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van Riemsdijk I, Arntzen JW, Bucciarelli GM, McCartney-Melstad E, Rafajlović M, Scott PA, Toffelmier E, Shaffer HB, Wielstra B. Two transects reveal remarkable variation in gene flow on opposite ends of a European toad hybrid zone. Heredity (Edinb) 2023:10.1038/s41437-023-00617-6. [PMID: 37106116 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-023-00617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Speciation entails a reduction in gene flow between lineages. The rates at which genomic regions become isolated varies across space and time. Barrier markers are linked to putative genes involved in (processes of) reproductive isolation, and, when observed over two transects, indicate species-wide processes. In contrast, transect-specific putative barrier markers suggest local processes. We studied two widely separated transects along the 900 km hybrid zone between Bufo bufo and B. spinosus, in northern and southern France, for ~1200 RADseq markers. We used genomic and geographic cline analyses to identify barrier markers based on their restricted introgression, and found that some markers are transect-specific, while others are shared between transects. Twenty-six barrier markers were shared across both transects, of which some are clustered in the same chromosomal region, suggesting that their associated genes are involved in reduced gene flow across the entire hybrid zone. Transect-specific barrier markers were twice as numerous in the southern than in the northern transect, suggesting that the overall barrier effect is weaker in northern France. We hypothesize that this is consistent with a longer period of secondary contact in southern France. The smaller number of introgressed genes in the northern transect shows considerably more gene flow towards the southern (B. spinosus) than the northern species (B. bufo). We hypothesize that hybrid zone movement in northern France and hybrid zone stability in southern France explain this pattern. The Bufo hybrid zone provides an excellent opportunity to separate a general barrier effect from localized gene flow-reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I van Riemsdijk
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Institute for Evolution and Ecology, Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - J W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - G M Bucciarelli
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of the Environment, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - E McCartney-Melstad
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Rafajlović
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P A Scott
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Natural Sciences Collegium, Eckerd College, 4200 54 Ave S, St Petersburg, FL, 33711, USA
| | - E Toffelmier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H B Shaffer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Wielstra
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Palomar G, Dudek K, Migalska M, Arntzen JW, Ficetola GF, Jelić D, Jockusch E, Martínez-Solano I, Matsunami M, Shaffer HB, Vörös J, Waldman B, Wielstra B, Babik W. Coevolution between MHC class I and Antigen Processing Genes in salamanders. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:5092-5106. [PMID: 34375431 PMCID: PMC8557411 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins encoded by antigen-processing genes (APGs) provide major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I) with antigenic peptides. In mammals, polymorphic multigenic MHC-I family is served by monomorphic APGs, whereas in certain nonmammalian species both MHC-I and APGs are polymorphic and coevolve within stable haplotypes. Coevolution was suggested as an ancestral gnathostome feature, presumably enabling only a single highly expressed classical MHC-I gene. In this view coevolution, while optimizing some aspects of adaptive immunity, would also limit its flexibility by preventing the expansion of classical MHC-I into a multigene family. However, some nonmammalian taxa, such as salamanders, have multiple highly expressed MHC-I genes, suggesting either that coevolution is relaxed or that it does not prevent the establishment of multigene MHC-I. To distinguish between these two alternatives, we use salamanders (30 species from 16 genera representing six families) to test, within a comparative framework, a major prediction of the coevolution hypothesis: the positive correlation between MHC-I and APG diversity. We found that MHC-I diversity explained both within-individual and species-wide diversity of two APGs, TAP1 and TAP2, supporting their coevolution with MHC-I, whereas no consistent effect was detected for the other three APGs (PSMB8, PSMB9, and TAPBP). Our results imply that although coevolution occurs in salamanders, it does not preclude the expansion of the MHC-I gene family. Contrary to the previous suggestions, nonmammalian vertebrates thus may be able to accommodate diverse selection pressures with flexibility granted by rapid expansion or contraction of the MHC-I family, while retaining the benefits of coevolution between MHC-I and TAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Palomar
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Dudek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Migalska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - J W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G F Ficetola
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, University of Milano, Italy.,Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France
| | - D Jelić
- Croatian Institute for Biodiversity, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - E Jockusch
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - I Martínez-Solano
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Matsunami
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Japan
| | - H B Shaffer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - J Vörös
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Waldman
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - B Wielstra
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W Babik
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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3
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Wielstra B, Burke T, Butlin RK, Arntzen JW. A signature of dynamic biogeography: enclaves indicate past species replacement. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20172014. [PMID: 29187631 PMCID: PMC5740283 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how species have replaced each other in the past is important to predicting future species turnover. While past species replacement is difficult to detect after the fact, the process may be inferred from present-day distribution patterns. Species with abutting ranges sometimes show a characteristic distribution pattern, where a section of one species range is enveloped by that of the other. Such an enclave could indicate past species replacement: when a species is partly supplanted by a competitor, but a population endures locally while the invading species moves around and past it, an enclave forms. If the two species hybridize and backcross, the receding species is predicted to leave genetic traces within the expanding one under a scenario of species replacement. By screening dozens of genes in hybridizing crested newts, we uncover genetic remnants of the ancestral species, now inhabiting an enclave, in the range of the surrounding invading species. This independent genetic evidence supports the past distribution dynamics we predicted from the enclave. We suggest that enclaves provide a valuable tool in understanding historical species replacement, which is important because a major conservation concern arising from anthropogenic climate change is increased species replacement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wielstra
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - T Burke
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - R K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - J W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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Muths E, Chambert T, Schmidt BR, Miller DAW, Hossack BR, Joly P, Grolet O, Green DM, Pilliod DS, Cheylan M, Fisher RN, McCaffery RM, Adams MJ, Palen WJ, Arntzen JW, Garwood J, Fellers G, Thirion JM, Besnard A, Grant EHC. Heterogeneous responses of temperate-zone amphibian populations to climate change complicates conservation planning. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17102. [PMID: 29213103 PMCID: PMC5719039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The pervasive and unabated nature of global amphibian declines suggests common demographic responses to a given driver, and quantification of major drivers and responses could inform broad-scale conservation actions. We explored the influence of climate on demographic parameters (i.e., changes in the probabilities of survival and recruitment) using 31 datasets from temperate zone amphibian populations (North America and Europe) with more than a decade of observations each. There was evidence for an influence of climate on population demographic rates, but the direction and magnitude of responses to climate drivers was highly variable among taxa and among populations within taxa. These results reveal that climate drivers interact with variation in life-history traits and population-specific attributes resulting in a diversity of responses. This heterogeneity complicates the identification of conservation 'rules of thumb' for these taxa, and supports the notion of local focus as the most effective approach to overcome global-scale conservation challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Muths
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Ave., Bldg C, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA.
| | - T Chambert
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - B R Schmidt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Info Fauna KARCH, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - D A W Miller
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - B R Hossack
- U.S. Geological Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, 790 E. Beckwith, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
| | - P Joly
- Université Lyon 1, UMR 5023 - LEHNA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - O Grolet
- Université Lyon 1, UMR 5023 - LEHNA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - D M Green
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - D S Pilliod
- U.S. Geological, Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID, 83706, USA
| | - M Cheylan
- CNRS, PSL Research University, EPHE, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, F-34293, Montpellier, France
| | - R N Fisher
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego Field Station, 4165 Spruance Road, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - R M McCaffery
- University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 600 E. Park Ave, Port Angeles, WA, 98362, USA
| | - M J Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - W J Palen
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive Burnaby, British Columbia, CANADA V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - J W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 6.4.16 Sylvius Bldg, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Garwood
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 5341 Ericson Way, Arcata, CA, 95521, USA
| | - G Fellers
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes National Seashore, Point Reyes, CA, 94956, USA
| | - J-M Thirion
- Association Objectifs Biodiversités (OBIOS), 12 rue du docteur Gilbert, 17250, Pont l'Abbé d'Arnoult, France
| | - A Besnard
- CNRS, PSL Research University, EPHE, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, F-34293, Montpellier, France
| | - E H Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
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Wallis GP, Arntzen JW. MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION IN THE CRESTED NEWT SUPERSPECIES: LIMITED CYTOPLASMIC GENE FLOW AMONG SPECIES. Evolution 2017; 43:88-104. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb04209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/1987] [Accepted: 06/28/1988] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham P. Wallis
- Department of Zoology; University of Leicester; Leicester LE1 7RH U.K
- Department of Zoology; University of Western Australia; Nedlands Western Australia 6009 AUSTRALIA
| | - J. W. Arntzen
- Institute of Taxonomic Zoology; University of Amsterdam; Mauritskade 57, P.O. Box 4766 AT Amsterdam 1009 THE NETHERLANDS
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Arntzen JW, Wallis GP. RESTRICTED GENE FLOW IN A MOVING HYBRID ZONE OF THE NEWTSTRITURUS CRISTATUSANDT. MARMORATUSIN WESTERN FRANCE. Evolution 2017; 45:805-826. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/1990] [Accepted: 11/21/1990] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Arntzen
- Institute of Taxonomic Zoology; University of Amsterdam; Mauritskade 57, P.O. Box 4766 1009 AT Amsterdam THE NETHERLANDS
| | - G. P. Wallis
- Department of Zoology; University of Leicester; University Road Leicester LEI 7RH UK
- Department of Zoology; University of Western Australia; Nedlands WA 6009 AUSTRALIA
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Wielstra B, Burke T, Butlin RK, Schaap O, Shaffer HB, Vrieling K, Arntzen JW. Efficient screening for ‘genetic pollution’ in an anthropogenic crested newt hybrid zone. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-016-0582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wielstra B, Arntzen JW. Description of a new species of crested newt, previously subsumed in Triturus ivanbureschi (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae). Zootaxa 2016; 4109:73-80. [PMID: 27394852 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Multilocus molecular data play a pivotal role in diagnosing cryptic species (i.e. genetically distinct but morphologically similar species). A multilocus phylogeographic survey has provided compelling evidence that Triturus ivanbureschi sensu lato comprises two distinct gene pools with restricted gene flow. We conclude that this taxon had better be treated as two distinct (albeit morphologically cryptic) species. The name T. ivanbureschi should be restricted to the western species, which is distributed in western Asiatic Turkey plus the south-eastern Balkan Peninsula. No name is as yet available for the eastern species, which is distributed in northern Asiatic Turkey. We propose the name T. anatolicus sp. nov. for the eastern species and provide a formal species description.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wielstra
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - J W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; unknown
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Wielstra B, Litvinchuk SN, Naumov B, Tzankov N, Arntzen JW. A revised taxonomy of crested newts in the Triturus karelinii group (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 2014; 3682:441-53. [PMID: 25243299 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3682.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We present a taxonomic revision of the crested newt Triturus karelinii sensu lato. Based on the presence of discrete nuclear DNA gene pools, deep genetic divergence of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, and no indication of gene flow, we interpret this taxon as comprising two species: one covering the southern Caspian Sea shore, the Caucasus and the Crimea, i.e. the eastern part of the total range and another covering northern Asiatic Turkey and western Asiatic Turkey plus the southeastern Balkan Peninsula, i.e. the central and western part of the total range. We acknowledge that the central/western species should likely be further subdivided into a central and a western taxon, but we prefer to await a more detailed genetic analysis of the putative contact zone, positioned in northwestern Asiatic Turkey. The name T. karelinii (Strauch, 1870) applies to the eastern species as the type locality is positioned along the coast of the Gulf of Gorgan, Iran. The name T. arntzeni has been applied to the central/western species with Vrtovać, Serbia as the type locality. We show that not T. karelinii sensu lato but T. macedonicus occurs at Vrtovać. Hence, the name T. arntzeni Litvinchuk, Borkin, Dzukić and Kalezić, 1999 (in Litvinchuk et al., 1999) is a junior synonym of T. macedonicus (Karaman, 1922) and should not be used for the central/western species. We propose the name T. ivanbureschi sp. nov. for the central/western species and provide a formal species description.
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Wielstra B, Duijm E, Lagler P, Lammers Y, Meilink WRM, Ziermann JM, Arntzen JW. Parallel tagged amplicon sequencing of transcriptome-based genetic markers for Triturus newts with the Ion Torrent next-generation sequencing platform. Mol Ecol Resour 2014; 14:1080-9. [PMID: 24571307 PMCID: PMC4285185 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing is a fast and cost-effective way to obtain sequence data for nonmodel organisms for many markers and for many individuals. We describe a protocol through which we obtain orthologous markers for the crested newts (Amphibia: Salamandridae: Triturus), suitable for analysis of interspecific hybridization. We use transcriptome data of a single Triturus species and design 96 primer pairs that amplify c. 180 bp fragments positioned in 3-prime untranslated regions. Next, these markers are tested with uniplex PCR for a set of species spanning the taxonomical width of the genus Triturus. The 52 markers that consistently show a single band of expected length at gel electrophoreses for all tested crested newt species are then amplified in five multiplex PCRs (with a plexity of ten or eleven) for 132 individual newts: a set of 84 representing the seven (candidate) species and a set of 48 from a presumed hybrid population. After pooling multiplexes per individual, unique tags are ligated to link amplicons to individuals. Subsequently, individuals are pooled equimolar and sequenced on the Ion Torrent next-generation sequencing platform. A bioinformatics pipeline identifies the alleles and recodes these to a genotypic format. Next, we test the utility of our markers. baps allocates the 84 crested newt individuals representing (candidate) species to their expected (candidate) species, confirming the markers are suitable for species delineation. newhybrids, a hybrid index and hiest confirm the 48 individuals from the presumed hybrid population to be genetically admixed, illustrating the potential of the markers to identify interspecific hybridization. We expect the set of markers we designed to provide a high resolving power for analysis of hybridization in Triturus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wielstra
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300, RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
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Abbott R, Albach D, Ansell S, Arntzen JW, Baird SJE, Bierne N, Boughman J, Brelsford A, Buerkle CA, Buggs R, Butlin RK, Dieckmann U, Eroukhmanoff F, Grill A, Cahan SH, Hermansen JS, Hewitt G, Hudson AG, Jiggins C, Jones J, Keller B, Marczewski T, Mallet J, Martinez-Rodriguez P, Möst M, Mullen S, Nichols R, Nolte AW, Parisod C, Pfennig K, Rice AM, Ritchie MG, Seifert B, Smadja CM, Stelkens R, Szymura JM, Väinölä R, Wolf JBW, Zinner D. Hybridization and speciation. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:229-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1370] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Espregueira Themudo G, Nieman AM, Arntzen JW. Is dispersal guided by the environment? A comparison of interspecific gene flow estimates among differentiated regions of a newt hybrid zone. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:5324-35. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. M. Nieman
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center; P. O. Box 9517; 2300 RA; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - J. W. Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center; P. O. Box 9517; 2300 RA; Leiden; The Netherlands
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Recuero E, Canestrelli D, Vörös J, Szabó K, Poyarkov NA, Arntzen JW, Crnobrnja-Isailovic J, Kidov AA, Cogălniceanu D, Caputo FP, Nascetti G, Martínez-Solano I. Multilocus species tree analyses resolve the radiation of the widespread Bufo bufo species group (Anura, Bufonidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 62:71-86. [PMID: 21964513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
New analytical methods are improving our ability to reconstruct robust species trees from multilocus datasets, despite difficulties in phylogenetic reconstruction associated with recent, rapid divergence, incomplete lineage sorting and/or introgression. In this study, we applied these methods to resolve the radiation of toads in the Bufo bufo (Anura, Bufonidae) species group, ranging from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa to Siberia, based on sequences from two mitochondrial and four nuclear DNA regions (3490 base pairs). We obtained a fully-resolved topology, with the recently described Bufo eichwaldi from the Talysh Mountains in south Azerbaijan and Iran as the sister taxon to a clade including: (1) north African, Iberian, and most French populations, referred herein to Bufo spinosus based on the implied inclusion of populations from its type locality and (2) a second clade, sister to B. spinosus, including two sister subclades: one with all samples of Bufo verrucosissimus from the Caucasus and another one with samples of B. bufo from northern France to Russia, including the Apennine and Balkan peninsulas and most of Anatolia. Coalescent-based estimations of time to most recent common ancestors for each species and selected subclades allowed historical reconstruction of the diversification of the species group in the context of Mediterranean paleogeography and indicated a long evolutionary history in this region. Finally, we used our data to delimit the ranges of the four species, particularly the more widespread and historically confused B. spinosus and B. bufo, and identify potential contact zones, some of which show striking parallels with other co-distributed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Recuero
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Arntzen JW, Wijer P, Jehle R, Smit E, Smit J. Rare hybridization and introgression in smooth and palmate newts (Salamandridae: Triturus vulgaris and T. helveticus). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.1998.tb00830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Babik W, Pabijan M, Arntzen JW, Cogâlniceanu D, Durka W, Radwan J. Long-term survival of a urodele amphibian despite depleted major histocompatibility complex variation. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:769-81. [PMID: 19207255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.04057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Babik
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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Espregueira Themudo G, Babik W, Arntzen JW. A combination of techniques proves useful in the development of nuclear markers in the newt genus Triturus. Mol Ecol Resour 2009; 9:1160-2. [PMID: 21564844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To increase the number of markers available for study of phylogeny and phylogeography in the newt genus Triturus, we developed and tested 59 primer pairs using three different techniques. Primers were obtained from published sources, by designing exon-primed intron-crossing primers and from randomly cloned anonymous nuclear DNA fragments. Successful polymerase chain reaction products were cloned and sequenced. Five fragments were successfully amplified and sequenced for six species of Triturus: intron 7 of the β-fibrinogen gene (βfibint7), third intron of the calreticulin gene (CalintC), the 11th intron of the α-subunit of the platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFRα) and two anonymous markers (Cri1 and Cri4). The average percentage species divergence across all the markers is low (c. 3%), compared to what has been found in mitochondrial DNA (25-30%).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Espregueira Themudo
- National Museum of Natural History Naturalis, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal, Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany, Institute of Environmental Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Steinfartz S, Vicario S, Arntzen JW, Caccone A. A Bayesian approach on molecules and behavior: reconsidering phylogenetic and evolutionary patterns of the Salamandridae with emphasis on Triturus newts. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2007; 308:139-62. [PMID: 16969762 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The monophyly of European newts of the genus Triturus within the family Salamandridae has for decades rested on presumably homologous behavioral and morphological characters. Molecular data challenge this hypothesis, but the phylogenetic position of Triturus within the Salamandridae has not yet been convincingly resolved. We addressed this issue and the temporal divergence of Triturus within the Salamandridae with novel Bayesian approaches applied to DNA sequence data from three mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S and cytb). We included 38 salamandrid species comprising all 13 recognized species of Triturus and 16 out of 17 salamandrid genera. A clade comprising all the "Newts" can be separated from the "True Salamanders" and Salamandrina clades. Within the "Newts" well-supported clades are: Tylototriton-Pleurodeles, the "New World Newts" (Notophthalmus-Taricha), and the "Modern Eurasian Newts" (Cynops, Pachytriton, Paramesotriton=together the "Modern Asian Newts", Calotriton, Euproctus, Neurergus and Triturus species). We found that Triturus is a non-monophyletic species assemblage, which includes four groups that are themselves monophyletic: (i) the "Large-Bodied Triturus" (six species), (ii) the "Small-Bodied Triturus" (five species), (iii) T. alpestris and (iv) T. vittatus. We estimated that the last common ancestor of Triturus existed around 64 million years ago (mya) while the root of the Salamandridae dates back to 95 mya. This was estimated using a fossil-based molecular dating approach and an explicit framework to select calibration points that least underestimated their corresponding nodes. Using the molecular phylogeny we mapped the evolution of life history and courtship traits in Triturus and found that several Triturus-specific courtship traits evolved independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Steinfartz
- Molecular Systematics and Conservation Genetics Laboratory 21, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Espregueira Themudo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485‐661 Vairão, Portugal,
| | - J. W. Arntzen
- National Museum of Natural History, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
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Arntzen JW. From descriptive to predictive distribution models: a working example with Iberian amphibians and reptiles. Front Zool 2006; 3:8. [PMID: 16674803 PMCID: PMC1534039 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-3-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aim of the study was to identify the conditions under which spatial-environmental models can be used for the improved understanding of species distributions, under the explicit criterion of model predictive performance. I constructed distribution models for 17 amphibian and 21 reptile species in Portugal from atlas data and 13 selected ecological variables with stepwise logistic regression and a geographic information system. Models constructed for Portugal were extrapolated over Spain and tested against range maps and atlas data. Results Descriptive model precision ranged from 'fair' to 'very good' for 12 species showing a range border inside Portugal ('edge species', kappa (k) 0.35–0.89, average 0.57) and was at best 'moderate' for 26 species with a countrywide Portuguese distribution ('non-edge species', k = 0.03–0.54, average 0.29). The accuracy of the prediction for Spain was significantly related to the precision of the descriptive model for the group of edge species and not for the countrywide species. In the latter group data were consistently better captured with the single variable search-effort than by the panel of environmental data. Conclusion Atlas data in presence-absence format are often inadequate to model the distribution of species if the considered area does not include part of the range border. Conversely, distribution models for edge-species, especially those displaying high precision, may help in the correct identification of parameters underlying the species range and assist with the informed choice of conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Arntzen
- National Museum of Natural History-Naturalis, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. C. Beebee
- School of Biology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K
| | - G. Rowe
- School of Biology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K
| | - J. W. Arntzen
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, CECA/ICETA/UP, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4480 Vila do Conde, Portugal
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Babik W, Branicki W, Crnobrnja-Isailović J, Cogălniceanu D, Sas I, Olgun K, Poyarkov NA, Garcia-París M, Arntzen JW. Phylogeography of two European newt species--discordance between mtDNA and morphology. Mol Ecol 2005; 14:2475-91. [PMID: 15969729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The newts Triturus vulgaris and Triturus montandoni are sister species that exhibit contrasting levels of intraspecific morphological variation. Triturus vulgaris has a broad Eurasiatic distribution encompassing both formerly glaciated and unglaciated areas and shows substantial morphological differentiation in the southern part of its range, while T. montandoni, confined to the Carpathians, is morphologically uniform. We analysed sequence variation of two mtDNA fragments of the total length of c. 1850 bp in 285 individuals of both species collected from 103 localities. Phylogenetic analysis of 200 unique haplotypes defined 12 major clades, their age estimated at c. 4.5-1.0 million years (Myr). Most of the older clades were found in the southern part of the range, and also in central Europe, mainly in Romania. The distribution of mtDNA clades points to the existence of several glacial refugia, located in the Caucasus region, Anatolia, the Balkan Peninsula, Italy, and more to the north in central Europe. The concordance between mtDNA based phylogeny and the distribution of T. vulgaris subspecies was weak. Triturus montandoni haplotypes did not form a monophyletic group. Instead they were found in six clades, in five of them mixed with T. vulgaris haplotypes, most likely as a result of past or ongoing hybridization and multiple introgression of mtDNA from T. vulgaris to T. montandoni. Patterns of sequence variation within clades suggested long-term demographic stability in the southern groups, moderate and relatively old demographic growth in the populations inhabiting central Europe, and high growth in some of the groups that colonized northern parts of Europe after the last glacial maximum.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Babik
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Jehle R, Wilson GA, Arntzen JW, Burke T. Contemporary gene flow and the spatio-temporal genetic structure of subdivided newt populations (Triturus cristatus, T. marmoratus). J Evol Biol 2005; 18:619-28. [PMID: 15842491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gene flow and drift shape the distribution of neutral genetic diversity in metapopulations, but their local rates are difficult to quantify. To identify gene flow between demes as distinct from individual migration, we present a modified Bayesian method to genetically test for descendants between an immigrant and a resident in a nonmigratory life stage. Applied to a metapopulation of pond-breeding European newts (Triturus cristatus, T. marmoratus) in western France, the evidence for gene flow was usually asymmetric and, for demes of known census size (N), translated into maximally seven reproducing immigrants. Temporal sampling also enabled the joint estimation of the effective demic population size (Ne) and the immigration rate m (including nonreproductive individuals). Ne ranged between 4.1 and 19.3 individuals, Ne/N ranged between 0.05 and 0.65 and always decreased with N; m was estimated as 0.19-0.63, and was possibly biased upwards. We discuss how genotypic data can reveal fine-scale demographic processes with important microevolutionary implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jehle
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Sequeira F, Alexandrino J, Rocha S, Arntzen JW, Ferrand N. Genetic exchange across a hybrid zone within the Iberian endemic golden-striped salamander, Chioglossa lusitanica. Mol Ecol 2004; 14:245-54. [PMID: 15643967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study of hybrid zones resulting from Pleistocene vicariance is central in examining the potential of genetically diverged evolutionary units either to introgress and merge or to proceed with further isolation. The hybrid zone between two mitochondrial lineages of Chioglossa lusitanica is located near the Mondego River in Central Portugal. We used mitochondrial and nuclear diagnostic markers to conduct a formal statistical analysis of the Chioglossa hybrid zone in the context of tension zone theory. Key results are: (i) cline centres are not coincident for all markers, with average widths of ca. 2-15 km; (ii) heterozygote deficit was not observed across loci near the transect centre; (iii) associations of parental allele combinations ('linkage disequilibrium'R) were not detected either across loci or across the transect. These observations suggest that the Chioglossa hybrid zone is not a tension zone with strong selection against hybrids but instead one shaped mostly by neutral mixing. The patterns uncovered suggest a complex history of populations over a small scale that may be common in southern Pleistocene refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sequeira
- CIBIO/UP-Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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Arntzen JW. Classification and molecular organization of satellites elucidated by phylogenetic network analysis - examples from Triturus salamanders and Palorus beetles. Chromosoma 2002; 111:284-8. [PMID: 12424528 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-002-0201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2001] [Accepted: 06/06/2002] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A phylogenetic network of 244 satellite DNA sequences across five species of aquatic salamanders (genus Triturus) revealed four types of satellite DNAs in a 'p'-shaped 1-2*-3-4-2* arrangement. Analysis of dimer and trimer DNA sequences revealed a prevalence of homosequential (e.g. 1-1, 2-2) and particular (1-4 and 2-3) heterosequential repeat motifs. Genetic diversity across types and species phylogeny indicated that type 1 and type 4 are derived from types 2 and 3. Support was also found for alternating motifs in Palorus flour beetle tandem repeats. The results were statistically significant, whether or not the underlying satellite DNA phylogenies were robust under bootstrap analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Arntzen
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua do Monte, Crasto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
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Alexandrino J, Arntzen JW, Ferrand N. Nested clade analysis and the genetic evidence for population expansion in the phylogeography of the golden-striped salamander, Chioglossa lusitanica (Amphibia: Urodela). Heredity (Edinb) 2002; 88:66-74. [PMID: 11813109 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2001] [Accepted: 08/18/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The golden-striped salamander, Chioglossa lusitanica, is a streamside species distributed in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. We gathered cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA sequence data from samples across the species range and used nested clade distance analysis to assess evolutionary processes explaining the geographical distribution of mtDNA diversity in Chioglossa lusitanica. A significant association was observed between genetic structure and geography. The geographical patterns were explained by past fragmentation and restricted gene flow. Inferences were concordant with previous hypotheses (from allozyme data) involving an old fragmentation event and secondary contact near the Mondego River in central Portugal. A range expansion to the north from a southern refuge was supported by descriptive interpretations of mtDNA data and by complementary analyses suggesting population expansions, but not by formal nested clade analysis. The power of nested clade analysis to detect the genetic signature of range expansion deserves further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alexandrino
- Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4050 Porto, Portugal.
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Jehle R, Arntzen JW, Burke T, Krupa AP, Hödl W. The annual number of breeding adults and the effective population size of syntopic newts (Triturus cristatus,T. marmoratus). Mol Ecol 2001; 10:839-50. [PMID: 11348493 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pond-breeding amphibians are deme-structured organisms with a population genetic structure particularly susceptible to demographic threats. We estimated the effective number of breeding adults (Nb) and the effective population size (Ne) of the European urodele amphibians Triturus cristatus (the crested newt) and T. marmoratus (the marbled newt), using temporal shifts in microsatellite allele frequencies. Eight microsatellite loci isolated from a T. cristatus library were used, five of which proved polymorphic in T. marmoratus, albeit with high frequencies of null alleles at two loci. Three ponds in western France were sampled, situated 4-10 kilometers apart and inhabited by both species. Parent-offspring cohort comparisons were used to measure Nb; samples collected at time intervals of nine or 12 years, respectively, were used to measure Ne. The adult population census size (N) was determined by mark-recapture techniques. With one exception, genetic distances (FST) between temporal samples were lower than among populations. Nb ranged between 10.6 and 101.8 individuals, Ne ranged between 9.6 and 13.4 individuals. For the pond where both parameters were available, Nb/N (overall range: 0.10-0.19) was marginally larger than Ne/N (overall range: 0.09-0.16), which is reflected in the temporal stability of N. In line with the observed differences in reproductive life-histories between the species, Nb/N ratios for newts were about one order of magnitude higher than for the anuran amphibian Bufo bufo. Despite of the colonization of the study area by T. cristatus only some decades ago, no significant genetic bottleneck could be detected. Our findings give rise to concerns about the long-term demographic viability of amphibian populations in situations typical for European landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jehle
- Institute of Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Alexandrino J, Froufe E, Arntzen JW, Ferrand N. Genetic subdivision, glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization in the golden-striped salamander, Chioglossa lusitanica (Amphibia: urodela). Mol Ecol 2000; 9:771-81. [PMID: 10849293 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The golden-striped salamander (Chioglossa lusitanica) is an ecologically specialized species, endemic to north-western Iberia. Patterns of genetic variation were assessed at seven polymorphic enzyme loci and one mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker (cytochrome b) in 17 populations across its range. Estimates of enzyme genetic diversity revealed a high degree of genetic subdivision (FST = 0.68), mainly attributable to the existence of two groups of populations. The groups were located, respectively, north and south of the Mondego River, indicating that this river coincided with a major historical barrier to gene flow. A significant decrease in genetic variability from the Mondego northwards was associated with the Douro and Minho rivers. mtDNA sequence variation revealed a congruent pattern of two haplotype groups (d = 2.2%), with a geographical distribution resembling that of allozymes. The pattern and depth of genetic variation is consistent with the following hypotheses: (i) subdivision of an ancestral range of the species prior to the middle Pleistocene; (ii) secondary contact between populations representing historical refugia; (iii) relatively recent range expansion giving rise to the northern part of the species range; and (iv) loss of genetic variation through founder effects during range expansion across major rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alexandrino
- Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4050 Porto, Portugal.
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Tarkhnishvili DN, Thorpe RS, Arntzen JW. Pre-pleistocene refugia and differentiation between populations of the caucasian salamander (Mertensiella caucasica). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2000; 14:414-22. [PMID: 10712846 DOI: 10.1006/mpev.1999.0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 350-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene was sequenced in the Caucasian salamander, Mertensiella caucasica, representing 10 populations from across its range along the Black Sea coast. Five haplotypes were discovered among 65 fragments analyzed, differing at 2-50 positions. The highest differentiation between haplotypes was observed in animals from the eastern part of the species' range (Borjomi) compared to those from the remainder of the species' range. Randomly amplified nuclear DNA revealed a pattern of spatial genetic variation similar to that of the mitochondrial genome. M. caucasica, as currently known, represents two evolutionary lineages that evolved independently, perhaps since the lower Pliocene. These lineages represent taxa, possibly to be described as species, distributed in the Borjomi area in central Georgia and in southwestern Georgia and northeastern Turkey. The multivariate analysis of morphological data did not reveal significant differences between the taxa. However, substantial morphological differentiation was observed within both lineages, showing parallel patterns in body proportions and coloration patterns. This variation is possibly associated with extant ecological conditions. Salamanders with reduced pigmentation from southwestern Georgia were not genetically distinguishable from neighboring populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Tarkhnishvili
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Brambell Building, Bangor, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
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Zajc I, Arntzen JW. Evolutionary relationships among Europan newts (genus Triturus) as inferred from two mtDNA fragments. Pflugers Arch 2000; 439:R21-2. [PMID: 10653129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
European newts (genus Triturus) are widely studied, but their phylogeny is not yet unambiguously resolved. Fragments of mitochondrial DNA experiencing different rates of evolution (the ATPase and 12S rDNA genes) were sequenced in order to test a phylogenetic hypothesis derived from biochemical and behavioural data. Well supported branches of the existing phylogeny also gained support in our study. Within the subgenus Palaeotriton (the group of small-bodied newts) the monophyletic origin of the hypothesized T. boscai-T. italicus clade remained ambiguous, whereas strong support was gained for the sister-taxon relationship of T. vulgaris and T. montandoni. The position of T. vittatus within the subgenus Triturus as a sister taxon to the clade of big-bodied newts (T. marmoratus and T. cristatus superspecies) was also supported. However, the phylogenetic position of the medium-sized newt, T. alpestris could not be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zajc
- National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Arntzen JW, Smithson A, Oldham RS. Marking and Tissue Sampling Effects on Body Condition and Survival in the Newt Triturus cristatus. J HERPETOL 1999. [DOI: 10.2307/1565573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Alexandrino J, Ferrand N, Arntzen JW. Genetic variation in some populations of the golden-striped salamander, Chioglossa lusitanica (Amphibia: Urodela), in Portugal. Biochem Genet 1997; 35:371-81. [PMID: 9559094 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022281616801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation in the golden-striped salamander (Chioglossa lusitanica) was assessed in 231 individuals from four Portuguese populations by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Three of 19 enzyme systems, representing 21 presumptive loci, were found to be polymorphic: phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1), peptidase B (PEPB), and peptidase D (PEPD). The observed average heterozygosity in Chioglossa lusitanica (0.027) is significantly lower than that observed for other amphibians, either urodeles or salamandrids. Differences in allele frequencies and the presence of private alleles are indicative of a high degree of population differentiation. PEPD, in particular, seems to be a diagnostic locus separating the southernmost population studied from the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alexandrino
- Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Portugal
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Abstract
Estimates of the effective number of breeding adults were derived for three semi-isolated populations of the common toad Bufo bufo based on temporal (i.e. adult-progeny) variance in allele frequency for three highly polymorphic minisatellite loci. Estimates of spatial variance in allele frequency among populations and of age-specific measures of genetic variability are also described. Each population was characterized by a low effective adult breeding number (Nb) based on a large age-specific variance in minisatellite allele frequency. Estimates of Nb (range 21-46 for population means across three loci) were approximately 55-230-fold lower than estimates of total adult census size. The implications of low effective breeding numbers for long-term maintenance of genetic variability and population viability are discussed relative to the species' reproductive ecology, current land-use practices, and present and historical habitat modification and loss. The utility of indirect measures of population parameters such as Nb and Ne based on time-series data of minisatellite allele frequencies is discussed relative to similar measures estimated from commonly used genetic markers such as protein allozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Scribner
- Department of Zoology, University of Leicester, UK.
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Scribner KT, Arntzen JW, Burke T. Comparative analysis of intra- and interpopulation genetic diversity in Bufo bufo, using allozyme, single-locus microsatellite, minisatellite, and multilocus minisatellite data. Mol Biol Evol 1994; 11:737-48. [PMID: 7968487 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimates of genetic diversity within, and of variation among, semi-isolated populations of the common toad (Bufo bufo) were derived and compared across four classes of nuclear genetic markers, including allozymes, microsatellites, and single and multilocus minisatellites. Estimates of multilocus heterozygosity and the number of alleles per locus derived from allozymes were lower than for each class of variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers. The degree of interpopulation genetic divergence as determined by genetic distance was generally concordant across all markers, although interpopulation variance in allozyme allele frequency (as measure by F-statistics) was greater than that documented for each VNTR locus. For both classes of VNTR loci, migration appeared to have less influence than mutation on the extent of interpopulation divergence. Analyses suggest that singly and multiply detected VNTR loci may be highly informative for population-level analyses addressing questions concerning population subdivision and breeding structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Scribner
- Department of Zoology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
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Abstract
A morphologically distinct cavernicolous salamander Proteus anguinus from southeastern Slovenia (Bela Krajina) is described as P. a. parkelj ssp. n. It differs from P. a. anguinus in a dark pigmentation, fully developed eyes, a skull with broader and shorter bones and fewer teeth, a voluminous jaw musculature that gives the head a bulky appearance, a proportionally longer trunk with a higher number of vertebrae, shorter extremities, and a shorter tail. Most of these traits are considered to be plesiomorphic character states. An allozyme analysis over 40 loci has shown the new dark pigmented taxon to be genetically similar to a white and troglomorphic neighbouring population from Stična (DNei = 0.23). Both populations in turn are genetically dissimilar to a geographically more distant population from Postojna (D Nei = 0.49). The observed level of genetic differentiation suggests that western and southeastern Slovenian populations form separate lineages since the uppermost Miocene but conservatively hitherto only a single species is recognised. The new taxon is only known from a small area and may be rare. P. a. parkelj, now under strict legal protection, is threatened by industrial pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Sket
- 1 Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Večna pot 111 P.O. Box 486/492, 61000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - J. W. Arntzen
- 2 Binnen Oranjestraat 10 1013 JA Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Arntzen JW, Wallis GP. Restricted Gene Flow in a Moving Hybrid Zone of the Newts Triturus cristatus and T. marmoratus in Western France. Evolution 1991. [DOI: 10.2307/2409691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Macgregor HC, Sessions SK, Arntzen JW. An integrative analysis of phylogenetic relationships among newts of the genus Triturus (family Salamandridae), using comparative biochemistry, cytogenetics and reproductive interactions. J Evol Biol 1990. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1990.3050329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Francillon-Vieillot H, Arntzen JW, Geraudie J. Age, Growth and Longevity of Sympatric Triturus cristatus, T. marmoratus and Their Hybrids (Amphibia, Urodela): A Skeletochronological Comparison. J HERPETOL 1990. [DOI: 10.2307/1564284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wallis GP, Arntzen JW. Mitochondrial-DNA Variation in the Crested Newt Superspecies: Limited Cytoplasmic Gene flow Among Species. Evolution 1989. [DOI: 10.2307/2409166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Boomsma JJ, Arntzen JW. Abundance, Growth and Feeding of Natterjack Toads (Bufo calamita) In a 4-Year-Old Artificial Habitat. J Appl Ecol 1985. [DOI: 10.2307/2403172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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