Supercapacitor Electrodes from the in Situ Reaction between Two-Dimensional Sheets of Black Phosphorus and Graphene Oxide.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018;
10:10330-10338. [PMID:
29504393 DOI:
10.1021/acsami.7b18853]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials show considerable promise as high surface area electrodes for energy-storage applications such as supercapacitors. A single sheet of graphene possesses a large specific surface area because of its atomically thin thickness. However, to package this area efficiently in a device, it must be confined within a finite three-dimensional volume without restacking of the sheet faces. Herein, we present a method of maintaining the high surface area through the use of a hybrid thin film in which few-layer-exfoliated black phosphorus (BP) reduces graphene oxide (GO) flakes. When the film is exposed to moisture, a redox reaction between the BP and the GO forms an interpenetrating network of reduced GO (RGO) and a liquid electrolyte of intermediate phosphorus acids H xPO y. The presence of the liquid H xPO y electrolyte in the RGO/H xPO y film stabilizes and preserves an open-channel structure enabling rapid ion diffusion, leading to an excellent charging rate capability (up to 500 mV s-1 and retaining 62.3% of initial capacitance at a large current density of 50 A g-1) when used as electrodes in supercapacitors.
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