[Scapholunate instability. Diagnosis--classification--treatment]

Scapholunate instability is more or less caused by injury. The ligament instability between lunate and scaphoid is not easily to be identified even there is only a little widening of this space between both bones. The instability may be proved by physical examination, by x-ray and by arthroscopy. The scapholunate instability may occur in a different manner. It is divided in three stages. In stage I a none operative treatment is sufficient. For the other stages an operative treatment is necessary: The operative treatment begins with suture of the ligament, continues with ligamentoplasty and ends with intracarpal fusions. At least a total arthrodesis of the wrist is necessary.

Spectral analysis of the abnormal theta rhythm in the EEG of young children

The abnormal theta rhythm of the EEG of early childhood was investigated by spectral analysis. The pattern in the power spectrum is characterized by a peak in the thetaband. The relative peak intensity (peak ratio = ratio of peak intensity and average intensity of the spectrum within the frequency range of 0--10 Hz) as well as the right-left coherence proved to be good criteria for the description of the abnormal theta rhythms. When the ratio q greater than or equal to 2.0 and the coherence Coh greater than or equal to 0.7 an abnormal theta rhythm can be considered to be present. When this definition is applied, a high correspondence between the mathematical and visual evaluation of the EEG is present. The abnormal theta rhythm must be regarded as a symptom of a functional anomaly which is -- under electroencephalographic aspects -- characterized by generators acting in abnormal synchronism and monofrequency.