Acidic ionic liquid supported on silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles as a green catalyst for one-pot diazotization–halogenation of the aromatic amines

Acidic ionic liquid was immobilized on silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@SILnP) and used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the diazotization–iodination reaction of different aromatic amines under solvent-free conditions at room temperature.

Recent advances in electrochemical sensors and biosensors for monitoring drugs and metabolites in pharmaceutical and biological samples

Various applications of electrochemical sensors and biosensors have been reported in many fields. These include pharmaceuticals, drug detection, cancer detection, and analysis of toxic elements in tap water. Electrochemical sensors are characterised by their low cost, ease of manufacture, rapid analysis, small size and ability to detect multiple elements simultaneously. They also allow the reaction mechanisms of analytes, such as drugs, to be taken into account, giving a first indication of their fate in the body or their pharmaceutical preparation. Several materials are used in the construction of sensors, such as graphene, fullerene, carbon nanotubes, carbon graphite, glassy carbon, carbon clay, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and metals. This review covers the most recent progress in electrochemical sensors used to analyze drugs and metabolites in pharmaceutical and biological samples. We have highlighted carbon paste electrodes (CPE), glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) and reduced graphene oxide electrodes (rGOE). The sensitivity and analysis speed of electrochemical sensors can be improved by modifying them with conductive materials. Different materials used for modification have been reported and demonstrated, such as molecularly imprinted polymers, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, fullerene (C60), iron(III) nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄NP), and CuO micro-fragments (CuO MF). Manufacturing strategies and the detection limit of each sensor have been reported.

Electroanalytical analysis of phenol oxidation using bacteria immobilized by a polycaprolactone coating on the copper electrode surface

The copper electrode modified by bacteria immobilised by a polycaprolactone film was successfully developed by electropolymerisation for the purpose of determining the presence of phenol. Electrochemical techniques such as square-wave voltammetry (SWV), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the electrochemical properties of the Cu-polymer/bacteria electrode. The results show that the intensity of the phenol oxidation peak increases with concentration, allowing us to obtain good analytical results with DL of 2.156 × 10-7 M and QL which is 7.2 × 10-7 M , confirming that the biosensor has excellent electroanalytical activity for phenol oxidation, with good stability and a wide linear range. Our electrode is based on a easily available and inexpensive material, as well as on its simple preparation, which has demonstrated high performance for phenol.

Recent research landscape on chitosan-mineral-based composites for wastewater treatment: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis (2014-2024)

Chitosan-mineral composites are emerging as potential adsorbent materials for wastewater treatment because they are eco-friendly, cost-effective, and versatile for removing contaminants like heavy metals and dyes. Their rapid development in research requires a systematic analysis of research gaps, trends, and contributions at a global level to guide future innovations. This bibliometric study investigates and analyzes 1690 documents retrieved from the Web of Science published between 2014 and 2024, focusing on chitosan-mineral composites for wastewater treatment. We used Bibliometrix (R package), HistCite, and VOSviewer tools to examine publication trends, authorship, collaborations between countries, and networks of keywords. Key parameters included an important annual growth rate of 16.86%, 32.12 average citations per document, and contributions from 480 sources. The field has grown exponentially since 2018, with China, India, and Iran leading the research output. High citation rates (avg. 32.12 per document) reflect a strong academic impact, while 26.78% international collaboration underscores global engagement. As such, the analysis of keywords present in these papers found predominant themes that have driven research, namely adsorption mechanisms and composite functionalization (i.e., magnetic hybrids). Novel trends involve clay-chitosan synergies and nano-reinforced composites for pollutant-specific removal.