/11 cases.

CONCLUSION

MRI provides valuable information for the diagnosis of hydatid disease with its distinctive imaging features. Knowledge of the different patterns of hydatid cysts on MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of this disease.