Propranolol analogs containing natural monoterpene structures: synthesis and pharmacological properties

A few derivatives of natural, bicyclic monoterpenes, which are propranolol analogs, were synthetized. Those compounds were studied pharmacologically in order to determine their toxicity, antiarrhythmic activity in selected experimental models of arrhythmia, the local anesthetic effect and influence on the cardiovascular system. The tested compounds showed a less potent or similar toxicity towards reference drugs, were devoid of an antiarrhythmic activity in the model of barium arrhythmia, yet some of them (compounds 9 and 12) increased the arrhythmogenic dose of strophanthin. All the compounds studied had a local anesthetic effect stronger than lidocaine in infiltration anesthesia, and compound 8--also in surface anesthesia.

Influence of ethanol on the antiarrhythmic activity of verapamil

The aim of this work was to determine the influence of ethanol on the antiarrhythmic activity of verapamil in the model of calcium arrhythmia in rats non-dependent and dependent on ethanol. The results of the experiment show that a combined, single administration of ethanol and verapamil attenuates in a statistically significant manner the antiarrhythmic effect of verapamil. Ethanol administered repeatedly together with verapamil does not diminish the antiarrhythmic activity of verapamil.

Interaction between ethanol and diltiazem in the model of barium arrhythmia in the rat

The antiarrhythmic action of diltiazem in the model of barium arrhythmia was studied in rats non-dependent and dependent on ethanol. The results of our studies showed that single intragastric administration of ethanol jointly with diltiazem did not significantly attenuate the antiarrhythmic effect of diltiazem. Ethanol administered repeatedly and jointly with diltiazem influenced the antiarrhythmic action of diltiazem in different ways, depending on the used dose of diltiazem. After repeated joint administration of ethanol and diltiazem in a lower dose, attenuation of the antiarrhythmic effect of diltiazem was not observed. Repeated joint administration of ethanol and diltiazem in a higher dose attenuated the antiarrhythmic effect of diltiazem. Those experiments also showed that single administration of diltiazem did not significantly influence the ethanol level in the blood; however, when administered repeatedly, diltiazem reduced the concentration of ethanol in blood.

Synthesis and local anesthetic and circulatory actions of aminoesters and hydroxyamine monoterpene derivatives

Esters of N,N-diethylaminoacetic acid and hydroxyamines, obtained from structurally different natural monoterpenes, were pharmacologically examined. It was proved that salts of the obtained compounds had local anesthetic properties in infiltration anesthesia, compounds 9, 6 and 8 having been more potent than lidocaine. Compounds 7-9 slightly increased the arrhythmogenic dose, and compound 12 - the lethal dose of strophanthin. All the examined compounds transiently decreased the arterial blood pressure and displayed a cardiopressive activity.

Synthesis and some pharmacological properties of 1,2-amino ethers with natural monoterpene structures

Synthesis and physicochemical and pharmacological properties of 10 analogs of 2-[2-(6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)ethoxy]N, N-diethylamino ethane (3) have been described. The compounds possess toxicity close to or lower than the parent compound--myrtecaine, have no antiarrhythmic activity but some of them (15, 16, 22, 24), similarly as compound 3, show quite strong local anesthetic action.

The interaction between ethanol and amiodarone, in the model of adrenaline arrhythmia in the rat

The antiarrhythmic activity of amiodarone was studied in the model of adrenaline-induced arrhythmia in rats non-dependent and dependent on ethanol. After single or repeated joint administration of ethanol and amiodarone the antiarrhythmic effect of amiodarone was attenuated. No significant differences in the activity of amiodarone were observed when the drug was administered in the period of abstinence.

Synthesis and pharmacological properties of phenoxyethylpiperazine derivatives

Salts of new 1-phenoxyethylpiperazines 1-5, their 4-amidine derivatives 6-10 and 4-phenoxyacetyl derivatives 11-15 have been obtained. Some of them were screened for their cardiovascular activity.

The effect of some 8-aminoalkanol derivatives of theophylline on cardiovascular system

Novel 7,8-disubstituted theophyllines 1-6a, with chiral or achiral moiety of 1,2-aminoalcohol in position 8, were obtained as the compounds with expected activity on circulation. Preliminary evaluation of their antiarrhythmic activity and the effect on the cardiovascular system was carried out. The antiarrhythmic activity similar to that of quinidine (with ca. 20 times lower toxicity) was found only for racemic 7-beta-hydroxyethyl-8-(1'-hydroxybut-2'-yl) aminotheophylline 1 and its enantiomers 2, 3 which did not differ markedly in their efficacy. The compounds with the hydroxyethyl moiety in position 7 of theophylline (1-3, 5) showed the hypotensive effect.

Synthesis of amide derivatives of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin as potential antiarrhythmic agents. I

5,5-Diphenylhydantoin derivatives containing amide groups at the position 3 were synthesized as potential antiarrhythmic agents. The most valuable was (X) whose antiarrhythmic activity is stronger than that of phenytoin.

New derivatives of amino alcohols with antiarrhythmic activity

Nine new N-acyl derivatives of 2-amino-1-alcohols and 1-amino-2-alcohols with a potential arrhythmic activity have been obtained. In the preliminary screening 2-[N-(7-theophyllineacetyl)-amino]-2-methyl-1-propanol, 5, was more active in the chloroform-induced arrhythmia than quinidine. Unlike to propranolol and quinidine, compound 5 in doses of 5-30 mg/kg, iv, did not prevent distortions of the cardiac rhythm evoked by adrenaline and strophanthine. When administered at the peak of arrhythmia, it did not abolish disturbances of the cardiac rhythm. Compound 5 had a low toxicity (LD50 = 3000 mg/kg, ip), did not change the control ECG curve, showed no cardiodepressive activity, and had weaker local anesthetic properties than lignocaine.

Derivatives of 2-N-arylalkylamino-2-methyl-1-propanol with antiarrhythmic activity

Several aryl derivatives of achiral 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol have been obtained and tested for prophylactic and curative activity in different types of experimental arrhythmia. Interesting results were obtained for compounds 3 and 4 with activity and toxicity similar to those of quinidine.

Synthesis and some biological properties of 2-xanthonylalkyl-(alkoxy) carboxylic acids

2-Xanthonylacetic acids 5a-5d and alpha-methyl-2-xanthonyloxyacetic acid 8 were obtained as potential anti-inflammatory compounds. Preliminary evaluation was carried out for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of acids 5a, 5c and 5d and for inhibition of blood platelets aggregation by compounds 5a-5d and 8. In the inhibition of carrageenin-induced rat edema the highest activity shown by acids 5a and 5c was similar to that of ketoprofen.

Pharmacological properties of 3-aminoalkyl and amide derivatives of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin

5,5-Diphenylhydantoin derivatives containing at the position 3 aminoalkyl (1, 2, 4, 5), aminohydroxyalkyl (3) and amide (6, 8) groups were synthesized. The compounds, given in a dose of 50 mg/kg, did not affect cardiac bioelectric activity and, in contrast to diphenylhydantoin, did not possess the antiarrhythmic properties and did not protect against pentetrazol seizures.

N-substituted urethanes as potential antiinflammatory agents

Sixteen N-substituted urethanes were investigated as potential antiinflammatory agents. Most of them showed no stronger activity than phenylbutazone. The most active in the xylene hyperemia test were N,N'-dicarbethoxy-N,N'-dicyclohexyl-1,3-diaminopropane (XVI) and cyclohexyl piperidine-1-carboxylate (XIII). None of the studied compounds showed analgesic activity.

Cyclohexyl analogues of some antiinflammatory drugs

Some new compounds containing cyclohexyl substituents, with a structure similar or analogous to that of traditional antiinflammatory drugs, were synthesized and their antiinflammatory activity was investigated. The strongest activity was shown by alpha-(p-cyclohexylphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone W 8.

[Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of nonachlazine]

Nonachlazin diminishes aseptic inflammation provoked by subplantar administration of carrageenin to rats. Nonachlazin increases the sensitivity pain threshold of the rat paw affected by carrageenin-induced inflammation, decreases the reaction of mice to intraperitoneal injection of phenylchinoin, and the ability of the rabbit central nervous system for impulse summation. Nonachlazin prevents carrageenin-induced temperature rise in rats.

Antiinflammatory activity of the new aminomethyl derivatives of 1-cyclohexyl-5-alkyl and 1-cyclohexyl-5,5-dialkylbarbituric acids

Several new aminomethyl derivatives of barbituric acid were evaluated pharmacologically. 1-Cyclohexyl-5-piperidylmethyl-5-allylbarbituric acid and 1-cyclohexyl-3-morpholinomethyl-5,5-diallylbarbituric acid displayed antinflammatory activity in the carrageenin-edema and xylene-tests but did not produce analgesia. It has been also found that introduction of aminomethyl groups into the antiinflammatory barbituric derivatives brings about elevation of the resorption of the tested compounds.