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Shang L, Yeh LC, Zhao Y, Wiegand I, Peelen MV. Category-based attention facilitates memory search. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0012-24.2024. [PMID: 38331577 PMCID: PMC10897531 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0012-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We often need to decide whether the object we look at is also the object we look for. When we look for one specific object, this process can be facilitated by feature-based attention. However, when we look for many objects at the same time (e.g., the products on our shopping list) such a strategy may no longer be possible, as research has shown that we can actively prepare to detect only one or two objects at a time. Therefore, looking for multiple objects additionally requires long-term memory search, slowing down decision making. Interestingly, however, previous research has shown that distractor objects can be efficiently rejected during memory search when they are from a different category than the items in the memory set. Here, using EEG, we show that this efficiency is supported by top-down attention at the category level. In Experiment 1, human participants (both sexes) performed a memory search task on individually presented objects from different categories, most of which were distractors. We observed category-level attentional modulation of distractor processing from ∼150 ms after stimulus onset, expressed both as an evoked response modulation and as an increase in decoding accuracy of same-category distractors. In Experiment 2, memory search was performed on two concurrently presented objects. When both objects were distractors, spatial attention (indexed by the N2pc component) was directed to the object that was of the same category as the objects in the memory set. Together, these results demonstrate how top-down attention can facilitate memory search.Significance statement When we are in the supermarket, we repeatedly decide whether a product we look at (e.g., a banana) is on our memorized shopping list (e.g., apples, oranges, kiwis). This requires searching our memory, which takes time. However, when the product is of an entirely different category (e.g., dairy instead of fruit), the decision can be made quickly. Here, we used EEG to show that this between-category advantage in memory search tasks is supported by top-down attentional modulation of visual processing: The visual response evoked by distractor objects was modulated by category membership, and spatial attention was quickly directed to the location of within-category (vs. between-category) distractors. These results demonstrate a close link between attention and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Shang
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lu-Chun Yeh
- Mathematical Institute, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Physics, Geography, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Yuanfang Zhao
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Iris Wiegand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marius V Peelen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Wiegand I, Wolfe J. Effects of target value and prevalence on foraging in aging. J Vis 2021. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.9.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University
| | - Jeremy Wolfe
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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3
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Wiegand I, Westenberg E, Wolfe JM. Order, please! Explicit sequence learning in hybrid search in younger and older age. Mem Cognit 2021; 49:1220-1235. [PMID: 33876402 PMCID: PMC8313466 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-021-01157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sequence learning effects in simple perceptual and motor tasks are largely unaffected by normal aging. However, less is known about sequence learning in more complex cognitive tasks that involve attention and memory processes and how this changes with age. In this study, we examined whether incidental and intentional sequence learning would facilitate hybrid visual and memory search in younger and older adults. Observers performed a hybrid search task, in which they memorized four or 16 target objects and searched for any of those target objects in displays with four or 16 objects. The memorized targets appeared either in a repeating sequential order or in random order. In the first experiment, observers were not told about the sequence before the experiment. Only a subset of younger adults and none of the older adults incidentally learned the sequence. The "learners" acquired explicit knowledge about the sequence and searched faster in the sequence compared to random condition. In the second experiment, observers were told about the sequence before the search task. Both younger and older adults searched faster in sequence blocks than random blocks. Older adults, however, showed this sequence-learning effect only in blocks with smaller target sets. Our findings indicate that explicit sequence knowledge can facilitate hybrid search, as it allows observers to predict the next target and restrict their visual and memory search. In older age, the sequence-learning effect is constrained by load, presumably due to age-related decline in executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Behavior and Cognition, Department of Neuropsychology and Rehabilitation Psychology, Radboud University, Postbus 9104, 6500, HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Visual Attention Lab, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Erica Westenberg
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeremy M Wolfe
- Visual Attention Lab, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wiegand I, Wolfe JM. Target value and prevalence influence visual foraging in younger and older age. Vision Res 2021; 186:87-102. [PMID: 34062375 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and reward-value of targets have an influence on visual search. The strength of the effect of an item's reward-value on attentional selection varies substantially between individuals and is potentially sensitive to aging. We investigated individual and age differences in a hybrid foraging task, in which the prevalence and value of multiple target types was varied. Using optimal foraging theory measures, foraging was more efficient overall in younger than older observers. However, the influence of prevalence and value on target selections was similar across age groups, suggesting that the underlying cognitive mechanisms are preserved in older age. When prevalence was varied but target value was balanced, younger and older observers preferably selected the most frequent target type and were biased to select another instance of the previously selected target type. When value was varied, younger and older observers showed a tendency to select high-value targets, but preferences were more diverse between individuals. When value and prevalence were inversely related, some observers showed particularly strong preferences for high-valued target types, while others showed a preference for high-prevalent, albeit low-value, target types. In younger adults, individual differences in the selection choices correlated with a personality index, suggesting that avoiding selections of low-value targets may be related to reward-seeking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Neuropsychology and Rehabilitation Psychology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Visual Attention Lab, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jeremy M Wolfe
- Visual Attention Lab, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology & Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Williams L, Wiegand I, Lavelle M, Wolfe J, Fukuda K, Drew T. What is the role of working memory in hybrid search?: Evidence from the Contralateral Delay Activity. J Vis 2020. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.20.11.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Wiegand
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard University
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research
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6
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Westenberg E, Wolfe JM, Wiegand I. Explicit Sequence Learning in Hybrid Visual Search in Younger and Older Age. J Vis 2019. [DOI: 10.1167/19.10.308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Westenberg
- Department of Neuro-Cognitive Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich
| | - Jeremy M Wolfe
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Iris Wiegand
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin
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de Liaño BGG, de Liaño BGG, Wiegand I, Eimer M, Võ MLH, García-Delgado L, Horowitz T. Visual Search: From Youth to Old Age, from the Lab to the World. J Vis 2019. [DOI: 10.1167/19.10.7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wiegand I. Visual Search in the older age: Understanding cognitive decline. J Vis 2019. [DOI: 10.1167/19.10.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Max Planck UCL Center for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research
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Abstract
In hybrid foraging tasks, observers search visual displays, so called patches, for multiple instances of any of several types of targets with the goal of collecting targets as quickly as possible. Here, targets were photorealistic objects. Younger and older adults collected targets by mouse clicks. They could move to the next patch whenever they decided to do so. The number of targets held in memory varied between 8 and 64 objects, and the number of items (targets and distractors) in the patches varied between 60 and 105 objects. Older adults foraged somewhat less efficiently than younger adults due to a more exploitative search strategy. When target items became depleted in a patch and search slowed down, younger adults acted according to the optimal foraging theory and moved on to the next patch when the instantaneous rate of collection was close to their average rate of collection. Older adults, by contrast, were more likely to stay longer and spend time searching for the last few targets. Within a patch, both younger and older adults tended to collect the same type of target in "runs." This behavior is more efficient than continual switching between target types. Furthermore, after correction for general age-related slowing, RT × set size functions revealed largely preserved attention and memory functions in older age. Hybrid foraging tasks share features with important real-world search tasks. Differences between younger and older observers on this task may therefore help to explain age differences in many complex search tasks of daily life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Visual Attention Lab, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | | | - Jeremy Wolfe
- Visual Attention Lab, Brigham and Women's Hospital
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10
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Brosnan MB, Demaria G, Petersen A, Dockree PM, Robertson IH, Wiegand I. Plasticity of the Right-Lateralized Cognitive Reserve Network in Ageing. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:1749-1759. [PMID: 28444373 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive reserve (CR) is the phenomenon where older adults with more cognitively stimulating environments show less age-related cognitive decline. The right-lateralized fronto-parietal network has been proposed to significantly contribute to CR and visual attention in ageing. In this study we tested whether plasticity of this network may be harnessed in ageing.We assessed CR and parameters of visual attention capacity in older adults. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was employed to increase right fronto-parietal activity during a lateralized whole-report task. At baseline, older adults with greater CR showed a stronger hemifield asymmetry in processing speed towards the left visual-field, indicative of stronger involvement of the right hemisphere in these individuals. Correspondingly, processing speed improved during right prefrontal tDCS. Older adults with lower levels of CR showed tDCS-related improvements in processing speed in the left but not right hemifield: thus tDCS temporarily altered their processing speed asymmetry to resemble that of their high reserve peers.The finding that stronger right hemisphere involvement is related to CR supports Robertson's theory. Furthermore, preserved plasticity within the right prefrontal cortex in older adults suggests this is a viable target area to improve visual processing speed, a hallmark of age-related decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méadhbh B Brosnan
- Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giorgia Demaria
- Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Ireland.,Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Petersen
- Centre for Visual Cognition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul M Dockree
- Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian H Robertson
- Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Iris Wiegand
- Centre for Visual Cognition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Lifespan Development, Max-Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Wiegand I, Sander MC. Cue-related processing accounts for age differences in phasic alerting. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 79:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iris Wiegand
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research
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Wiegand I, Wolfe JM. Age doesn't matter much: hybrid visual and memory search is preserved in older adults. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2019; 27:220-253. [PMID: 31050319 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1604941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We tested younger and older observers' attention and long-term memory functions in a "hybrid search" task, in which observers look through visual displays for instances of any of several types of targets held in memory. Apart from a general slowing, search efficiency did not change with age. In both age groups, reaction times increased linearly with the visual set size and logarithmically with the memory set size, with similar relative costs of increasing load (Experiment 1). We replicated the finding and further showed that performance remained comparable between age groups when familiarity cues were made irrelevant (Experiment 2) and target-context associations were to be retrieved (Experiment 3). Our findings are at variance with theories of cognitive aging that propose age-specific deficits in attention and memory. As hybrid search resembles many real-world searches, our results might be relevant to improve the ecological validity of assessing age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Visual Attention Lab, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeremy M Wolfe
- Visual Attention Lab, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Departments of Ophthalmology & Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Gomila A, Carratalà J, Eliakim-Raz N, Shaw E, Wiegand I, Vallejo-Torres L, Gorostiza A, Vigo JM, Morris S, Stoddart M, Grier S, Vank C, Cuperus N, Van den Heuvel L, Vuong C, MacGowan A, Leibovici L, Addy I, Pujol M. Risk factors and prognosis of complicated urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitalized patients: a retrospective multicenter cohort study. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:2571-2581. [PMID: 30588040 PMCID: PMC6302800 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s185753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) are among the most frequent health-care-associated infections. In patients with cUTI, Pseudomonas aeruginosa deserves special attention, since it can affect patients with serious underlying conditions. Our aim was to gain insight into the risk factors and prognosis of P. aeruginosa cUTIs in a scenario of increasing multidrug resistance (MDR). Methods This was a multinational, retrospective, observational study at 20 hospitals in south and southeastern Europe, Turkey, and Israel including consecutive patients with cUTI hospitalized between January 2013 and December 2014. A mixed-effect logistic regression model was performed to assess risk factors for P. aeruginosa and MDR P. aeruginosa cUTI. Results Of 1,007 episodes of cUTI, 97 (9.6%) were due to P. aeruginosa. Resistance rates of P. aeruginosa were: antipseudomonal cephalosporins 35 of 97 (36.1%), aminoglycosides 30 of 97 (30.9%), piperacillin-tazobactam 21 of 97 (21.6%), fluoroquinolones 43 of 97 (44.3%), and carbapenems 28 of 97 (28.8%). The MDR rate was 28 of 97 (28.8%). Independent risk factors for P. aeruginosa cUTI were male sex (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.60-4.27), steroid therapy (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.10-5.27), bedridden functional status (OR 1.79, 95% CI 0.99-3.25), antibiotic treatment within the previous 30 days (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.38-3.94), indwelling urinary catheter (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.43-4.08), and procedures that anatomically modified the urinary tract (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.04-3.87). Independent risk factors for MDR P. aeruginosa cUTI were age (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99) and anatomical urinary tract modification (OR 4.75, 95% CI 1.06-21.26). Readmission was higher in P. aeruginosa cUTI patients than in other etiologies (23 of 97 [23.7%] vs 144 of 910 [15.8%], P=0.04), while 30-day mortality was not significantly different (seven of 97 [7.2%] vs 77 of 910 [8.5%], P=0.6). Conclusion Patients with P. aeruginosa cUTI had characteristically a serious baseline condition and manipulation of the urinary tract, although their mortality was not higher than that of patients with cUTI caused by other etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Gomila
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS-HUB), Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD12/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain, .,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain,
| | - J Carratalà
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS-HUB), Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD12/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain, .,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain, .,Infectious Diseases Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Eliakim-Raz
- Department of Medicine E, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tiqva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - E Shaw
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS-HUB), Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD12/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain, .,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain,
| | - I Wiegand
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - L Vallejo-Torres
- UCL Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Gorostiza
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain,
| | - J M Vigo
- Informatics Unit, Fundació Institut Català de Farmacologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Morris
- UCL Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Stoddart
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - S Grier
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - C Vank
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - N Cuperus
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L Van den Heuvel
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C Vuong
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A MacGowan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - L Leibovici
- Department of Medicine E, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tiqva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - I Addy
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Pujol
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS-HUB), Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD12/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain, .,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain,
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Visual Attention Lab, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard UniversityMax Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research
| | - Jeremy Wolfe
- Visual Attention Lab, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard University
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16
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Westenberg E, Wolfe J, Wiegand I. Sequence Learning in Hybrid Visual Search. J Vis 2018. [DOI: 10.1167/18.10.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Westenberg
- Department of Neuro-Cognitive Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Jeremy Wolfe
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Iris Wiegand
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolMax Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research
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17
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Wiegand I, Napiórkowski N, Töllner T, Petersen A, Habekost T, Müller HJ, Finke K. Event-related Electroencephalographic Lateralizations Mark Individual Differences in Spatial and Nonspatial Visual Selection. J Cogn Neurosci 2017; 30:482-497. [PMID: 29244636 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Selective attention controls the distribution of our visual system's limited processing resources to stimuli in the visual field. Two independent parameters of visual selection can be quantified by modeling an individual's performance in a partial-report task based on the computational theory of visual attention (TVA): (i) top-down control α, the relative attentional weighting of relevant over irrelevant stimuli, and (ii) spatial bias wλ, the relative attentional weighting of stimuli in the left versus right hemifield. In this study, we found that visual event-related electroencephalographic lateralizations marked interindividual differences in these two functions. First, individuals with better top-down control showed higher amplitudes of the posterior contralateral negativity than individuals with poorer top-down control. Second, differences in spatial bias were reflected in asymmetries in earlier visual event-related lateralizations depending on the hemifield position of targets; specifically, individuals showed a positivity contralateral to targets presented in their prioritized hemifield and a negativity contralateral to targets presented in their nonprioritized hemifield. Thus, our findings demonstrate that two functionally different aspects of attentional weighting quantified in the respective TVA parameters are reflected in two different neurophysiological measures: The observer-dependent spatial bias influences selection by a bottom-up processing advantage of stimuli appearing in the prioritized hemifield. By contrast, task-related target selection governed by top-down control involves active enhancement of target, and/or suppression of distractor, processing. These results confirm basic assumptions of the TVA framework, complement the functional interpretation of event-related lateralization components in selective attention studies, and are of relevance for the development of neurocognitive attentional assessment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research.,Max Planck Institute for Human Development.,Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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Wiegand I, Lauritzen MJ, Osler M, Mortensen EL, Rostrup E, Rask L, Richard N, Horwitz A, Benedek K, Vangkilde S, Petersen A. EEG correlates of visual short-term memory in older age vary with adult lifespan cognitive development. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 62:210-220. [PMID: 29175710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Visual short-term memory (vSTM) is a cognitive resource that declines with age. This study investigated whether electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of vSTM vary with cognitive development over individuals' lifespan. We measured vSTM performance and EEG in a lateralized whole-report task in a healthy birth cohort, whose cognitive function (intelligence quotient) was assessed in youth and late-middle age. Higher vSTM capacity (K; measured by Bundesen's theory of visual attention) was associated with higher amplitudes of the contralateral delay activity (CDA) and the central positivity (CP). In addition, rightward hemifield asymmetry of vSTM (Kλ) was associated with lower CDA amplitudes. Furthermore, more severe cognitive decline from young adulthood to late-middle age predicted higher CDA amplitudes, and the relationship between K and the CDA was less reliable in individuals who show higher levels of cognitive decline compared to individuals with preserved abilities. By contrast, there was no significant effect of lifespan cognitive changes on the CP or the relationship between behavioral measures of vSTM and the CP. Neither the CDA, nor the CP, nor the relationships between K or Kλ and the event-related potentials were predicted by individuals' current cognitive status. Together, our findings indicate complex age-related changes in processes underlying behavioral and EEG measures of vSTM and suggest that the K-CDA relationship might be a marker of cognitive lifespan trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin J Lauritzen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Merete Osler
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lene Rask
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nelly Richard
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Horwitz
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Krisztina Benedek
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Signe Vangkilde
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Petersen
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wiegand I, Petersen A, Bundesen C, Habekost T. Adult age differences in phasic alerting effects on components of visual attention. J Vis 2017. [DOI: 10.1167/17.10.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of CopenhagenMax-Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research
| | - Anders Petersen
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen
| | - Claus Bundesen
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen
| | - Thomas Habekost
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Max-Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Lifespan Development, Max-Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anders Petersen
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Bundesen
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Habekost
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wiegand I, Petersen A, Finke K, Bundesen C, Lansner J, Habekost T. Behavioral and Brain Measures of Phasic Alerting Effects on Visual Attention. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:176. [PMID: 28443009 PMCID: PMC5385325 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated effects of phasic alerting on visual attention in a partial report task, in which half of the displays were preceded by an auditory warning cue. Based on the computational Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), we estimated parameters of spatial and non-spatial aspects of visual attention and measured event-related lateralizations (ERLs) over visual processing areas. We found that the TVA parameter sensory effectiveness a, which is thought to reflect visual processing capacity, significantly increased with phasic alerting. By contrast, the distribution of visual processing resources according to task relevance and spatial position, as quantified in parameters top-down control α and spatial bias windex, was not modulated by phasic alerting. On the electrophysiological level, the latencies of ERLs in response to the task displays were reduced following the warning cue. These results suggest that phasic alerting facilitates visual processing in a general, unselective manner and that this effect originates in early stages of visual information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Lifespan Development, Max-Planck Institute for Human DevelopmentBerlin, Germany.,Max-Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing ResearchBerlin, Germany
| | - Anders Petersen
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrin Finke
- General and Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) MunichMunich, Germany.,Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University HospitalJena, Germany
| | - Claus Bundesen
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon Lansner
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Habekost
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
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Horwitz A, Dyhr Thomsen M, Wiegand I, Horwitz H, Klemp M, Nikolic M, Rask L, Lauritzen M, Benedek K. Visual steady state in relation to age and cognitive function. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171859. [PMID: 28245274 PMCID: PMC5330460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neocortical gamma activity is crucial for sensory perception and cognition. This study examines the value of using non-task stimulation-induced EEG oscillations to predict cognitive status in a birth cohort of healthy Danish males (Metropolit) with varying cognitive ability. In particular, we examine the steady-state VEP power response (SSVEP-PR) in the alpha (8Hz) and gamma (36Hz) bands in 54 males (avg. age: 62.0 years) and compare these with 10 young healthy participants (avg. age 27.6 years). Furthermore, we correlate the individual alpha-to-gamma difference in relative visual-area power (ΔRV) with cognitive scores for the older adults. We find that ΔRV decrease with age by just over one standard deviation when comparing young with old participants (p<0.01). Furthermore, intelligence is significantly negatively correlated with ΔRV in the older adult cohort, even when processing speed, global cognition, executive function, memory, and education (p<0.05). In our preferred specification, an increase in ΔRV of one standard deviation is associated with a reduction in intelligence of 48% of a standard deviation (p<0.01). Finally, we conclude that the difference in cerebral rhythmic activity between the alpha and gamma bands is associated with age and cognitive status, and that ΔRV therefore provide a non-subjective clinical tool with which to examine cognitive status in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Horwitz
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet–Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, Glostrup, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Mia Dyhr Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet–Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Iris Wiegand
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Horwitz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, København NV, Denmark
| | - Marc Klemp
- Department of Economics and Population Studies & Training Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miki Nikolic
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet–Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lene Rask
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet–Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet–Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Krisztina Benedek
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet–Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, Glostrup, Denmark
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Wiegand I, Petersen A, Lansner J, Finke K, Habekost T. Auditory alerting enhances visual attentional processing: Evidence from computational modeling and event-related lateralizations. J Vis 2016. [DOI: 10.1167/16.12.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wiegand I, Hennig-Fast K, Kilian B, Müller HJ, Töllner T, Möller HJ, Engel RR, Finke K. EEG correlates of visual short-term memory as neuro-cognitive endophenotypes of ADHD. Neuropsychologia 2016; 85:91-9. [PMID: 26972967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently persists into adulthood. A reduction in visual short-term memory (vSTM) storage capacity was recently suggested as a potential neuro-cognitive endophenotype, i.e., a testable marker of an individual's liability for developing ADHD. This study aimed at identifying markers of the brain abnormalities underlying vSTM reductions in adult ADHD. We combined behavioral parameter-based assessment with electrophysiology in groups of adult ADHD patients and healthy age-matched controls. Amplitudes of ERP markers of vSTM storage capacity, the contralateral delay activity (CDA) and the P3b, were analyzed according to (i) differences between individuals with higher vs. lower storage capacity K and (ii) differences between ADHD patients and control participants. We replicated the finding of reduced storage capacity in adult ADHD. Across groups, individuals with higher relative to lower storage capacity showed a larger CDA and P3b. We further found differences between the patient and control groups in the ERPs: The CDA amplitude was attenuated in an early time window for ADHD patients compared to control participants, and was negatively correlated with ADHD patients' symptom severity ratings. Furthermore, the P3b was larger in ADHD patients relative to control participants. These electrophysiological findings indicate altered brain mechanisms underlying visual storage capacity in ADHD, which are characterized by deficient encoding and maintenance, and increased recruitment of control processes. Accordingly, (quantifiable) ERP markers of vSTM in adult ADHD bear candidacy as neuro-cognitive endophenotypes of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80802 Munich, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kristina Hennig-Fast
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80335 Munich, Germany; Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Bielefeld Evangelical Hospital, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Hermann J Müller
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80802 Munich, Germany; School of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Töllner
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80802 Munich, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Möller
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf R Engel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Finke
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80802 Munich, Germany.
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Wiegand I, Finke K, Töllner T, Starman K, Müller HJ, Conci M. Age-related decline in global form suppression. Biol Psychol 2015; 112:116-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wiegand I, Kilian B, Hennig-Fast K, Müller H, Töllner T, Finke K. EEG markers of reduced visual short-term memory capacity in adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Vis 2015. [DOI: 10.1167/15.12.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Cross-Villasana F, Finke K, Hennig-Fast K, Kilian B, Wiegand I, Müller HJ, Möller HJ, Töllner T. The Speed of Visual Attention and Motor-Response Decisions in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:107-15. [PMID: 25773661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit slowed reaction times (RTs) in various attention tasks. The exact origins of this slowing, however, have not been established. Potential candidates are early sensory processes mediating the deployment of focal attention, stimulus response translation processes deciding upon the appropriate motor response, and motor processes generating the response. METHODS We combined mental chronometry (RT) measures of adult ADHD (n = 15) and healthy control (n = 15) participants with their lateralized event-related potentials during the performance of a visual search task to differentiate potential sources of slowing at separable levels of processing: the posterior contralateral negativity (PCN) was used to index focal-attentional selection times, while the lateralized readiness potentials synchronized to stimulus and response events were used to index the times taken for response selection and production, respectively. To assess the clinical relevance of event-related potentials, a correlation analysis between neural measures and subjective current and retrospective ADHD symptom ratings was performed. RESULTS ADHD patients exhibited slower RTs than control participants, which were accompanied by prolonged PCN and lateralized readiness potentials synchronized to stimulus, but not lateralized readiness potentials synchronized to response events, latencies. Moreover, the PCN timing was positively correlated with ADHD symptom ratings. CONCLUSIONS The behavioral RT slowing of adult ADHD patients was based on a summation of internal processing delays arising at perceptual and response selection stages; motor response production, by contrast, was not impaired. The correlation between PCN times and ADHD symptom ratings suggests that this brain signal may serve as a potential candidate for a neurocognitive endophenotype of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cross-Villasana
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Germany.; Department of Sport-and-Health-Science, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Finke
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Germany.; Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, Københavns Universitet, København, Denmark.. /de
| | - Kristina Hennig-Fast
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.; Faculty of Psychology, Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beate Kilian
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Germany.; Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Iris Wiegand
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Germany.; Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, Københavns Universitet, København, Denmark
| | - Hermann Joseph Müller
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Germany.; Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Möller
- School of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Töllner
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Germany.; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Munich, Germany
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Wiegand I, Töllner T, Dyrholm M, Müller HJ, Bundesen C, Finke K. Neural correlates of age-related decline and compensation in visual attention capacity. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2161-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wiegand I, Nielsen C, Petersen A, Dyrholm M, Bundesen C. Brain signatures of reward-dependent bias in visual attention. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Fabian J, Lodrini M, Schier MC, Thole T, Kopp-Schneider A, Capper D, Deimling AV, Oehme I, Wiegand I, Milde T, Roels F, Fischer M, Kulozik AE, Witt O, Deubzer HE. GRHL1 inhibits tumorigenicity and is a prognostic marker in neuroblastoma. Klin Padiatr 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wiegand I, Milde T, Deubzer HE, Balasubramanian S, Witt O, Oehme I. Selective inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 8 as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma. Klin Padiatr 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wiegand I, Töllner T, Habekost T, Dyrholm M, Müller HJ, Finke K. Distinct neural markers of TVA-based visual processing speed and short-term storage capacity parameters. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:1967-78. [PMID: 23535180 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An individual's visual attentional capacity is characterized by 2 central processing resources, visual perceptual processing speed and visual short-term memory (vSTM) storage capacity. Based on Bundesen's theory of visual attention (TVA), independent estimates of these parameters can be obtained from mathematical modeling of performance in a whole report task. The framework's neural interpretation (NTVA) further suggests distinct brain mechanisms underlying these 2 functions. Using an interindividual difference approach, the present study was designed to establish the respective ERP correlates of both parameters. Participants with higher compared to participants with lower processing speed were found to show significantly reduced visual N1 responses, indicative of higher efficiency in early visual processing. By contrast, for participants with higher relative to lower vSTM storage capacity, contralateral delay activity over visual areas was enhanced while overall nonlateralized delay activity was reduced, indicating that holding (the maximum number of) items in vSTM relies on topographically specific sustained activation within the visual system. Taken together, our findings show that the 2 main aspects of visual attentional capacity are reflected in separable neurophysiological markers, validating a central assumption of NTVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80802, Germany Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Thomas Töllner
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Thomas Habekost
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1353 CopenhagenK, Denmark
| | - Mads Dyrholm
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1353 CopenhagenK, Denmark
| | - Hermann J Müller
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80802, Germany Department of Psychology, Birkbeck College, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Kathrin Finke
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80802, Germany Neuro-Cognitive Psychology und Center for Interdisciplinary Research, University Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Wiegand I, Finke K, Müller HJ, Töllner T. Event-related potentials dissociate perceptual from response-related age effects in visual search. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:973-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wiegand I, Bader R, Mecklinger A. Multiple ways to the prior occurrence of an event: an electrophysiological dissociation of experimental and conceptually driven familiarity in recognition memory. Brain Res 2011; 1360:106-18. [PMID: 20816760 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that familiarity contributes to associative memory when the to-be-associated stimuli are unitized during encoding. However, the specific processes underlying familiarity-based recognition of unitized representations are still indefinite. In this study, we present electrophysiologically dissociable early old/new effects, presumably related to two different kinds of familiarity inherent in associative recognition tasks. In a study-test associative recognition memory paradigm, we employed encoding conditions that established unitized representations of two pre-experimentally unrelated words, e.g. vegetable-bible. We compared event-related potentials (ERP) during the retrieval of these unitized word pairs using different retrieval cues. Word pairs presented in the same order as during unitization at encoding elicited a parietally distributed early old/new effect which we interpret as reflecting conceptually driven familiarity for newly formed concepts. Conversely, word pairs presented in reversed order only elicited a topographically dissociable early effect, i.e. the mid-frontal old/new effect, the putative correlate of experimental familiarity. The late parietal old/new effect, the putative ERP correlate of recollection, was obtained irrespective of word order, though it was larger for words presented in same order. These results indicate that familiarity may not be a unitary process and that different task demands can promote the assessment of conceptually driven familiarity for novel unitized concepts or experimentally-induced increments of experimental familiarity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Gloor M, Schulz U, Wieland G, Wiegand I, Friederich H. Beitrag zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Hautoberflächenlipide in der Praxis. Dermatology 2009. [DOI: 10.1159/000252132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Henrichfreise B, Wiegand I, Pfister W, Wiedemann B. Resistance mechanisms of multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from Germany and correlation with hypermutation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:4062-70. [PMID: 17876002 PMCID: PMC2151423 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00148-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 04/08/2007] [Accepted: 09/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the mechanisms of multiresistance for 22 clinical multiresistant and clonally different Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from Germany. Twelve and 10 strains originated from cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF patients, respectively. Overproduction of the efflux systems MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, MexEF-OprN, and MexXY-OprM was studied. Furthermore, loss of OprD, alterations in type II topoisomerases, AmpC overproduction, and the presence of 25 acquired resistance determinants were investigated. The presence of a hypermutation phenotype was also taken into account. Besides modifications in GyrA (91%), the most frequent mechanisms of resistance were MexXY-OprM overproduction (82%), OprD loss (82%), and AmpC overproduction (73%). Clear differences between strains from CF and non-CF patients were found: numerous genes coding for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and located, partially in combination with beta-lactamase genes, in class 1 integrons were found only in strains from non-CF patients. Furthermore, multiple modifications in type II topoisomerases conferring high quinolone resistance levels and overexpression of MexAB-OprM were exclusively detected in multiresistant strains from non-CF patients. Correlations of the detected phenotypes and resistance mechanisms revealed a great impact of efflux pump overproduction on multiresistance in P. aeruginosa. Confirming previous studies, we found that additional, unknown chromosomally mediated resistance mechanisms remain to be determined. In our study, 11 out of 12 strains and 3 out of 10 strains from CF patients and non-CF patients, respectively, were hypermutable. This extremely high proportion of mutator strains should be taken into consideration for the treatment of multiresistant P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Henrichfreise
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Wiedemann B, Pfeifle D, Wiegand I, Janas E. beta-Lactamase induction and cell wall recycling in gram-negative bacteria. Drug Resist Updat 2007; 1:223-6. [PMID: 16904404 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-7646(98)80002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/1998] [Revised: 05/20/1998] [Accepted: 05/25/1998] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
beta-Lactams with the ability to induce beta-lactamase in gram-negative bacteria bind to essential penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) after entering the periplasmic space. This leads to inactivation of transpeptidase activities and thereby a decrease in the number of peptide cross-links, allowing further degradation of murein by soluble lytic transglycosylases. If all DD-carboxypeptidases (PBP 4, 5, 6a and 6b) are inhibited as well, the degradation product aD-pentapeptide (N-acetylglucosaminyl-1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic-acid-D-alanyl-D- alanine) accumulates, which is the case with inducing beta-lactams such as imipenem. These molecules in addition to tri- and tetrapeptides (N-acetylglucosaminyl-1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic-acid-[D-alanine]) which are the usual degradation products of peptidoglycan, are released into the cytoplasm and displace the UDP-pentapeptide (UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic-acid-D-alanyl-D-alanine) from the DNA-binding protein AmpR, converting it into an activator of AmpC beta-lactamase expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wiedemann
- Pharmazeutische Mikrobiologie, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Gloor M, Wiegand I, Friederich HC. [Amounts and composition of surface lipids in the so-called seborrhoic eczema]. Dermatol Monatsschr 1972; 158:759-64. [PMID: 4269403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Gloor M, Graumann U, Kionke M, Wiegand I, Friederich HC. Menge und Zusammensetzung der Hautoberfl�chenlipide bei Patienten mit Acne vulgaris und gesunden Vergleichspersonen. Arch Dermatol Res 1972. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00595417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gloor M, Graumann U, Wiegand I, Friederich HC. �ber den Einflu� der Tetracyclintherapie bei Acne vulgaris auf Menge und Zusammensetzung der Hautoberfl�chenlipide bei verschiedener Dosierung. Arch Dermatol Res 1972. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00595416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gloor M, Strack R, Wiegand I. Über den Einfluß der Hautoberflächenlipide auf Alkalineutralisationsfähigkeit und Alkaliresistenz der Haut. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19720740309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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