1
|
Banik P, Ray K, Kamps J, Chen QY, Luesch H, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J. VCP/p97 mediates nuclear targeting of non-ER-imported prion protein to maintain proteostasis. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302456. [PMID: 38570188 PMCID: PMC10992997 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mistargeting of secretory proteins in the cytosol can trigger their aggregation and subsequent proteostasis decline. We have identified a VCP/p97-dependent pathway that directs non-ER-imported prion protein (PrP) into the nucleus to prevent the formation of toxic aggregates in the cytosol. Upon impaired translocation into the ER, PrP interacts with VCP/p97, which facilitates nuclear import mediated by importin-ß. Notably, the cytosolic interaction of PrP with VCP/p97 and its nuclear import are independent of ubiquitination. In vitro experiments revealed that VCP/p97 binds non-ubiquitinated PrP and prevents its aggregation. Inhibiting binding of PrP to VCP/p97, or transient proteotoxic stress, promotes the formation of self-perpetuating and partially proteinase resistant PrP aggregates in the cytosol, which compromised cellular proteostasis and disrupted further nuclear targeting of PrP. In the nucleus, RNAs keep PrP in a soluble and non-toxic conformation. Our study revealed a novel ubiquitin-independent role of VCP/p97 in the nuclear targeting of non-imported secretory proteins and highlights the impact of the chemical milieu in triggering protein misfolding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Papiya Banik
- https://ror.org/04tsk2644 Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Koustav Ray
- https://ror.org/04tsk2644 Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Janine Kamps
- https://ror.org/04tsk2644 Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Bochum, Germany
| | - Qi-Yin Chen
- https://ror.org/02y3ad647 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- https://ror.org/02y3ad647 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- https://ror.org/04tsk2644 Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- https://ror.org/04tsk2644 Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Campanile M, Kurtul ED, Dec R, Möbitz S, Del Vecchio P, Petraccone L, Tatzelt J, Oliva R, Winter R. Morphological Transformations of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Biocondensates Mediated by Antimicrobial Peptides. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400048. [PMID: 38483823 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the discovery of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as excellent candidates for overcoming antibiotic resistance has attracted significant attention. AMPs are short peptides active against bacteria, cancer cells, and viruses. It has been shown that the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-P) undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation in the presence of RNA, resulting in biocondensate formation. These biocondensates are crucial for viral replication as they concentrate the viral RNA with the host cell's protein machinery required for viral protein expression. Thus, N-P biocondensates are promising targets to block or slow down viral RNA transcription and consequently virion assembly. We investigated the ability of three AMPs to interfere with N-P/RNA condensates. Using microscopy techniques, supported by biophysical characterization, we found that the AMP LL-III partitions into the condensate, leading to clustering. Instead, the AMP CrACP1 partitions into the droplets without affecting their morphology but reducing their dynamics. Conversely, GKY20 leads to the formation of fibrillar structures after partitioning. It can be expected that such morphological transformation severely impairs the normal functionality of the N-P droplets and thus virion assembly. These results could pave the way for the development of a new class of AMP-based antiviral agents targeting biocondensates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Campanile
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Emine Dila Kurtul
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Dec
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simone Möbitz
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pompea Del Vecchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Petraccone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rosario Oliva
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kamps J, Bader V, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J. Liquid-liquid phase separation of the prion protein is regulated by the octarepeat domain independently of histidines and copper. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107310. [PMID: 38657863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of the mammalian prion protein is mainly driven by its intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain (N-PrP). However, the specific intermolecular interactions that promote LLPS remain largely unknown. Here, we used extensive mutagenesis and comparative analyses of evolutionarily distant PrP species to gain insight into the relationship between protein sequence and phase behavior. LLPS of mouse PrP is dependent on two polybasic motifs in N-PrP that are conserved in all tetrapods. A unique feature of mammalian N-PrP is the octarepeat domain with four histidines that mediate binding to copper ions. We now show that the octarepeat is critical for promoting LLPS and preventing the formation of PrP aggregates. Amphibian N-PrP, which contains the polybasic motifs but lacks a repeat domain and histidines, does not undergo LLPS and forms nondynamic protein assemblies indicative of aggregates. Insertion of the mouse octarepeat domain restored LLPS of amphibian N-PrP, supporting its essential role in regulating the phase transition of PrP. This activity of the octarepeat domain was neither dependent on the four highly conserved histidines nor on copper binding. Instead, the regularly spaced tryptophan residues were critical for regulating LLPS, presumably via cation-π interactions with the polybasic motifs. Our study reveals a novel role for the tryptophan residues in the octarepeat in controlling phase transition of PrP and indicates that the ability of mammalian PrP to undergo LLPS has evolved with the octarepeat in the intrinsically disordered domain but independently of the histidines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Kamps
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Bochum, Germany; Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Polido SA, Stuani C, Voigt A, Banik P, Kamps J, Bader V, Grover P, Krause LJ, Zerr I, Matschke J, Glatzel M, Winklhofer KF, Buratti E, Tatzelt J. Cross-seeding by prion protein inactivates TDP-43. Brain 2024; 147:240-254. [PMID: 37669322 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A common pathological denominator of various neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of protein aggregates. Neurotoxic effects are caused by a loss of the physiological activity of the aggregating protein and/or a gain of toxic function of the misfolded protein conformers. In transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases, neurodegeneration is caused by aberrantly folded isoforms of the prion protein (PrP). However, it is poorly understood how pathogenic PrP conformers interfere with neuronal viability. Employing in vitro approaches, cell culture, animal models and patients' brain samples, we show that misfolded PrP can induce aggregation and inactivation of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43). Purified PrP aggregates interact with TDP-43 in vitro and in cells and induce the conversion of soluble TDP-43 into non-dynamic protein assemblies. Similarly, mislocalized PrP conformers in the cytosol bind to and sequester TDP-43 in cytosolic aggregates. As a consequence, TDP-43-dependent splicing activity in the nucleus is significantly decreased, leading to altered protein expression in cells with cytosolic PrP aggregates. Finally, we present evidence for cytosolic TDP-43 aggregates in neurons of transgenic flies expressing mammalian PrP and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients. Our study identified a novel mechanism of how aberrant PrP conformers impair physiological pathways by cross-seeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella A Polido
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Cristiana Stuani
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aaron Voigt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Papiya Banik
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Janine Kamps
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Prerna Grover
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura J Krause
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Matschke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Furthmann N, Bader V, Angersbach L, Blusch A, Goel S, Sánchez-Vicente A, Krause LJ, Chaban SA, Grover P, Trinkaus VA, van Well EM, Jaugstetter M, Tschulik K, Damgaard RB, Saft C, Ellrichmann G, Gold R, Koch A, Englert B, Westenberger A, Klein C, Jungbluth L, Sachse C, Behrends C, Glatzel M, Hartl FU, Nakamura K, Christine CW, Huang EJ, Tatzelt J, Winklhofer KF. NEMO reshapes the α-Synuclein aggregate interface and acts as an autophagy adapter by co-condensation with p62. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8368. [PMID: 38114471 PMCID: PMC10730909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
NEMO is a ubiquitin-binding protein which regulates canonical NF-κB pathway activation in innate immune signaling, cell death regulation and host-pathogen interactions. Here we identify an NF-κB-independent function of NEMO in proteostasis regulation by promoting autophagosomal clearance of protein aggregates. NEMO-deficient cells accumulate misfolded proteins upon proteotoxic stress and are vulnerable to proteostasis challenges. Moreover, a patient with a mutation in the NEMO-encoding IKBKG gene resulting in defective binding of NEMO to linear ubiquitin chains, developed a widespread mixed brain proteinopathy, including α-synuclein, tau and TDP-43 pathology. NEMO amplifies linear ubiquitylation at α-synuclein aggregates and promotes the local concentration of p62 into foci. In vitro, NEMO lowers the threshold concentrations required for ubiquitin-dependent phase transition of p62. In summary, NEMO reshapes the aggregate surface for efficient autophagosomal clearance by providing a mobile phase at the aggregate interphase favoring co-condensation with p62.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Furthmann
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lena Angersbach
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alina Blusch
- Department of Neurology, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Simran Goel
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ana Sánchez-Vicente
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura J Krause
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah A Chaban
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Prerna Grover
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Victoria A Trinkaus
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eva M van Well
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maximilian Jaugstetter
- Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kristina Tschulik
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rune Busk Damgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carsten Saft
- Department of Neurology, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gisa Ellrichmann
- Department of Neurology, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Dortmund, University Witten/Herdecke, 44135, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arend Koch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Englert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Westenberger
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lisa Jungbluth
- Ernst-Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C-3/Structural Biology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Biological Information Processing (IBI-6/Cellular Structural Biology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Carsten Sachse
- Ernst-Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C-3/Structural Biology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Biological Information Processing (IBI-6/Cellular Structural Biology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Ulrich Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chadwick W Christine
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ramos S, Kamps J, Pezzotti S, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J, Havenith M. Hydration makes a difference! How to tune protein complexes between liquid-liquid and liquid-solid phase separation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28063-28069. [PMID: 37840355 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03299j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how protein rich condensates formed upon liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) evolve into solid aggregates is of fundamental importance for several medical applications, since these are suspected to be hot-spots for many neurotoxic diseases. This requires developing experimental approaches to observe in real-time both LLPS and liquid-solid phase separation (LSPS), and to unravel the delicate balance of protein and water interactions dictating the free energy differences between the two. We present a vibrational THz spectroscopy approach that allows doing so from the point of view of hydration water. We focus on a cellular prion protein of high medical relevance, which we can drive to undergo either LLPS or LSPS with few mutations. We find that it is a subtle balance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic solvation contributions that allows tuning between LLPS and LSPS. Hydrophobic hydration provides an entropic driving force to phase separation, through the release of hydration water into the bulk. Water hydrating hydrophilic groups provides an enthalpic driving force to keep the condensates in a liquid state. As a result, when we modify the protein by a few mutations to be less hydrophilic, we shift from LLPS to LSPS. This molecular understanding paves the way for a rational design of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sashary Ramos
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Janine Kamps
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Simone Pezzotti
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr Unviersity Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martina Havenith
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Goel S, Oliva R, Jeganathan S, Bader V, Krause LJ, Kriegler S, Stender ID, Christine CW, Nakamura K, Hoffmann JE, Winter R, Tatzelt J, Winklhofer KF. Linear ubiquitination induces NEMO phase separation to activate NF-κB signaling. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201607. [PMID: 36720498 PMCID: PMC9889916 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB essential modulator NEMO is the core regulatory component of the inhibitor of κB kinase complex, which is a critical checkpoint in canonical NF-κB signaling downstream of innate and adaptive immune receptors. In response to various stimuli, such as TNF or IL-1β, NEMO binds to linear or M1-linked ubiquitin chains generated by LUBAC, promoting its oligomerization and subsequent activation of the associated kinases. Here we show that M1-ubiquitin chains induce phase separation of NEMO and the formation of NEMO assemblies in cells after exposure to IL-1β. Phase separation is promoted by both binding of NEMO to linear ubiquitin chains and covalent linkage of M1-ubiquitin to NEMO and is essential but not sufficient for its phase separation. Supporting the functional relevance of NEMO phase separation in signaling, a pathogenic NEMO mutant, which is impaired in both binding and linkage to linear ubiquitin chains, does not undergo phase separation and is defective in mediating IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simran Goel
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rosario Oliva
- Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sadasivam Jeganathan
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura J Krause
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- RESOLV Cluster of Excellence, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Simon Kriegler
- Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Isabelle D Stender
- Protein Chemistry Facility, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Ken Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jan-Erik Hoffmann
- Protein Chemistry Facility, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- RESOLV Cluster of Excellence, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- RESOLV Cluster of Excellence, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- RESOLV Cluster of Excellence, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu Z, Berlemann LA, Bader V, Sehr DA, Dawin E, Covallero A, Meschede J, Angersbach L, Showkat C, Michaelis JB, Münch C, Rieger B, Namgaladze D, Herrera MG, Fiesel FC, Springer W, Mendes M, Stepien J, Barkovits K, Marcus K, Sickmann A, Dittmar G, Busch KB, Riedel D, Brini M, Tatzelt J, Cali T, Winklhofer KF. LUBAC assembles a ubiquitin signaling platform at mitochondria for signal amplification and transport of NF-κB to the nucleus. EMBO J 2022; 41:e112006. [PMID: 36398858 PMCID: PMC9753471 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are increasingly recognized as cellular hubs to orchestrate signaling pathways that regulate metabolism, redox homeostasis, and cell fate decisions. Recent research revealed a role of mitochondria also in innate immune signaling; however, the mechanisms of how mitochondria affect signal transduction are poorly understood. Here, we show that the NF-κB pathway activated by TNF employs mitochondria as a platform for signal amplification and shuttling of activated NF-κB to the nucleus. TNF treatment induces the recruitment of HOIP, the catalytic component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), and its substrate NEMO to the outer mitochondrial membrane, where M1- and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are generated. NF-κB is locally activated and transported to the nucleus by mitochondria, leading to an increase in mitochondria-nucleus contact sites in a HOIP-dependent manner. Notably, TNF-induced stabilization of the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 furthermore contributes to signal amplification by antagonizing the M1-ubiquitin-specific deubiquitinase OTULIN. Overall, our study reveals a role for mitochondria in amplifying TNF-mediated NF-κB activation, both serving as a signaling platform, as well as a transport mode for activated NF-κB to the nuclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Wu
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Lena A Berlemann
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Dominik A Sehr
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Eva Dawin
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
- Leibniz‐Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.VDortmundGermany
| | | | - Jens Meschede
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Lena Angersbach
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Cathrin Showkat
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Jonas B Michaelis
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Christian Münch
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Bettina Rieger
- Institute for Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of MedicineGoethe‐University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Maria Georgina Herrera
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Fabienne C Fiesel
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFLUSA
- Neuroscience PhD ProgramMayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesJacksonvilleFLUSA
| | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFLUSA
- Neuroscience PhD ProgramMayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesJacksonvilleFLUSA
| | - Marta Mendes
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthStrassenLuxembourg
| | - Jennifer Stepien
- Medizinisches Proteom‐CenterRuhr‐Universität BochumBochumGermany
- Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI)Ruhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Katalin Barkovits
- Medizinisches Proteom‐CenterRuhr‐Universität BochumBochumGermany
- Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI)Ruhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom‐CenterRuhr‐Universität BochumBochumGermany
- Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI)Ruhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz‐Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.VDortmundGermany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthStrassenLuxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of LuxembourgBelvauxLuxembourg
| | - Karin B Busch
- Institute for Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory for Electron MicroscopyMax Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE)University of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
- RESOLV Cluster of ExcellenceRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Tito Cali
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE)University of PadovaPaduaItaly
- Padua Neuroscience Center (PNC)University of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
- RESOLV Cluster of ExcellenceRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Atarod D, Mamashli F, Ghasemi A, Moosavi-Movahedi F, Pirhaghi M, Nedaei H, Muronetz V, Haertlé T, Tatzelt J, Riazi G, Saboury AA. Bivalent metal ions induce formation of α-synuclein fibril polymorphs with different cytotoxicities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11898. [PMID: 35831343 PMCID: PMC9279330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates are key components of intracellular inclusion bodies characteristic of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Metal ions have been considered as the important etiological factors in PD since their interactions with α-Syn alter the kinetics of fibrillation. In the present study, we have systematically explored the effects of Zn2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ cations on α-Syn fibril formation. Specifically, we determined fibrillation kinetics, size, morphology, and secondary structure of the fibrils and their cytotoxic activity. While all cations accelerate fibrillation, we observed distinct effects of the different ions. For example, Zn2+ induced fibrillation by lower tlag and higher kapp and formation of shorter fibrils, while Ca2+ ions lead to formation of longer fibrils, as evidenced by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy studies. Additionally, the morphology of formed fibrils was different. Circular dichroism and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies revealed higher contents of β-sheets in fibrils. Interestingly, cell viability studies indicated nontoxicity of α-Syn fibrils formed in the presence of Zn2+ ions, while the fibrils formed in the presence of Cu2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were cytotoxic. Our results revealed that α-Syn fibrils formed in the presence of different divalent cations have distinct structural and cytotoxic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyhim Atarod
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mamashli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Ghasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mitra Pirhaghi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Nedaei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vladimir Muronetz
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Thomas Haertlé
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,National Institute of Agronomic and Environmental Research, 44316, Nantes, France
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Linsenmeier L, Mohammadi B, Shafiq M, Frontzek K, Bär J, Shrivastava AN, Damme M, Song F, Schwarz A, Da Vela S, Massignan T, Jung S, Correia A, Schmitz M, Puig B, Hornemann S, Zerr I, Tatzelt J, Biasini E, Saftig P, Schweizer M, Svergun D, Amin L, Mazzola F, Varani L, Thapa S, Gilch S, Schätzl H, Harris DA, Triller A, Mikhaylova M, Aguzzi A, Altmeppen HC, Glatzel M. Ligands binding to the prion protein induce its proteolytic release with therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj1826. [PMID: 34818048 PMCID: PMC8612689 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The prion protein (PrPC) is a central player in neurodegenerative diseases, such as prion diseases or Alzheimer’s disease. In contrast to disease-promoting cell surface PrPC, extracellular fragments act neuroprotective by blocking neurotoxic disease-associated protein conformers. Fittingly, PrPC release by the metalloprotease ADAM10 represents a protective mechanism. We used biochemical, cell biological, morphological, and structural methods to investigate mechanisms stimulating this proteolytic shedding. Shed PrP negatively correlates with prion conversion and is markedly redistributed in murine brain in the presence of prion deposits or amyloid plaques, indicating a sequestrating activity. PrP-directed ligands cause structural changes in PrPC and increased shedding in cells and organotypic brain slice cultures. As an exception, some PrP-directed antibodies targeting repetitive epitopes do not cause shedding but surface clustering, endocytosis, and degradation of PrPC. Both mechanisms may contribute to beneficial actions described for PrP-directed ligands and pave the way for new therapeutic strategies against currently incurable neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luise Linsenmeier
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Behnam Mohammadi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohsin Shafiq
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl Frontzek
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Bär
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amulya N. Shrivastava
- École Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), INSERM, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Markus Damme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Feizhi Song
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schwarz
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Da Vela
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tania Massignan
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Sebastian Jung
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Angela Correia
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Berta Puig
- Department of Neurology, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Hornemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Bochum, Germany
| | - Emiliano Biasini
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Dmitri Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ladan Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federica Mazzola
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Simrika Thapa
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sabine Gilch
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hermann Schätzl
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David A. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antoine Triller
- École Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), INSERM, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hermann C. Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oliva R, Mukherjee SK, Ostermeier L, Pazurek LA, Kriegler S, Bader V, Prumbaum D, Raunser S, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J, Winter R. Cover Feature: Remodeling of the Fibrillation Pathway of α‐Synuclein by Interaction with Antimicrobial Peptide LL‐III (Chem. Eur. J. 46/2021). Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Oliva
- Physical Chemistry I – Biophysical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Sanjib K. Mukherjee
- Physical Chemistry I – Biophysical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Lena Ostermeier
- Physical Chemistry I – Biophysical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Lilli A. Pazurek
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Germany
| | - Simon Kriegler
- Physical Chemistry I – Biophysical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department Molecular Cell Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Germany
| | - Daniel Prumbaum
- Department of Structural Biochemistry Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Konstanze F. Winklhofer
- Department Molecular Cell Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I – Biophysical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Polido SA, Kamps J, Tatzelt J. Biological Functions of the Intrinsically Disordered N-Terminal Domain of the Prion Protein: A Possible Role of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1201. [PMID: 34439867 PMCID: PMC8391301 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian prion protein (PrPC) is composed of a large intrinsically disordered N-terminal and a structured C-terminal domain, containing three alpha-helical regions and a short, two-stranded beta-sheet. Traditionally, the activity of a protein was linked to the ability of the polypeptide chain to adopt a stable secondary/tertiary structure. This concept has been extended when it became evident that intrinsically disordered domains (IDDs) can participate in a broad range of defined physiological activities and play a major functional role in several protein classes including transcription factors, scaffold proteins, and signaling molecules. This ability of IDDs to engage in a variety of supramolecular complexes may explain the large number of PrPC-interacting proteins described. Here, we summarize diverse physiological and pathophysiological activities that have been described for the unstructured N-terminal domain of PrPC. In particular, we focus on subdomains that have been conserved in evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella A. Polido
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (S.A.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Janine Kamps
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (S.A.P.); (J.K.)
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (S.A.P.); (J.K.)
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oliva R, Mukherjee SK, Ostermeier L, Pazurek LA, Kriegler S, Bader V, Prumbaum D, Raunser S, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J, Winter R. Remodeling of the Fibrillation Pathway of α-Synuclein by Interaction with Antimicrobial Peptide LL-III. Chemistry 2021; 27:11845-11851. [PMID: 34165838 PMCID: PMC8457056 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a key mechanism for intracellular organization, and many recent studies have provided important insights into the role of LLPS in cell biology. There is also evidence that LLPS is associated with a variety of medical conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders. Pathological aggregation of α‐synuclein, which is causally linked to Parkinson's disease, can proceed via droplet condensation, which then gradually transitions to the amyloid state. We show that the antimicrobial peptide LL‐III is able to interact with both monomers and condensates of α‐synuclein, leading to stabilization of the droplet and preventing conversion to the fibrillar state. The anti‐aggregation activity of LL‐III was also confirmed in a cellular model. We anticipate that studying the interaction of antimicrobial‐type peptides with liquid condensates such as α‐synuclein will contribute to the understanding of disease mechanisms (that arise in such condensates) and may also open up exciting new avenues for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Oliva
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sanjib K Mukherjee
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lena Ostermeier
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lilli A Pazurek
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Simon Kriegler
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Prumbaum
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kamps J, Lin YH, Oliva R, Bader V, Winter R, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J. The N-terminal domain of the prion protein is required and sufficient for liquid-liquid phase separation: A crucial role of the Aβ-binding domain. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100860. [PMID: 34102212 PMCID: PMC8254114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of biomolecular condensates through liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) has been described for several pathogenic proteins linked to neurodegenerative diseases and is discussed as an early step in the formation of protein aggregates with neurotoxic properties. In prion diseases, neurodegeneration and formation of infectious prions is caused by aberrant folding of the cellular prion protein (PrPC). PrPC is characterized by a large intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain and a structured C-terminal globular domain. A significant fraction of mature PrPC is proteolytically processed in vivo into an entirely unstructured fragment, designated N1, and the corresponding C-terminal fragment C1 harboring the globular domain. Notably, N1 contains a polybasic motif that serves as a binding site for neurotoxic Aβ oligomers. PrP can undergo LLPS; however, nothing is known how phase separation of PrP is triggered on a molecular scale. Here, we show that the intrinsically disordered N1 domain is necessary and sufficient for LLPS of PrP. Similar to full-length PrP, the N1 fragment formed highly dynamic liquid-like droplets. Remarkably, a slightly shorter unstructured fragment, designated N2, which lacks the Aβ-binding domain and is generated under stress conditions, failed to form liquid-like droplets and instead formed amorphous assemblies of irregular structures. Through a mutational analysis, we identified three positively charged lysines in the postoctarepeat region as essential drivers of condensate formation, presumably largely via cation–π interactions. These findings provide insights into the molecular basis of LLPS of the mammalian prion protein and reveal a crucial role of the Aβ-binding domain in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Kamps
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rosario Oliva
- Division of Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Division of Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ahlers J, Adams EM, Bader V, Pezzotti S, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J, Havenith M. The key role of solvent in condensation: Mapping water in liquid-liquid phase-separated FUS. Biophys J 2021; 120:1266-1275. [PMID: 33515602 PMCID: PMC8059208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of biomolecular condensates through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a pervasive principle in cell biology, allowing compartmentalization and spatiotemporal regulation of dynamic cellular processes. Proteins that form condensates under physiological conditions often contain intrinsically disordered regions with low-complexity domains. Among them, the RNA-binding proteins FUS and TDP-43 have been a focus of intense investigation because aberrant condensation and aggregation of these proteins is linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. LLPS occurs when protein-rich condensates form surrounded by a dilute aqueous solution. LLPS is per se entropically unfavorable. Energetically favorable multivalent protein-protein interactions are one important aspect to offset entropic costs. Another proposed aspect is the release of entropically unfavorable preordered hydration water into the bulk. We used attenuated total reflection spectroscopy in the terahertz frequency range to characterize the changes in the hydrogen bonding network accompanying the FUS enrichment in liquid-liquid phase-separated droplets to provide experimental evidence for the key role of the solvent as a thermodynamic driving force. The FUS concentration inside LLPS droplets was determined to be increased to 2.0 mM independent of the initial protein concentration (5 or 10 μM solutions) by fluorescence measurements. With terahertz spectroscopy, we revealed a dewetting of hydrophobic side chains in phase-separated FUS. Thus, the release of entropically unfavorable water populations into the bulk goes hand in hand with enthalpically favorable protein-protein interaction. Both changes are energetically favorable, and our study shows that both contribute to the thermodynamic driving force in phase separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Ahlers
- Department Physical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ellen M Adams
- Department Physical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Simone Pezzotti
- Department Physical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martina Havenith
- Department Physical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sangeetham SB, Engelke AD, Fodor E, Krausz SL, Tatzelt J, Welker E. The G127V variant of the prion protein interferes with dimer formation in vitro but not in cellulo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3116. [PMID: 33542378 PMCID: PMC7862613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Scrapie prion, PrPSc, formation is the central event of all types of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), while the pathway with possible intermediates and their mechanism of formation from the normal isoform of prion (PrP), remains not fully understood. Recently, the G127V variant of the human PrP is reported to render the protein refractory to transmission of TSEs, via a yet unknown mechanism. Molecular dynamics studies suggested that this mutation interferes with the formation of PrP dimers. Here we analyze the dimerization of 127G and 127VPrP, in both in vitro and a mammalian cell culture system. Our results show that while molecular dynamics may capture the features affecting dimerization in vitro, G127V inhibiting dimer formation of PrP, these are not evidenced in a more complex cellular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Babu Sangeetham
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Dugonics square 13, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Anna Dorothee Engelke
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elfrieda Fodor
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Sarah Laura Krausz
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Kecskemét, 6000, Hungary
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Ervin Welker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mohammadi B, Linsenmeier L, Shafiq M, Puig B, Galliciotti G, Giudici C, Willem M, Eden T, Koch-Nolte F, Lin YH, Tatzelt J, Glatzel M, Altmeppen HC. Transgenic Overexpression of the Disordered Prion Protein N1 Fragment in Mice Does Not Protect Against Neurodegenerative Diseases Due to Impaired ER Translocation. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2812-2829. [PMID: 32367491 PMCID: PMC7253391 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The structurally disordered N-terminal half of the prion protein (PrPC) is constitutively released into the extracellular space by an endogenous proteolytic cleavage event. Once liberated, this N1 fragment acts neuroprotective in ischemic conditions and interferes with toxic peptides associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyloid-beta (Aβ) in Alzheimer’s disease. Since analog protective effects of N1 in prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, have not been studied, and given that the protease releasing N1 has not been identified to date, we have generated and characterized transgenic mice overexpressing N1 (TgN1). Upon intracerebral inoculation of TgN1 mice with prions, no protective effects were observed at the levels of survival, clinical course, neuropathological, or molecular assessment. Likewise, primary neurons of these mice did not show protection against Aβ toxicity. Our biochemical and morphological analyses revealed that this lack of protective effects is seemingly due to an impaired ER translocation of the disordered N1 resulting in its cytosolic retention with an uncleaved signal peptide. Thus, TgN1 mice represent the first animal model to prove the inefficient ER translocation of intrinsically disordered domains (IDD). In contrast to earlier studies, our data challenge roles of cytoplasmic N1 as a cell penetrating peptide or as a potent “anti-prion” agent. Lastly, our study highlights both the importance of structured domains in the nascent chain for proteins to be translocated and aspects to be considered when devising novel N1-based therapeutic approaches against neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Mohammadi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luise Linsenmeier
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohsin Shafiq
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Berta Puig
- Department of Neurology, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giovanna Galliciotti
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Camilla Giudici
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Eden
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann C Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meschede J, Šadić M, Furthmann N, Miedema T, Sehr DA, Müller-Rischart AK, Bader V, Berlemann LA, Pilsl A, Schlierf A, Barkovits K, Kachholz B, Rittinger K, Ikeda F, Marcus K, Schaefer L, Tatzelt J, Winklhofer KF. The parkin-coregulated gene product PACRG promotes TNF signaling by stabilizing LUBAC. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/617/eaav1256. [PMID: 32019898 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Parkin-coregulated gene (PACRG), which encodes a protein of unknown function, shares a bidirectional promoter with Parkin (PRKN), which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Because PRKN is important in mitochondrial quality control and protection against stress, we tested whether PACRG also affected these pathways in various cultured human cell lines and in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. PACRG did not play a role in mitophagy but did play a role in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling. Similarly to Parkin, PACRG promoted nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation in response to TNF. TNF-induced nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65 and NF-κB-dependent transcription were decreased in PACRG-deficient cells. Defective canonical NF-κB activation in the absence of PACRG was accompanied by a decrease in linear ubiquitylation mediated by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), which is composed of the two E3 ubiquitin ligases HOIP and HOIL-1L and the adaptor protein SHARPIN. Upon TNF stimulation, PACRG was recruited to the activated TNF receptor complex and interacted with LUBAC components. PACRG functionally replaced SHARPIN in this context. In SHARPIN-deficient cells, PACRG prevented LUBAC destabilization, restored HOIP-dependent linear ubiquitylation, and protected cells from TNF-induced apoptosis. This function of PACRG in positively regulating TNF signaling may help to explain the association of PACRG and PRKN polymorphisms with an increased susceptibility to intracellular pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Meschede
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Maria Šadić
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolas Furthmann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tim Miedema
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik A Sehr
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Verian Bader
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lena A Berlemann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anna Pilsl
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Anita Schlierf
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Katalin Barkovits
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Kachholz
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Fumiyo Ikeda
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmacenter Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute for General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany. .,Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
van Well EM, Bader V, Patra M, Sánchez-Vicente A, Meschede J, Furthmann N, Schnack C, Blusch A, Longworth J, Petrasch-Parwez E, Mori K, Arzberger T, Trümbach D, Angersbach L, Showkat C, Sehr DA, Berlemann LA, Goldmann P, Clement AM, Behl C, Woerner AC, Saft C, Wurst W, Haass C, Ellrichmann G, Gold R, Dittmar G, Hipp MS, Hartl FU, Tatzelt J, Winklhofer KF. A protein quality control pathway regulated by linear ubiquitination. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100730. [PMID: 30886048 PMCID: PMC6484417 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the brain. Insights into protein quality control mechanisms to prevent neuronal dysfunction and cell death are crucial in developing causal therapies. Here, we report that various disease-associated protein aggregates are modified by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC). HOIP, the catalytic component of LUBAC, is recruited to misfolded Huntingtin in a p97/VCP-dependent manner, resulting in the assembly of linear polyubiquitin. As a consequence, the interactive surface of misfolded Huntingtin species is shielded from unwanted interactions, for example with the low complexity sequence domain-containing transcription factor Sp1, and proteasomal degradation of misfolded Huntingtin is facilitated. Notably, all three core LUBAC components are transcriptionally regulated by Sp1, linking defective LUBAC expression to Huntington's disease. In support of a protective activity of linear ubiquitination, silencing of OTULIN, a deubiquitinase with unique specificity for linear polyubiquitin, decreases proteotoxicity, whereas silencing of HOIP has the opposite effect. These findings identify linear ubiquitination as a protein quality control mechanism and hence a novel target for disease-modifying strategies in proteinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M van Well
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maria Patra
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Sánchez-Vicente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jens Meschede
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nikolas Furthmann
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Cathrin Schnack
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alina Blusch
- Department of Neurology, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joseph Longworth
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | | | - Kohji Mori
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lena Angersbach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Cathrin Showkat
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik A Sehr
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lena A Berlemann
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Goldmann
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Albrecht M Clement
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Behl
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas C Woerner
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carsten Saft
- Department of Neurology, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Developmental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Gisa Ellrichmann
- Department of Neurology, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Mark S Hipp
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - F Ulrich Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ziska A, Tatzelt J, Dudek J, Paton AW, Paton JC, Zimmermann R, Haßdenteufel S. The signal peptide plus a cluster of positive charges in prion protein dictate chaperone-mediated Sec61 channel gating. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.040691. [PMID: 30745438 PMCID: PMC6451349 DOI: 10.1242/bio.040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sec61-complex as a dynamic polypeptide-conducting channel mediates protein transport into the human endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with the help of additional components. ER membrane resident Hsp40-type co-chaperone Sec63 as well as the ER lumenal Hsp70-type chaperone BiP were proposed to facilitate channel opening in a precursor-specific fashion. Here, we report on their rules of engagement in ER import of the prion protein (PrP) by addressing sixteen PrP-related variants which differ in their signal peptides and mature parts, respectively. Transport into the ER of semi-permeabilized human cells was analyzed upon depletion of the components by siRNA- or toxin-treatment. The results are consistent with the view of separate functions of BiP and Sec63 and strongly suggest that the co-chaperone/chaperone-pair facilitates Sec61 channel gating to the open state when precursor polypeptides with weak signal peptides in combination with detrimental features in the adjacent mature part were targeted. Thus, we expand the view of chaperone-mediated Sec61 channel gating by providing a novel example of a polybasic motif that interferes with signal peptide-mediated Sec61 channel gating. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Ziska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Johanna Dudek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Adrienne W Paton
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Research Centre for Infectious Disease, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - James C Paton
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Research Centre for Infectious Disease, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Richard Zimmermann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Haßdenteufel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Salvesen Ø, Tatzelt J, Tranulis MA. The prion protein in neuroimmune crosstalk. Neurochem Int 2018; 130:104335. [PMID: 30448564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a medium-sized glycoprotein, attached to the cell surface by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. PrPC is encoded by a single-copy gene, PRNP, which is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system and at lower levels in non-neuronal cells, including those of the immune system. Evidence from experimental knockout of PRNP in rodents, goats, and cattle and the occurrence of a nonsense mutation in goat that prevents synthesis of PrPC, have shown that the molecule is non-essential for life. Indeed, no easily recognizable phenotypes are associate with a lack of PrPC, except the potentially advantageous trait that animals without PrPC cannot develop prion disease. This is because, in prion diseases, PrPC converts to a pathogenic "scrapie" conformer, PrPSc, which aggregates and eventually induces neurodegeneration. In addition, endogenous neuronal PrPC serves as a toxic receptor to mediate prion-induced neurotoxicity. Thus, PrPC is an interesting target for treatment of prion diseases. Although loss of PrPC has no discernable effect, alteration of its normal physiological function can have very harmful consequences. It is therefore important to understand cellular processes involving PrPC, and research of this topic has advanced considerably in the past decade. Here, we summarize data that indicate the role of PrPC in modulating immune signaling, with emphasis on neuroimmune crosstalk both under basal conditions and during inflammatory stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Salvesen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Sandnes, Norway.
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
| | - Michael A Tranulis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ulbrich S, Janning P, Seidel R, Matschke J, Gonsberg A, Jung S, Glatzel M, Engelhard M, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J. Alterations in the brain interactome of the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197659. [PMID: 29791485 PMCID: PMC5965872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is implicated in neuroprotective signaling and neurotoxic pathways in both prion diseases and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specifically, the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain (N-PrP) has been shown to interact with neurotoxic ligands, such as Aβ and Scrapie prion protein (PrPSc), and to be crucial for the neuroprotective activity of PrPC. To gain further insight into cellular pathways tied to PrP, we analyzed the brain interactome of N-PrP. As a novel approach employing recombinantly expressed PrP and intein-mediated protein ligation, we used N-PrP covalently coupled to beads as a bait for affinity purification. N-PrP beads were incubated with human AD or control brain lysates. N-PrP binding partners were then identified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nano ESI-MS/MS). In addition to newly identified proteins we found many previously described PrP interactors, indicating a crucial role of the intrinsically disordered part of PrP in mediating protein interactions. Moreover, some interactors were found only in either non-AD or AD brain, suggesting aberrant PrPC interactions in the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ulbrich
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ralf Seidel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jakob Matschke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anika Gonsberg
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jung
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Engelke AD, Gonsberg A, Thapa S, Jung S, Ulbrich S, Seidel R, Basu S, Multhaup G, Baier M, Engelhard M, Schätzl HM, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J. Dimerization of the cellular prion protein inhibits propagation of scrapie prions. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8020-8031. [PMID: 29636413 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A central step in the pathogenesis of prion diseases is the conformational transition of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the scrapie isoform, denoted PrPSc Studies in transgenic mice have indicated that this conversion requires a direct interaction between PrPC and PrPSc; however, insights into the underlying mechanisms are still missing. Interestingly, only a subfraction of PrPC is converted in scrapie-infected cells, suggesting that not all PrPC species are suitable substrates for the conversion. On the basis of the observation that PrPC can form homodimers under physiological conditions with the internal hydrophobic domain (HD) serving as a putative dimerization domain, we wondered whether PrP dimerization is involved in the formation of neurotoxic and/or infectious PrP conformers. Here, we analyzed the possible impact on dimerization of pathogenic mutations in the HD that induce a spontaneous neurodegenerative disease in transgenic mice. Similarly to wildtype (WT) PrPC, the neurotoxic variant PrP(AV3) formed homodimers as well as heterodimers with WTPrPC Notably, forced PrP dimerization via an intermolecular disulfide bond did not interfere with its maturation and intracellular trafficking. Covalently linked PrP dimers were complex glycosylated, GPI-anchored, and sorted to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. However, forced PrPC dimerization completely blocked its conversion into PrPSc in chronically scrapie-infected mouse neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, PrPC dimers had a dominant-negative inhibition effect on the conversion of monomeric PrPC Our findings suggest that PrPC monomers are the major substrates for PrPSc propagation and that it may be possible to halt prion formation by stabilizing PrPC dimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Engelke
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anika Gonsberg
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Simrika Thapa
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Sebastian Jung
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah Ulbrich
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Seidel
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Shaon Basu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gerd Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Michael Baier
- Research Group Proteinopathies/Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens (ZBS6), Robert Koch-Institut, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Engelhard
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hermann M Schätzl
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Linsenmeier L, Mohammadi B, Wetzel S, Puig B, Jackson WS, Hartmann A, Uchiyama K, Sakaguchi S, Endres K, Tatzelt J, Saftig P, Glatzel M, Altmeppen HC. Structural and mechanistic aspects influencing the ADAM10-mediated shedding of the prion protein. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:18. [PMID: 29625583 PMCID: PMC5889536 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proteolytic processing of the prion protein (PrPC) by endogenous proteases generates bioactive membrane-bound and soluble fragments which may help to explain the pleiotropic roles of this protein in the nervous system and in brain diseases. Shedding of almost full-length PrPC into the extracellular space by the metalloprotease ADAM10 is of peculiar relevance since soluble PrP stimulates axonal outgrowth and is protective in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s and prion disease. However, molecular determinates and mechanisms regulating the shedding of PrP are entirely unknown. Methods We produced an antibody recognizing the neo-epitope of shed PrP generated by ADAM10 in biological samples and used it to study structural and mechanistic aspects affecting the shedding. For this, we investigated genetically modified cellular and murine models by biochemical and morphological approaches. Results We show that the novel antibody specifically detects shed PrP in cell culture supernatants and murine brain. We demonstrate that ADAM10 is the exclusive sheddase of PrPC in the nervous system and reveal that the glycosylation state and type of membrane-anchorage of PrPC severely affect its shedding. Furthermore, we provide evidence that PrP shedding can be modulated by pharmacological inhibition and stimulation and present data suggesting that shedding is a relevant part of a compensatory network ensuring PrPC homeostasis of the cell. Conclusions With the new antibody, our study introduces a new tool to reliably investigate PrP-shedding. In addition, this study provides novel and important insight into the regulation of this cleavage event, which is likely to be relevant for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches even beyond neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luise Linsenmeier
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Behnam Mohammadi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wetzel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Berta Puig
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Hartmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Keiji Uchiyama
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Suehiro Sakaguchi
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann C. Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The prion protein (PrP) is composed of two major domains of similar size. The structured C-terminal domain contains three alpha-helical regions and a short two-stranded beta-sheet, while the N-terminal domain is intrinsically disordered. The analysis of PrP mutants with deletions in the C-terminal globular domain provided the first hint that intrinsically disordered domains are inefficiently transported into the endoplasmic reticulum through the Sec61 translocon. Interestingly, C-terminally truncated PrP mutants have been linked to inherited prion disease in humans and are characterized by inefficient ER import and the formation of neurotoxic PrP conformers. In a recent study we found that the Sec61 translocon in eukaryotic cells as well as the SecY translocon in bacteria is inherently deficient in translocating intrinsically disordered proteins. Moreover, our results suggest that translocon-associated components in eukaryotic cells enable the Sec61 complex to transport secretory proteins with extended unstructured domains such as PrP and shadoo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jung
- a Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases , Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum , Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- a Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases , Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Eigenbrod S, Frick P, Bertsch U, Mitteregger-Kretzschmar G, Mielke J, Maringer M, Piening N, Hepp A, Daude N, Windl O, Levin J, Giese A, Sakthivelu V, Tatzelt J, Kretzschmar H, Westaway D. Substitutions of PrP N-terminal histidine residues modulate scrapie disease pathogenesis and incubation time in transgenic mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188989. [PMID: 29220360 PMCID: PMC5722314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases have been linked to impaired copper homeostasis and copper induced-oxidative damage to the brain. Divalent metal ions, such as Cu2+ and Zn2+, bind to cellular prion protein (PrPC) at octapeptide repeat (OR) and non-OR sites within the N-terminal half of the protein but information on the impact of such binding on conversion to the misfolded isoform often derives from studies using either OR and non-OR peptides or bacterially-expressed recombinant PrP. Here we created new transgenic mouse lines expressing PrP with disrupted copper binding sites within all four histidine-containing OR's (sites 1-4, H60G, H68G, H76G, H84G, "TetraH>G" allele) or at site 5 (composed of residues His-95 and His-110; "H95G" allele) and monitored the formation of misfolded PrP in vivo. Novel transgenic mice expressing PrP(TetraH>G) at levels comparable to wild-type (wt) controls were susceptible to mouse-adapted scrapie strain RML but showed significantly prolonged incubation times. In contrast, amino acid replacement at residue 95 accelerated disease progression in corresponding PrP(H95G) mice. Neuropathological lesions in terminally ill transgenic mice were similar to scrapie-infected wt controls, but less severe. The pattern of PrPSc deposition, however, was not synaptic as seen in wt animals, but instead dense globular plaque-like accumulations of PrPSc in TgPrP(TetraH>G) mice and diffuse PrPSc deposition in (TgPrP(H95G) mice), were observed throughout all brain sections. We conclude that OR and site 5 histidine substitutions have divergent phenotypic impacts and that cis interactions between the OR region and the site 5 region modulate pathogenic outcomes by affecting the PrP globular domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Eigenbrod
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Frick
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Bertsch
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Janina Mielke
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marko Maringer
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Niklas Piening
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Daude
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Otto Windl
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Giese
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Vignesh Sakthivelu
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry/Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry/Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Kretzschmar
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - David Westaway
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gonsberg A, Jung S, Ulbrich S, Origi A, Ziska A, Baier M, Koch HG, Zimmermann R, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J. The Sec61/SecY complex is inherently deficient in translocating intrinsically disordered proteins. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21383-21396. [PMID: 29084847 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.788067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
About one-quarter to nearly one-third of the proteins synthesized in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells are integrated into the plasma membrane or are secreted. Translocation of secretory proteins into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum or the periplasm of bacteria is mediated by a highly conserved heterotrimeric membrane protein complex denoted Sec61 in eukaryotes and SecYEG in bacteria. To evaluate a possible modulation of the translocation efficiency by secondary structures of the nascent peptide chain, we performed a comparative analysis in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. Strikingly, neither the bacterial SecY nor the eukaryotic Sec61 translocon was able to efficiently transport proteins entirely composed of intrinsically disordered domains (IDDs) or β-strands. However, translocation could be restored by α-helical domains in a position- and organism-dependent manner. In bacteria, we found that the α-helical domains have to precede the IDD or β-strands, whereas in mammalian cells, C-terminally located α-helical domains are sufficient to promote translocation. Our study reveals an evolutionarily conserved deficiency of the Sec61/SecY complex to translocate IDDs and β-strands in the absence of α-helical domains. Moreover, our results may suggest that adaptive pathways co-evolved with the expansion of IDDs in the proteome of eukaryotic cells to increase the transport capacity of the Sec61 translocon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Gonsberg
- From the Departments of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases and
| | - Sebastian Jung
- From the Departments of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases and
| | - Sarah Ulbrich
- From the Departments of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases and
| | - Andrea Origi
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Anke Ziska
- the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany, and
| | - Michael Baier
- the Research Group Proteinopathies/Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch-Institut, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Koch
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Richard Zimmermann
- the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany, and
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- From the Departments of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases and
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wu B, McDonald AJ, Markham K, Rich CB, McHugh KP, Tatzelt J, Colby DW, Millhauser GL, Harris DA. The N-terminus of the prion protein is a toxic effector regulated by the C-terminus. eLife 2017; 6:e23473. [PMID: 28527237 PMCID: PMC5469617 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PrPC, the cellular isoform of the prion protein, serves to transduce the neurotoxic effects of PrPSc, the infectious isoform, but how this occurs is mysterious. Here, using a combination of electrophysiological, cellular, and biophysical techniques, we show that the flexible, N-terminal domain of PrPC functions as a powerful toxicity-transducing effector whose activity is tightly regulated in cis by the globular C-terminal domain. Ligands binding to the N-terminal domain abolish the spontaneous ionic currents associated with neurotoxic mutants of PrP, and the isolated N-terminal domain induces currents when expressed in the absence of the C-terminal domain. Anti-PrP antibodies targeting epitopes in the C-terminal domain induce currents, and cause degeneration of dendrites on murine hippocampal neurons, effects that entirely dependent on the effector function of the N-terminus. NMR experiments demonstrate intramolecular docking between N- and C-terminal domains of PrPC, revealing a novel auto-inhibitory mechanism that regulates the functional activity of PrPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Alex J McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Kathleen Markham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, United States
| | - Celeste B Rich
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Kyle P McHugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, United States
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - David W Colby
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, United States
| | - Glenn L Millhauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, United States
| | - David A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Feldmann A, Bekbulat F, Huesmann H, Ulbrich S, Tatzelt J, Behl C, Kern A. The RAB GTPase RAB18 modulates macroautophagy and proteostasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:738-743. [PMID: 28342870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a conserved degradative pathway and its deterioration is linked to disturbances in cellular proteostasis and multiple diseases. Here, we show that the RAB GTPase RAB18 modulates autophagy in primary human fibroblasts. The knockdown of RAB18 results in a decreased autophagic activity, while its overexpression enhances the degradative pathway. Importantly, this function of RAB18 is dependent on RAB3GAP1 and RAB3GAP2, which might act as RAB GEFs and stimulate the activity of the RAB GTPase. Moreover, the knockdown of RAB18 deteriorates proteostasis and results in the intracellular accumulation of ubiquitinated degradation-prone proteins. Thus, the RAB GTPase RAB18 is a positive modulator of autophagy and is relevant for the maintenance of cellular proteostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Feldmann
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Fazilet Bekbulat
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Heike Huesmann
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sarah Ulbrich
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry und Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry und Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Christian Behl
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Kern
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Puig B, Altmeppen HC, Ulbrich S, Linsenmeier L, Krasemann S, Chakroun K, Acevedo-Morantes CY, Wille H, Tatzelt J, Glatzel M. Secretory pathway retention of mutant prion protein induces p38-MAPK activation and lethal disease in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24970. [PMID: 27117504 PMCID: PMC4847012 DOI: 10.1038/srep24970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolding of proteins in the biosynthetic pathway in neurons may cause disturbed protein homeostasis and neurodegeneration. The prion protein (PrPC) is a GPI-anchored protein that resides at the plasma membrane and may be misfolded to PrPSc leading to prion diseases. We show that a deletion in the C-terminal domain of PrPC (PrPΔ214–229) leads to partial retention in the secretory pathway causing a fatal neurodegenerative disease in mice that is partially rescued by co-expression of PrPC. Transgenic (Tg(PrPΔ214–229)) mice show extensive neuronal loss in hippocampus and cerebellum and activation of p38-MAPK. In cell culture under stress conditions, PrPΔ214–229 accumulates in the Golgi apparatus possibly representing transit to the Rapid ER Stress-induced ExporT (RESET) pathway together with p38-MAPK activation. Here we describe a novel pathway linking retention of a GPI-anchored protein in the early secretory pathway to p38-MAPK activation and a neurodegenerative phenotype in transgenic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berta Puig
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Hermann C Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Sarah Ulbrich
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry und Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Luise Linsenmeier
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Karima Chakroun
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Claudia Y Acevedo-Morantes
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2M8 Alberta, Canada
| | - Holger Wille
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2M8 Alberta, Canada
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry und Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Woerner AC, Frottin F, Hornburg D, Feng LR, Meissner F, Patra M, Tatzelt J, Mann M, Winklhofer KF, Hartl FU, Hipp MS. Cytoplasmic protein aggregates interfere with nucleocytoplasmic transport of protein and RNA. Science 2015; 351:173-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
32
|
Bakkebø MK, Mouillet-Richard S, Espenes A, Goldmann W, Tatzelt J, Tranulis MA. The Cellular Prion Protein: A Player in Immunological Quiescence. Front Immunol 2015; 6:450. [PMID: 26388873 PMCID: PMC4557099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive studies since the 1990s, the physiological role of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) remains elusive. Here, we present a novel concept suggesting that PrP(C) contributes to immunological quiescence in addition to cell protection. PrP(C) is highly expressed in diverse organs that by multiple means are particularly protected from inflammation, such as the brain, eye, placenta, pregnant uterus, and testes, while at the same time it is expressed in most cells of the lymphoreticular system. In this paradigm, PrP(C) serves two principal roles: to modulate the inflammatory potential of immune cells and to protect vulnerable parenchymal cells against noxious insults generated through inflammation. Here, we review studies of PrP(C) physiology in view of this concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maren K. Bakkebø
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Arild Espenes
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wilfred Goldmann
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael A. Tranulis
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Michael A. Tranulis, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, Oslo 0033, Norway,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Meka DP, Müller-Rischart AK, Nidadavolu P, Mohammadi B, Motori E, Ponna SK, Aboutalebi H, Bassal M, Annamneedi A, Finckh B, Miesbauer M, Rotermund N, Lohr C, Tatzelt J, Winklhofer KF, Kramer ER. Parkin cooperates with GDNF/RET signaling to prevent dopaminergic neuron degeneration. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1873-85. [PMID: 25822020 DOI: 10.1172/jci79300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkin and the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor RET have both been independently linked to the dopaminergic neuron degeneration that underlies Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, we demonstrate that there is genetic crosstalk between parkin and the receptor tyrosine kinase RET in two different mouse models of PD. Mice lacking both parkin and RET exhibited accelerated dopaminergic cell and axonal loss compared with parkin-deficient animals, which showed none, and RET-deficient mice, in which we found moderate degeneration. Transgenic expression of parkin protected the dopaminergic systems of aged RET-deficient mice. Downregulation of either parkin or RET in neuronal cells impaired mitochondrial function and morphology. Parkin expression restored mitochondrial function in GDNF/RET-deficient cells, while GDNF stimulation rescued mitochondrial defects in parkin-deficient cells. In both cases, improved mitochondrial function was the result of activation of the prosurvival NF-κB pathway, which was mediated by RET through the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Taken together, these observations indicate that parkin and the RET signaling cascade converge to control mitochondrial integrity and thereby properly maintain substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons and their innervation in the striatum. The demonstration of crosstalk between parkin and RET highlights the interplay in the protein network that is altered in PD and suggests potential therapeutic targets and strategies to treat PD.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Despite their devastating impact, no effective therapeutic yet exists for prion diseases at the symptomatic stage in humans or animals. Progress is hampered by the difficulty in identifying compounds that affect PrP (Sc) and the necessity of any potential therapeutic to gain access to the CNS. Synthetic polymers known as dendrimers are a particularly promising candidate in this area. Studies with cell culture models of prion disease and prion infected brain homogenate have demonstrated that numerous species of dendrimers eliminate PrP (Sc) in a dose and time dependent fashion and specific glycodendrimers are capable of crossing the CNS. However, despite their potential a number of important questions remained unanswered such as what makes an effective dendrimer and how dendrimers eliminate prions intracellularly. In a number of recent studies we have tackled these questions and revealed for the first time that a specific dendrimer can inhibit the intracellular conversion of PrP (C) to PrP (Sc) and that a high density of surface reactive groups is a necessity for dendrimers in vitro anti-prion activity. Understanding how a therapeutic works is a vital component in maximising its activity and these studies therefore represent a significant development in the race to find effective treatments for prion diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M McCarthy
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Research on prions, the infectious agents of devastating neurological diseases in humans and animals, has been in the forefront of developing the concept of protein aggregation diseases. Prion diseases are distinguished from other neurodegenerative diseases by three peculiarities. First, prion diseases, in addition to being sporadic or genetic like all other neurodegenerative diseases, are infectious diseases. Animal models were developed early on (a long time before the advent of transgenic technology), and this has made possible the discovery of the prion protein as the infectious agent. Second, human prion diseases have true equivalents in animals, such as scrapie, which has been the subject of experimental research for many years. Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is a zoonosis caused by bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) prions. Third, they show a wide variety of phenotypes in humans and animals, much wider than the variants of any other sporadic or genetic neurodegenerative disease. It has now become firmly established that particular PrP(Sc) isoforms are closely related to specific human prion strains. The variety of human prion diseases, still an enigma in its own right, is a focus of this article. Recently, a series of experiments has shown that the concept of aberrant protein folding and templating, first developed for prions, may apply to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. In the wake of these discoveries, the term prion has come to be used for Aβ, α-synuclein, tau and possibly others. The self-propagation of alternative conformations seems to be the common denominator of these "prions," which in future, in order to avoid confusion, may have to be specified either as "neurodegenerative prions" or "infectious prions."
Collapse
|
36
|
Dirndorfer D, Seidel RP, Nimrod G, Miesbauer M, Ben-Tal N, Engelhard M, Zimmermann R, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J. The α-helical structure of prodomains promotes translocation of intrinsically disordered neuropeptide hormones into the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:13961-13973. [PMID: 23532840 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.430264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Different neuropeptide hormones, which are either too small to adopt a stable conformation or are predicted to be intrinsically disordered, are synthesized as larger precursors containing a prodomain in addition to an N-terminal signal peptide. We analyzed the biogenesis of three unstructured neuropeptide hormones and observed that translocation of these precursors into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is critically dependent on the presence of the prodomain. The hormone domains could be deleted from the precursors without interfering with ER import and secretion, whereas constructs lacking the prodomain remained in the cytosol. Domain-swapping experiments revealed that the activity of the prodomains to promote productive ER import resides in their ability to adopt an α-helical structure. Removal of the prodomain from the precursor did not interfere with co-translational targeting of the nascent chain to the Sec61 translocon but with its subsequent productive translocation into the ER lumen. Our study reveals a novel function of prodomains to enable import of small or intrinsically disordered secretory proteins into the ER based on their ability to adopt an α-helical conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dirndorfer
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf P Seidel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guy Nimrod
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Margit Miesbauer
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Nir Ben-Tal
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Martin Engelhard
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Richard Zimmermann
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Homburg, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 80336 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 80336 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pfeiffer NV, Dirndorfer D, Lang S, Resenberger UK, Restelli LM, Hemion C, Miesbauer M, Frank S, Neutzner A, Zimmermann R, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J. Structural features within the nascent chain regulate alternative targeting of secretory proteins to mitochondria. EMBO J 2013; 32:1036-51. [PMID: 23481258 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein targeting to specified cellular compartments is essential to maintain cell function and homeostasis. In eukaryotic cells, two major pathways rely on N-terminal signal peptides to target proteins to either the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or mitochondria. In this study, we show that the ER signal peptides of the prion protein-like protein shadoo, the neuropeptide hormone somatostatin and the amyloid precursor protein have the property to mediate alternative targeting to mitochondria. Remarkably, the targeting direction of these signal peptides is determined by structural elements within the nascent chain. Each of the identified signal peptides promotes efficient ER import of nascent chains containing α-helical domains, but targets unstructured polypeptides to mitochondria. Moreover, we observed that mitochondrial targeting by the ER signal peptides correlates inversely with ER import efficiency. When ER import is compromised, targeting to mitochondria is enhanced, whereas improving ER import efficiency decreases mitochondrial targeting. In conclusion, our study reveals a novel mechanism of dual targeting to either the ER or mitochondria that is mediated by structural features within the nascent chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie V Pfeiffer
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Müller-Rischart A, Pilsl A, Beaudette P, Patra M, Hadian K, Funke M, Peis R, Deinlein A, Schweimer C, Kuhn PH, Lichtenthaler S, Motori E, Hrelia S, Wurst W, Trümbach D, Langer T, Krappmann D, Dittmar G, Tatzelt J, Winklhofer K. The E3 Ligase Parkin Maintains Mitochondrial Integrity by Increasing Linear Ubiquitination of NEMO. Mol Cell 2013; 49:908-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
39
|
McCarthy JM, Franke M, Resenberger UK, Waldron S, Simpson JC, Tatzelt J, Appelhans D, Rogers MS. Anti-prion drug mPPIg5 inhibits PrP(C) conversion to PrP(Sc). PLoS One 2013; 8:e55282. [PMID: 23383136 PMCID: PMC3557256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that include scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. The ‘protein only hypothesis’ advocates that PrPSc, an abnormal isoform of the cellular protein PrPC, is the main and possibly sole component of prion infectious agents. Currently, no effective therapy exists for these diseases at the symptomatic phase for either humans or animals, though a number of compounds have demonstrated the ability to eliminate PrPSc in cell culture models. Of particular interest are synthetic polymers known as dendrimers which possess the unique ability to eliminate PrPSc in both an intracellular and in vitro setting. The efficacy and mode of action of the novel anti-prion dendrimer mPPIg5 was investigated through the creation of a number of innovative bio-assays based upon the scrapie cell assay. These assays were used to demonstrate that mPPIg5 is a highly effective anti-prion drug which acts, at least in part, through the inhibition of PrPC to PrPSc conversion. Understanding how a drug works is a vital component in maximising its performance. By establishing the efficacy and method of action of mPPIg5, this study will help determine which drugs are most likely to enhance this effect and also aid the design of dendrimers with anti-prion capabilities for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M McCarthy
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Resenberger UK, Müller V, Munter LM, Baier M, Multhaup G, Wilson MR, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J. The heat shock response is modulated by and interferes with toxic effects of scrapie prion protein and amyloid β. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43765-76. [PMID: 23115236 PMCID: PMC3527961 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.389007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is an evolutionarily conserved pathway designed to maintain proteostasis and to ameliorate toxic effects of aberrant protein folding. We have studied the modulation of the HSR by the scrapie prion protein (PrP(Sc)) and amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and investigated whether an activated HSR or the ectopic expression of individual chaperones can interfere with PrP(Sc)- or Aβ-induced toxicity. First, we observed different effects on the HSR under acute or chronic exposure of cells to PrP(Sc) or Aβ. In chronically exposed cells the threshold to mount a stress response was significantly increased, evidenced by a decreased expression of Hsp72 after stress, whereas an acute exposure lowered the threshold for stress-induced expression of Hsp72. Next, we employed models of PrP(Sc)- and Aβ-induced toxicity to demonstrate that the induction of the HSR ameliorates the toxic effects of both PrP(Sc) and Aβ. Similarly, the ectopic expression of cytosolic Hsp72 or the extracellular chaperone clusterin protected against PrP(Sc)- or Aβ-induced toxicity. However, toxic signaling induced by a pathogenic PrP mutant located at the plasma membrane was prevented by an activated HSR or Hsp72 but not by clusterin, indicating a distinct mode of action of this extracellular chaperone. Our study supports the notion that different pathological protein conformers mediate toxic effects via similar cellular pathways and emphasizes the possibility to exploit the heat shock response therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike K. Resenberger
- From the Neurobiochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Müller
- From the Neurobiochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Munter
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G4, Canada
| | | | - Gerd Multhaup
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G4, Canada
| | - Mark R. Wilson
- the School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia, and
| | - Konstanze F. Winklhofer
- From the Neurobiochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany
- the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- From the Neurobiochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany
- the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 80336 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lang S, Benedix J, Fedeles SV, Schorr S, Schirra C, Schäuble N, Jalal C, Greiner M, Hassdenteufel S, Tatzelt J, Kreutzer B, Edelmann L, Krause E, Rettig J, Somlo S, Zimmermann R, Dudek J. Different effects of Sec61α, Sec62 and Sec63 depletion on transport of polypeptides into the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:1958-69. [PMID: 22375059 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.096727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-translational transport of polypeptides into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involves the Sec61 channel and additional components such as the ER lumenal Hsp70 BiP and its membrane-resident co-chaperone Sec63p in yeast. We investigated whether silencing the SEC61A1 gene in human cells affects co- and post-translational transport of presecretory proteins into the ER and post-translational membrane integration of tail-anchored proteins. Although silencing the SEC61A1 gene in HeLa cells inhibited co- and post-translational transport of signal-peptide-containing precursor proteins into the ER of semi-permeabilized cells, silencing the SEC61A1 gene did not affect transport of various types of tail-anchored protein. Furthermore, we demonstrated, with a similar knockdown approach, a precursor-specific involvement of mammalian Sec63 in the initial phase of co-translational protein transport into the ER. By contrast, silencing the SEC62 gene inhibited only post-translational transport of a signal-peptide-containing precursor protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Lang
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Resenberger UK, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J. Cellular Prion Protein Mediates Toxic Signaling of Amyloid Beta. NEURODEGENER DIS 2012; 10:298-300. [DOI: 10.1159/000332596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
43
|
Resenberger UK, Harmeier A, Woerner AC, Goodman JL, Müller V, Krishnan R, Vabulas RM, Kretzschmar HA, Lindquist S, Hartl FU, Multhaup G, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J. The cellular prion protein mediates neurotoxic signalling of β-sheet-rich conformers independent of prion replication. EMBO J 2011; 30:2057-70. [PMID: 21441896 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of aberrant protein conformers is a common pathological denominator of different neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease or prion diseases. Moreover, increasing evidence indicates that soluble oligomers are associated with early pathological alterations and that oligomeric assemblies of different disease-associated proteins may share common structural features. Previous studies revealed that toxic effects of the scrapie prion protein (PrP(Sc)), a β-sheet-rich isoform of the cellular PrP (PrP(C)), are dependent on neuronal expression of PrP(C). In this study, we demonstrate that PrP(C) has a more general effect in mediating neurotoxic signalling by sensitizing cells to toxic effects of various β-sheet-rich (β) conformers of completely different origins, formed by (i) heterologous PrP, (ii) amyloid β-peptide, (iii) yeast prion proteins or (iv) designed β-peptides. Toxic signalling via PrP(C) requires the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain (N-PrP) and the GPI anchor of PrP. We found that the N-terminal domain is important for mediating the interaction of PrP(C) with β-conformers. Interestingly, a secreted version of N-PrP associated with β-conformers and antagonized their toxic signalling via PrP(C). Moreover, PrP(C)-mediated toxic signalling could be blocked by an NMDA receptor antagonist or an oligomer-specific antibody. Our study indicates that PrP(C) can mediate toxic signalling of various β-sheet-rich conformers independent of infectious prion propagation, suggesting a pathophysiological role of the prion protein beyond of prion diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike K Resenberger
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Neurobiochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Shadoo (Sho) is a neuronally expressed glycoprotein of unknown function. Although there is no overall sequence homology to the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)), both proteins contain a highly conserved internal hydrophobic domain (HD) and are tethered to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane via a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. A previous study revealed that Sho can reduce toxicity of a PrP mutant devoid of the HD (PrPΔHD). We have now studied the stress-protective activity of Sho in detail and identified domains involved in this activity. Like PrP(C), Sho protects cells against physiological stressors such as the excitotoxin glutamate. Moreover, both PrP(C) and Sho required the N-terminal domain for this activity; the stress-protective capacity of PrPΔN as well as ShoΔN was significantly impaired. In both proteins, the HD promoted homodimer formation; however, deletion of the HD had different effects. Although ShoΔHD lost its stress-protective activity, PrPΔHD acquired a neurotoxic potential. Finally, we could show that the N-terminal domain of PrP(C) could be functionally replaced by that of Sho, suggesting a similar function of the N termini of Sho and PrP(C). Our study reveals a conserved physiological activity between PrP(C) and Sho to protect cells from stress-induced toxicity and suggests that Sho and PrP(C) might act on similar signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sakthivelu
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tatzelt J. Prion proteins. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 305:ix-x. [PMID: 22049556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
|
46
|
Karpuj MV, Gelibter-Niv S, Tiran A, Rambold A, Tatzelt J, Nunziante M, Schatzl HM. Conditional modulation of membrane protein expression in cultured cells mediated by prion protein recognition of short phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:6911-7. [PMID: 21156803 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.194662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that the levels of native as well as transfected prion protein (PrP) are lowered in various cell lines exposed to phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (PS-DNA) and can be rapidly reverted to their normal amounts by removal of PS-DNA. This transient modulation was independent of the glycosylation state of PrP, and in addition, all three PrP glycoforms were susceptible to PS-DNA treatment. Deletion of the N-terminal domain (amino acids 23-99), but not of the other domains of PrP, abrogated its PS-DNA-mediated down-regulation. PrP versions localized in the mitochondria, cytoplasm, or nucleus were not modulated by PS-DNA, indicating that PrP surface exposure is required for executing this effect. Proteins that in their native forms were not responsive to PS-DNA, such as thymocyte antigen 1 (Thy1), Doppel protein (Dpl), green fluorescent protein (GFP), and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), became susceptible to PS-DNA-mediated down-regulation following introduction of the N terminus of PrP into their sequence. These observations demonstrate the essential role of the N-terminal domain for promoting oligonucleotide-mediated reduction of the PrP level and suggest that transient treatment of cultured cells with PS-DNA may provide a general method for targeted modulation of the levels of desired surface proteins in a conditional and reversible manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Viviana Karpuj
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chu NK, Olschewski D, Seidel R, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J, Engelhard M, Becker CFW. Protein immobilization on liposomes and lipid-coated nanoparticles by protein trans-splicing. J Pept Sci 2010; 16:582-8. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
48
|
Fett ME, Pilsl A, Paquet D, van Bebber F, Haass C, Tatzelt J, Schmid B, Winklhofer KF. Parkin is protective against proteotoxic stress in a transgenic zebrafish model. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11783. [PMID: 20689587 PMCID: PMC2912770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the gene encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin (PARK2) are responsible for the majority of autosomal recessive parkinsonism. Similarly to other knockout mouse models of PD-associated genes, parkin knockout mice do not show a substantial neuropathological or behavioral phenotype, while loss of parkin in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a severe phenotype, including reduced lifespan, apoptotic flight muscle degeneration and male sterility. In order to study the function of parkin in more detail and to address possible differences in its role in different species, we chose Danio rerio as a different vertebrate model system. Methodology/Principal Findings We first cloned zebrafish parkin to compare its biochemical and functional aspects with that of human parkin. By using an antisense knockdown strategy we generated a zebrafish model of parkin deficiency (knockdown efficiency between 50% and 60%) and found that the transient knockdown of parkin does not cause morphological or behavioral alterations. Specifically, we did not observe a loss of dopaminergic neurons in parkin-deficient zebrafish. In addition, we established transgenic zebrafish lines stably expressing parkin by using a Gal4/UAS-based bidirectional expression system. While parkin-deficient zebrafish are more vulnerable to proteotoxicity, increased parkin expression protected transgenic zebrafish from cell death induced by proteotoxic stress. Conclusions/Significance Similarly to human parkin, zebrafish parkin is a stress-responsive protein which protects cells from stress-induced cell death. Our transgenic zebrafish model is a novel tool to characterize the protective capacity of parkin in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike E. Fett
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Pilsl
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Paquet
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Biochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Frauke van Bebber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Biochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Biochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Biochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstanze F. Winklhofer
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schumacher MC, Resenberger U, Seidel RP, Becker CFW, Winklhofer KF, Oesterhelt D, Tatzelt J, Engelhard M. Synthesis of a GPI anchor module suitable for protein post-translational modification. Biopolymers 2010; 94:457-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
50
|
Ullrich S, Münch A, Neumann S, Kremmer E, Tatzelt J, Lichtenthaler SF. The novel membrane protein TMEM59 modulates complex glycosylation, cell surface expression, and secretion of the amyloid precursor protein. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:20664-74. [PMID: 20427278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.055608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodomain shedding of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the two proteases alpha- and beta-secretase is a key regulatory event in the generation of the Alzheimer disease amyloid beta peptide (Abeta). At present, little is known about the cellular mechanisms that control APP shedding and Abeta generation. Here, we identified a novel protein, transmembrane protein 59 (TMEM59), as a new modulator of APP shedding. TMEM59 was found to be a ubiquitously expressed, Golgi-localized protein. TMEM59 transfection inhibited complex N- and O-glycosylation of APP in cultured cells. Additionally, TMEM59 induced APP retention in the Golgi and inhibited Abeta generation as well as APP cleavage by alpha- and beta-secretase cleavage, which occur at the plasma membrane and in the endosomes, respectively. Moreover, TMEM59 inhibited the complex N-glycosylation of the prion protein, suggesting a more general modulation of Golgi glycosylation reactions. Importantly, TMEM59 did not affect the secretion of soluble proteins or the alpha-secretase like shedding of tumor necrosis factor alpha, demonstrating that TMEM59 did not disturb the general Golgi function. The phenotype of TMEM59 transfection on APP glycosylation and shedding was similar to the one observed in cells lacking conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) proteins COG1 and COG2. Both proteins are required for normal localization and activity of Golgi glycosylation enzymes. In summary, this study shows that TMEM59 expression modulates complex N- and O-glycosylation and suggests that TMEM59 affects APP shedding by reducing access of APP to the cellular compartments, where it is normally cleaved by alpha- and beta-secretase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Ullrich
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Munich (DZNE) and Adolf Butenandt-Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|