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Triki R, Zouhal H, Chtourou H, Salhi I, Jebabli N, Saeidi A, Laher I, Hackney AC, Granacher U, Ben Abderrahman A. Timing of Resistance Training During Ramadan Fasting and Its Effects on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:579-589. [PMID: 37068775 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE During Ramadan month, Muslims often continue training to maintain their muscle performance. However, trainers should stress the importance of the time of day chosen for practicing resistance training (RT) during Ramadan fasting to avoid health and performance alteration. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the timing of RT during Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on muscle strength and hypertrophy in healthy male adults. METHODS Forty men were randomly allocated to 2 matched groups: 20 practicing whole-body RT in the late afternoon in a fasted state and 20 training in the late evening in a fed state (FED). Both groups performed 4 days per week of whole-body RT (∼75%-85% 1-repetition maximum, 12 repetitions/3-4 sets) during RIF. Anthropometric measurements and 1-repetition-maximum test for the squats, deadlift, and bench press were measured. A cross-sectional area of the quadriceps and biceps brachii was examined using ultrasound scans. All measurements were taken at 4 time points: 24 hours before the start of Ramadan, on the 15th day of Ramadan, on the 29th day of Ramadan, and 21 days after Ramadan. RESULTS Post hoc tests indicated significant preimprovement to postimprovement in FED at the 29th day of Ramadan for the 1-repetition-maximum test for the squats (P = .02; effect size = 0.21) and deadlift (P = .03; effect size = 0.24) when compared to 24 hours before the start of Ramadan. No significant changes were observed in the fasted-state group or for cross-sectional area for both groups. CONCLUSIONS Practicing RT during RIF appears not to have adverse effects on muscle hypertrophy and strength no matter whether it is practiced in FED or fasted state. However, RT had greater effects on muscle strength when applied in FED. Our findings suggest that training sessions should be scheduled after breaking the fast during Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoua Triki
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Kef,Tunisia
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement, Sport, Health and Sciences Laboratory (M2S), UFR APS, University of Rennes 2-ENS Cachan, Rennes,France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer,France
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax,Tunisia
- Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport, and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis,Tunisia
| | - Iyed Salhi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Kef,Tunisia
| | - Nidhal Jebabli
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Kef,Tunisia
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan,Iran
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,USA
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany
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Coppalle S, Ravé G, Moran J, Salhi I, Abderrahman AB, Zouita S, Granacher U, Zouhal H. Internal and External Training Load in Under-19 versus Professional Soccer Players during the In-Season Period. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:E558. [PMID: 33440830 PMCID: PMC7826948 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the training load of a professional under-19 soccer team (U-19) to that of an elite adult team (EAT), from the same club, during the in-season period. Thirty-nine healthy soccer players were involved (EAT [n = 20]; U-19 [n = 19]) in the study which spanned four weeks. Training load (TL) was monitored as external TL, using a global positioning system (GPS), and internal TL, using a rating of perceived exertion (RPE). TL data were recorded after each training session. During soccer matches, players' RPEs were recorded. The internal TL was quantified daily by means of the session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) using Borg's 0-10 scale. For GPS data, the selected running speed intensities (over 0.5 s time intervals) were 12-15.9 km/h; 16-19.9 km/h; 20-24.9 km/h; >25 km/h (sprint). Distances covered between 16 and 19.9 km/h, > 20 km/h and >25 km/h were significantly higher in U-19 compared to EAT over the course of the study (p = 0.023, d = 0.243, small; p = 0.016, d = 0.298, small; and p = 0.001, d = 0.564, small, respectively). EAT players performed significantly fewer sprints per week compared to U-19 players (p = 0.002, d = 0.526, small). RPE was significantly higher in U-19 compared to EAT (p = 0.001, d = 0.188, trivial). The external and internal measures of TL were significantly higher in the U-19 group compared to the EAT soccer players. In conclusion, the results obtained show that the training load is greater in U19 compared to EAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sullivan Coppalle
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, University of Rennes, M2S—EA 1274, F-35000 Rennes, France;
- Stade Lavallois Mayenne Football Club, 53000 Laval, France;
| | - Guillaume Ravé
- Stade Lavallois Mayenne Football Club, 53000 Laval, France;
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester 62326, UK;
| | - Iyed Salhi
- ISSEP Ksar-Essaid, University of La Manouba, Tunis 2000, Tunisia; (I.S.); (A.B.A.); (S.Z.)
| | | | - Sghaeir Zouita
- ISSEP Ksar-Essaid, University of La Manouba, Tunis 2000, Tunisia; (I.S.); (A.B.A.); (S.Z.)
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, University of Rennes, M2S—EA 1274, F-35000 Rennes, France;
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Pavillon T, Tourny C, Ben Aabderrahman A, Salhi I, Zouita S, Rouissi M, Hackney AC, Granacher U, Zouhal H. Sprint and jump performances in highly trained young soccer players of different chronological age: Effects of linear VS. CHANGE-OF-DIRECTION sprint training. J Exerc Sci Fit 2020; 19:81-90. [PMID: 33335554 PMCID: PMC7732877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two different sprint-training regimes on sprint and jump performances according to age in elite young male soccer players over the course of one soccer season. Methods Players were randomly assigned to two training groups. Group 1 performed systematic change-of-direction sprints (CODST, U19 [n = 9], U17 [n = 9], U15 [n = 10]) while group 2 conducted systematic linear sprints (LST, U19 [n = 9], U17 [n = 9], U15 [n = 9]). Training volumes were similar between groups (40 sprints per week x 30 weeks = 1200 sprints per season). Pre and post training, all players performed tests for the assessment of linear and slalom sprint speed (5-m and 10-m), countermovement jump, and maximal aerobic speed performance. Results For all physical fitness measures, the baseline-adjusted means data (ANCOVA) across the age groups showed no significant differences between LST and CODST at post (0.061 < p < 0.995; 0.0017 < d < 1.01). The analyses of baseline-adjusted means for all physical fitness measures for U15, U17, and U19 (LST vs. CODST) revealed no significant differences between LST and CODST for U15 (0.213 < p < 0.917; 0.001 < d < 0.087), U17 (0.132 < p < 0.976; 0.001 < d < 0.310), and U19 (0.300 < p < 0.999; 0.001 < d < 0.049) at post. Conclusions The results from this study showed that both, LST and CODST induced significant changes in the sprint, lower limbs power, and aerobic performances in young elite soccer players. Since no significant differences were observed between LST and CODST, the observed changes are most likely due to training and/or maturation. Therefore, more research is needed to elucidate whether CODST, LST or a combination of both is beneficial for youth soccer athletes' performance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pavillon
- Football Academy of Mohamed VI, Rabat, Morocco.,Department of Performance, French Football Federation (FFF), Paris, France
| | - Claire Tourny
- Department of Performance, French Football Federation (FFF), Paris, France
| | | | - Iyed Salhi
- High Institute of Sport Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Mehdi Rouissi
- University of Rouen Normandie, CETAPS - EA 3832, F- 76821, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) - EA 1274, F-35000, Rennes, France
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Coppalle S, Rave G, Ben Abderrahman A, Ali A, Salhi I, Zouita S, Zouita A, Brughelli M, Granacher U, Zouhal H. Relationship of Pre-season Training Load With In-Season Biochemical Markers, Injuries and Performance in Professional Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2019; 10:409. [PMID: 31031638 PMCID: PMC6474299 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is controversy in the literature in regards of the link between training load and injury rate. Thus, the aims of this non-interventional study were to evaluate relationships between pre-season training load with biochemical markers, injury incidence and performance during the first month of the competitive period in professional soccer players. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy professional soccer players were enrolled in this study over two pre-season periods. Data sets were available from 26 players during the first season (2014-2015) and 24 players during the second season (2015-2016) who completed two pre-season periods (6 weeks each). External training load was assessed from all athletes during training using Global Positioning System (GPS). Internal training load was monitored after each training session using rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Before and after each pre-season, blood samples were taken to determine plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Injury incidence and overall performance (ranking of the team after the first five official games of the championship) were recorded for both seasons separately. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in mean RPE values of the two-preparation periods (2737 ± 452 and 2629 ± 786 AU, p = 0.492). The correlational analysis did not reveal significant associations between internal and external training load (RPE and GPS data) and biological markers. There was a significant positive correlation between RPE and LDH during the 2015/2016 season (r = 0.974, p = 0.001). In addition, a significant negative correlation was found between total distance >20 km/h and CRP during the 2015-2016 season (r = -0.863, p = 0.027). The injury rates for the two seasons were 1.76 and 1.06 per 1000 h exposure for the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 seasons, respectively (p = 0.127). CONCLUSION Our study showed that pre-season training load is not associated with overall team performance. This association is most likely multifactorial and other factors (e.g., technical and tactical level of the team, opponents, environment) may play an important role for the collective team performance. Our findings may help coaches to better prepare their athletes during pre-season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sullivan Coppalle
- M2S (Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory), University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Rave
- Stade Lavallois Mayenne Football Club, Laval, France
- Department of Performance, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Ajmol Ali
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Iyed Salhi
- ISSEP Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Sghaier Zouita
- ISSEP Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zouita
- ISSEP Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Matt Brughelli
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT Millennium, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory), University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France
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Kersual N, Garambois V, Salhi I, Larbouret C, Bibeau F, Mollevi C, Chardès T, Pèlegrin A, Teulon I. 513 POSTER Anti-tumor effect of an anti-human Müllerian Inhibiting Substance type II receptor antibody in a nude mouse model for granulosa cell tumors: a new targeted therapy for ovarian cancer. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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