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Gallardo C, Dadalt JC, Kiarie E, Trindade Neto MA. Effects of multi-carbohydrase and phytase on standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids and apparent metabolizable energy in canola meal fed to broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2018; 96:3305-3313. [PMID: 28854754 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two assays were conducted to evaluate nutritive value of canola meal (CM) fed to broiler chicks without or with a multi-carbohydrase (MC) preparation (700 U α-galactosidase, 2,200 U galactomannanase, 30,000 U xylanase, and 22,000 U β-glucanase per kg of diet) and phytase (Phy, 500 FTU per kg of diet). Assay 1 determined apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and metabolizable energy (AME) by the difference method. Assay 2 determined apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids by the index method. Two reference diets (RD) - an 85% corn based and a 5% casein-cornstarch diet fortified with vitamins and minerals - were made for assays 1 and 2, respectively. For each assay, the test diets were made by mixing RD and CM 7:3 wt/wt basis and fed without or with MC or Phy or combination. A total of 245 day-old male broilers (Cobb 500) was allocated to 5 treatments to give 7 replicates (7 birds/cage). The birds were fed a commercial diet from day zero to 10 followed by assay 1 fed from d 11 to 18 and assay 2 fed from d 19 to 21. Excreta samples were collected on d 15 to18, and all birds were slaughtered on d 21 for ileal digesta. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between MC and Phy on ATTD of DM, N, and P. There was no interaction (P > 0.05) between MC and Phy on AMEn; however, MC and Phy individually improved AMEn retention. Enzymes interacted (P < 0.05) on SID of Arg, His, Leu, Met, Thr, Ala, Asp, Gln, and Gly. In this context, feeding a combination of MC and Phy resulted in higher (P < 0.05) SID of Arg, His, Met, and Thr relative to single activity or control. Both enzymes improved (P < 0.05) SID of Lys independently. The combination of carbohydrase and Phy may be an effective strategy to improve amino acid utilization in CM for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gallardo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C Dadalt
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - M A Trindade Neto
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Polycarpo GV, Andretta I, Kipper M, Cruz-Polycarpo VC, Dadalt JC, Rodrigues PHM, Albuquerque R. Meta-analytic study of organic acids as an alternative performance-enhancing feed additive to antibiotics for broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 96:3645-3653. [PMID: 28938776 PMCID: PMC5850820 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of organic acids as an alternative to antibiotics on the performance of broiler chickens was evaluated by meta-analysis, identifying and quantifying the main factors that influence results. A total of 51,960 broilers from 121 articles published between 1991 and 2016 were used. Interactions of additives [non-supplemented group (control), organic acids, and growth promoter antibiotics] with microbial challenge (with or without inoculation of pathogenic microorganisms) were studied on performance variables. Moreover, the effects of organic acids, used individually or in blends, were evaluated. Relative values of average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were obtained in relation to control: ΔADG and ΔADFI, respectively. Analysis of variance-covariance revealed lower ADG with organic acids when compared to antibiotics (P < 0.05). There was a significant interaction between the additives and the challenge on feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.01) and on viability (P < 0.05). Without challenge, organic acids improved broilers’ FCR (P < 0.01), presenting results similar to antibiotics (P > 0.05). Under challenge, the organic acids were again effective on FCR (−5.67% in relation to control, P < 0.05), but they did not match antibiotics (−13.40% in relation to control, P < 0.01). Viability was improved only under challenge conditions, and only by antibiotics (+4.39% in relation to control, P < 0.05). ADG (P < 0.05) and FCR (P < 0.01) were increased by blends of organic acids, but not by the organic acids used alone (P > 0.05). ADFI and production factor were not influenced by the treatments (P > 0.05). ΔADFI of organic-acid supplemented group showed a linear influence on ΔADG, which increases 0.64% at every 1% increase in ΔADFI. In conclusion, organic acids can be utilized as performance enhancing, but the results are lower than those found with antibiotics, particularly under microbial challenge. The blends of organic acids provide better results than the utilization of one organic acid alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Polycarpo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, Campus of Dracena-SP, 17900-000, Brazil
| | - I Andretta
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, College of Agronomy, Department of Animal Science, Campus of Porto Alegre-RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - M Kipper
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, College of Agronomy, Department of Animal Science, Campus of Porto Alegre-RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - V C Cruz-Polycarpo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, Campus of Dracena-SP, 17900-000, Brazil
| | - J C Dadalt
- University of São Paulo (USP), College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP), Campus of Pirassununga-SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - P H M Rodrigues
- University of São Paulo (USP), College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP), Campus of Pirassununga-SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - R Albuquerque
- University of São Paulo (USP), College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP), Campus of Pirassununga-SP, 13635-900, Brazil
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Gallardo C, Dadalt JC, da Silva Maciel de Souza JC, Neto MADT. 0989 Ileal amino acid digestibility in broiler chicken fed rice bran with or without carbohydrase and phytase. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Polycarpo GV, Burbarelli MFC, CarÃo ACP, Merseguel CEB, Dadalt JC, Maganha SRL, Sousa RLM, Cruz-Polycarpo VC, Albuquerque R. Effects of lipid sources, lysophospholipids and organic acids in maize-based broiler diets on nutrient balance, liver concentration of fat-soluble vitamins, jejunal microbiota and performance. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:788-798. [PMID: 27494540 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1219019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three experiments with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement were conducted to evaluate maize-based diets for broilers containing different lipid sources [soybean oil (S) or beef tallow (T)] supplemented with or without lysophospholipids and organic acids on nutrient balance (Experiment I, evaluation period of 10-14 d), on liver concentration of fat-soluble vitamins, on jejunal microbiota (Experiment II, sampling at d 14) and on performance (Experiment III, accumulated periods of 1-14, 1-21 and 1-42 d). A total of 1344 male chicks were used. In each experiment, the birds were allotted in a completely randomised design with 8 replications. The lysophospholipids were mainly composed of lysolecithins and the organic acids blend was constituted by lactic (40%), acetic (7%) and butyric acids (1%). An interaction between lipid sources and lysophospholipids was observed on faecal apparent digestibility of lipid (ADL), which improved with lysophospholipids addition in T diets. Broilers fed on S had higher ADL and faecal apparent digestibility of nitrogen-corrected gross energy (ADGEN). It was not possible to demonstrate a significant treatment effect on the liver concentration of vitamins A and E, even with the differences in fatty acid profile between S and T. Enterobacteria values were below the detection threshold. Lysophospholipid supplementation reduced gram-positive cocci in T-fed birds. S diets promoted lower total anaerobe counts compared with T diets, independent of additives. S diets increased BW gain and feed:gain ratio in all evaluation periods. Lysophospholipids and organic acids improved feed:gain ratio at 1-21 d in T diets. Furthermore, main effects were observed for lysophospholipids and organic acids at 1-42 d, which increased BW gain and improved feed:gain ratio, respectively. No positive interactions between additives were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Polycarpo
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - M F C Burbarelli
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - A C P CarÃo
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - C E B Merseguel
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - J C Dadalt
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - S R L Maganha
- b Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of São Paulo (FZEA-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - R L M Sousa
- b Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of São Paulo (FZEA-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | | | - R Albuquerque
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil
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Dadalt JC, Gallardo C, Polycarpo GV, Budiño FEL, Rogiewicz A, Berto DA, Trindade Neto MA. Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Broken Rice Fed to Postweaned Piglets with or without Multicarbohydrase and Phytase Supplementation. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:1483-9. [PMID: 27004821 PMCID: PMC5003975 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most of amino acid (AA) digestibility values for feed ingredients are obtained using pigs cannulated in the distal ileum. The ileal-cannulated pig model uses pigs older than six weeks due to difficulties related to implanting the T-cannula in distal ileum of younger pigs and complications during the post-surgical recovery. However, to properly formulate the diet of weaned pigs, the nutritive value of feed ingredients should be determined with younger pigs. Thus, 25 weaned pigs were used to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, energy, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) ileal AA digestibility of broken rice (BR), with or without multicarbohydrase (MC) and phytase (Phy) supplementation. Piglets were weaned at 23 d of age and individually housed in digestibility cages until 45 d of age. The trial consisted of 7 d of adaptation to the experimental diets and 3 d of excreta (feces and urine) collection. Ileal digesta was collected at slaughter (about 6 weeks of age). A completely randomized experimental design was used to determine the effects of MC and Phy. Reference diets (RD, 5% casein) was replaced by 30% of BR with or without MC, Phy, or MC+Phy. The RD was used to quantify endogenous AA losses. BR with Phy supplied had increased the ATTD of dry matter (p<0.05) and SID of histidine (p = 0.05), arginine, leucine, lysine, valine, alanine, and proline (p<0.05). BR with MC had been increased digestible energy and protein and SID for histidine (p<0.05). There was no interaction between Phy and MC on the BR nutrient digestibilities. Standardized amino acid digestibilities of BR, without enzymes, were lower than those values reported in the literature. The MC and Phy improved the digestibility of some nutrients and energy of BR in post-weaned piglet diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Dadalt
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - C Gallardo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - G V Polycarpo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - F E L Budiño
- Animal Science Institute, IZ, Nova Odessa, SP 13460-000, Brazil
| | - A Rogiewicz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - D A Berto
- Department of Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil
| | - M A Trindade Neto
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
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Dadalt JC, Butzen FM, Ribeiro AML, Renz SV, Kessler ADM, Penz Júnior AM. Comparison between linear and nonlinear systems of feed formulation for broilers. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x1701109-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - FM Butzen
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - AML Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - SV Renz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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