1
|
Supraglottic jet ventilation for elective laryngotracheal surgery; 1300 patient experience in a tertiary referral hospital. Br J Anaesth 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
2
|
|
3
|
|
4
|
High-Energy Petawatt Project at the University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst06-a1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
5
|
Scaling the yield of laser-driven electron-positron jets to laboratory astrophysical applications. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:215001. [PMID: 26066440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.215001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report new experimental results obtained on three different laser facilities that show directed laser-driven relativistic electron-positron jets with up to 30 times larger yields than previously obtained and a quadratic (∼E_{L}^{2}) dependence of the positron yield on the laser energy. This favorable scaling stems from a combination of higher energy electrons due to increased laser intensity and the recirculation of MeV electrons in the mm-thick target. Based on this scaling, first principles simulations predict the possibility of using such electron-positron jets, produced at upcoming high-energy laser facilities, to probe the physics of relativistic collisionless shocks in the laboratory.
Collapse
|
6
|
StarDriver: A Flexible Laser Driver for Inertial Confinement Fusion and High Energy Density Physics. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-014-9697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Relativistic quasimonoenergetic positron jets from intense laser-solid interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:015003. [PMID: 20867455 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Detailed angle and energy resolved measurements of positrons ejected from the back of a gold target that was irradiated with an intense picosecond duration laser pulse reveal that the positrons are ejected in a collimated relativistic jet. The laser-positron energy conversion efficiency is ∼2×10{-4}. The jets have ∼20 degree angular divergence and the energy distributions are quasimonoenergetic with energy of 4 to 20 MeV and a beam temperature of ∼1 MeV. The sheath electric field on the surface of the target is shown to determine the positron energy. The positron angular and energy distribution is controlled by varying the sheath field, through the laser conditions and target geometry.
Collapse
|
8
|
Optimizing electron-positron pair production on kilojoule-class high-intensity lasers for the purpose of pair-plasma creation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:066409. [PMID: 19658614 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.066409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Expressions for the yield of electron-positron pairs, their energy spectra, and production rates have been obtained in the interaction of multi-kJ pulses of high-intensity laser light interacting with solid targets. The Bethe-Heitler conversion of hard x-ray bremsstrahlung [D. A. Gryaznykh, Y. Z. Kandiev, and V. A. Lykov, JETP Lett. 67, 257 (1998); K. Nakashima and H. Takabe, Phys. Plasmas 9, 1505 (2002)] is shown to dominate over direct production (trident process) [E. P. Liang, S. C. Wilks, and M. Tabak, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4887 (1998)]. The yields and production rates have been optimized as a function of incident laser intensity by the choice of target material and dimensions, indicating that up to 5 x 10 (11) pairs can be produced on the OMEGA EP laser system [L. J. Waxer, Opt. Photonics News 16, 30 (2005)]. The corresponding production rates are high enough to make possible the creation of a pair plasma.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Obesity is an endemic health problem in most developed countries, requiring serious public health attention. The first Portuguese nationwide representative survey about obesity (with objective anthropometric measurement) was undertaken from 1995 to 1998. This paper presents data coming from the second and most recent nationwide representative study of obesity, with objective measurement of weight, height, waist and hip circumferences. Data were collected between January 2003 and January 2005. The survey collected objective body mass index (BMI) values of 8116 participants aged 18-64. Main findings were: 2.4% of the sample had low weight (BMI < 18.5), 39.4% were overweight (BMI between 25.0 and 29.9), and 14.2% obese (BMI > or = 30). Waist circumference measurement showed that 45.6% of the sample suffers increased cardiovascular health risks associated with high waist circumference. The overall overweight/obesity prevalence increased from 49.6% (in 1995-1998) to 53.6% (in 2003-2005). These data suggest that although obesity was identified as a public health problem one decade ago, action to reduce it does not seem to have been very effective to date. Well-defined public health intervention must be targeted to specific population groups where higher levels of obesity prevalence were found: low socioeconomic level groups and low-education level groups.
Collapse
|
10
|
Progress in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion research at the laboratory for laser energetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:2006133013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
11
|
AZD7545, a novel inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2), activates pyruvate dehydrogenase in vivo and improves blood glucose control in obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. Biochem Soc Trans 2004; 31:1165-7. [PMID: 14641018 DOI: 10.1042/bst0311165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) is a key enzyme controlling the rate of glucose oxidation, and the availability of gluconeogenic precursors. Activation of PDH in skeletal muscle and liver may increase glucose uptake and reduce glucose production. This study describes the properties of AZD7545, a novel, small-molecule inhibitor of PDHK (PDH kinase). In the presence of PDHK2, AZD7545 increased PDH activity with an EC(50) value of 5.2 nM. In rat hepatocytes, the rate of pyruvate oxidation was stimulated 2-fold (EC(50) 105 nM). A single dose of AZD7545 to Wistar rats increased the proportion of liver PDH in its active, dephosphorylated form in a dose-related manner from 24.7 to 70.3% at 30 mg/kg; and in skeletal muscle from 21.1 to 53.3%. A single dose of 10 mg/kg also significantly elevated muscle PDH activity in obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats. Obese, insulin-resistant, Zucker rats show elevated postprandial glucose levels compared with their lean counterparts (8.7 versus 6.1 mM at 12 weeks old). AZD7545 (10 mg/kg) twice daily for 7 days markedly improved the 24-h glucose profile, by eliminating the postprandial elevation in blood glucose. These results suggest that PDHK inhibitors may be beneficial agents for improving glucose control in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Observation of ion acoustic waves associated with plasma-induced incoherence of laser beams using Thomson scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 68:056405. [PMID: 14682892 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.68.056405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out experiments to investigate the physical processes responsible for the recently discovered phenomenon of plasma-induced incoherence (PII) of a laser beam. Using a Thomson scattering diagnostic, we have observed ion acoustic waves (IAW) having wave vectors transverse to the interaction beam spectral and temporal characteristics of which show a clear correlation with other signatures of PII for various conditions of plasma density and laser intensity. These results support the recent theoretical interpretation for which the IAW result from the coupling between forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and self-focusing of the laser light in PII mechanisms.
Collapse
|
13
|
The pre-operative assessment and referral of elderly patients with high operative risk. Anaesthesia 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03411_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
14
|
Multibeam effects on fast-electron generation from two-plasmon-decay instability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:235002. [PMID: 12857266 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.235002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Experiments with multiple laser beams have been carried out in both spherical and planar geometry to study two-plasmon-decay instability, the predominant source of suprathermal electrons in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion experiments. These electrons are observed using the hard x rays generated through electron-target interactions. The experiments show for the first time that the total overlapped intensity governs the scaling of the suprathermal-electron generation regardless of the number of overlapped beams, in contrast to conventional theories that are based on the single-beam approximation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Nonlinear propagation of a randomized laser beam through an expanding plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:255003. [PMID: 11736585 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.255003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present simulations of the interaction of a random phase plate laser beam with an underdense, expanding plasma for conditions typical of recent LULI experiments. We use a new code that describes the paraxial propagation of the laser, accounting for the nonlinear evolution of the plasma in an isothermal fluid description with weakly collisional electrons. The transmitted light, in excellent agreement with experiment, is shown to be strongly redshifted as a result of self-phase modulation due to self-focusing.
Collapse
|
16
|
Microbiology of the oil fly, Helaeomyia petrolei. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:1477-82. [PMID: 10103240 PMCID: PMC91210 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.4.1477-1482.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/1998] [Accepted: 01/03/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helaeomyia petrolei larvae isolated from the asphalt seeps of Rancho La Brea in Los Angeles, Calif., were examined for microbial gut contents. Standard counts on Luria-Bertani, MacConkey, and blood agar plates indicated ca. 2 x 10(5) heterotrophic bacteria per larva. The culturable bacteria represented 15 to 20% of the total population as determined by acridine orange staining. The gut itself contained large amounts of the oil, had no observable ceca, and maintained a slightly acidic pH of 6.3 to 6.5. Despite the ingestion of large amounts of potentially toxic asphalt by the larvae, their guts sustained the growth of 100 to 1,000 times more bacteria than did free oil. All of the bacteria isolated were nonsporeformers and gram negative. Fourteen isolates were chosen based on representative colony morphologies and were identified by using the Enterotube II and API 20E systems and fatty acid analysis. Of the 14 isolates, 9 were identified as Providencia rettgeri and 3 were likely Acinetobacter isolates. No evidence was found that the isolates grew on or derived nutrients from the asphalt itself or that they played an essential role in insect development. Regardless, any bacteria found in the oil fly larval gut are likely to exhibit pronounced solvent tolerance and may be a future source of industrially useful, solvent-tolerant enzymes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kinetic theory of ion acoustic waves in a plasma with collisional electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1995; 52:6759-6776. [PMID: 9964191 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.52.6759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
18
|
Abstract
During transcervical endometrial resection the uterine cavity is irrigated under pressure with 1.5% glycine solution. This solution may be absorbed, with consequent fluid and electrolyte shifts. Plasma sodium concentration was analysed in 21 women undergoing transcervical endometrial resection and decreased in every case. In five cases this decrease was > 10 mmol.l-1. Hyponatraemia is a potential risk with this procedure.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ion acoustic waves in plasmas with collisional electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1994; 50:5134-5137. [PMID: 9962603 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.5134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
20
|
Adult orthodontics. Unmasking the myths. THE DENTAL ASSISTANT 1988; 57:21-5. [PMID: 3271205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
21
|
Abstract
Queries have been raised concerning the potential hazards of X-ray irradiation on patients using the new generation of heart pacemakers based on digital circuitry. The present study was undertaken to provide some answers to these queries. The work was conducted in two parts. First, a literature search was done and, second, circuits using current "state of the art" digital technology were irradiated with X-rays. Watch circuits were chosen because of their availability and built-in facilities by which their function could be tested. Doses up to 330 rads were administered to them using energies of 46, 114, and 141 KeV. The conclusion drawn from both parts of the study was that X-rays used for diagnostic purposes were unlikely to affect the performance of this type of circuit in any way. It was accepted that for therapeutic purposes doses far in excess of this are administered and circuit malfunctions are likely to occur. To assess the probability of a digital pacemaker malfunctioning, samples of that particular type would have to be irradiated at the relevant dose.
Collapse
|
22
|
Some observations on the mechanism of action of retarders in rubber vulcanization. A new class of retarder. J Appl Polym Sci 1972. [DOI: 10.1002/app.1972.070161017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
23
|
Authors. NUCL TECHNOL 1972. [DOI: 10.13182/nt72-a31091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
24
|
Radioisotope-fuelled 'batteries' for heart pacemakers. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 1971; 6:192-6. [PMID: 5096864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
25
|
Electron spin resonance of a series of biscyclopentadienyltitanium(III) hydrides. Deductions from solid-state spectra. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1039/j19710001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
26
|
Electron spin resonance spectra of some nitrogen, phosphorus, and arsenic complexes of biscyclopentadienyltitanium(III). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1039/j29700000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
27
|
An electron spin resonance study of some cyclopentadienyl–organophosphi de complexes of titanium(III) and zirconium(III). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1039/c29690000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
28
|
An electron spin resonance study of the asymmetric solvation of the m-dinitrobenzene and 3,5-dinitrobenzoate radical anions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1968. [DOI: 10.1039/j29680000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
The electron spin resonance spectra of some aromatic cyanide and isocyanide anions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1039/j29670000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
The electron spin resonance spectra of radicals obtained by the addition of amino- and hydroxyl radicals to alkenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1039/j29670000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
31
|
Electron spin resonance studies of electron-transfer reactions with aromatic nitro-compounds in aqueous media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1966. [DOI: 10.1039/j29660001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|