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Ryan RM, Connell JP. Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. J Pers Soc Psychol 1989; 57:749-61. [PMID: 2810024 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1266] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Theories of internalization typically suggest that self-perceptions of the "causes" of (i.e. reasons for) behavior are differentiated along a continuum of autonomy that contains identifiable gradations. A model of perceived locus of causality (PLOC) is developed, using children's self-reported reasons for acting. In Project 1, external, introjected, identified, and intrinsic types of reasons for achievement-related behaviors are shown to conform to a simplex-like (ordered correlation) structure in four samples. These reason categories are then related to existing measures of PLOC and to motivation. A second project examines 3 reason categories (external, introject, and identification) within the domain of prosocial behavior. Relations with measures of empathy, moral judgement and positive interpersonal relatedness are presented. Finally, the proposed model and conceptualization of PLOC are discussed with regard to intrapersonal versus interpersonal perception, internalization, cause-reason distinctions, and the significance of perceived autonomy in human behavior.
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1266 |
2
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991 |
3
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Skinner EA, Wellborn JG, Connell JP. What it takes to do well in school and whether I've got it: A process model of perceived control and children's engagement and achievement in school. JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35 |
411 |
4
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Ryan RM, Connell JP. Perceived locus of causality and internalization: examining reasons for acting in two domains. J Pers Soc Psychol 1989. [PMID: 2810024 DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.57.5.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Theories of internalization typically suggest that self-perceptions of the "causes" of (i.e. reasons for) behavior are differentiated along a continuum of autonomy that contains identifiable gradations. A model of perceived locus of causality (PLOC) is developed, using children's self-reported reasons for acting. In Project 1, external, introjected, identified, and intrinsic types of reasons for achievement-related behaviors are shown to conform to a simplex-like (ordered correlation) structure in four samples. These reason categories are then related to existing measures of PLOC and to motivation. A second project examines 3 reason categories (external, introject, and identification) within the domain of prosocial behavior. Relations with measures of empathy, moral judgement and positive interpersonal relatedness are presented. Finally, the proposed model and conceptualization of PLOC are discussed with regard to intrapersonal versus interpersonal perception, internalization, cause-reason distinctions, and the significance of perceived autonomy in human behavior.
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36 |
338 |
5
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Barkham M, Margison F, Leach C, Lucock M, Mellor-Clark J, Evans C, Benson L, Connell J, Audin K, McGrath G. Service profiling and outcomes benchmarking using the CORE-OM: toward practice-based evidence in the psychological therapies. Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measures. J Consult Clin Psychol 2001; 69:184-96. [PMID: 11393596 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.69.2.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To complement the evidence-based practice paradigm, the authors argued for a core outcome measure to provide practice-based evidence for the psychological therapies. Utility requires instruments that are acceptable scientifically, as well as to service users, and a coordinated implementation of the measure at a national level. The development of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) is summarized. Data are presented across 39 secondary-care services (n = 2,710) and within an intensively evaluated single service (n = 1,455). Results suggest that the CORE-OM is a valid and reliable measure for multiple settings and is acceptable to users and clinicians as well as policy makers. Baseline data levels of patient presenting problem severity, including risk, are reported in addition to outcome benchmarks that use the concept of reliable and clinically significant change. Basic quality improvement in outcomes for a single service is considered.
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24 |
274 |
6
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Klem AM, Connell JP. Relationships matter: linking teacher support to student engagement and achievement. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2004; 74:262-273. [PMID: 15493703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2004.tb08283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Comparative Study |
21 |
271 |
7
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Margison FR, Barkham M, Evans C, McGrath G, Clark JM, Audin K, Connell J. Measurement and psychotherapy. Evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence. Br J Psychiatry 2000; 177:123-30. [PMID: 11026951 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.177.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement is the foundation of evidence-based practice. Advances in measurement procedures should extend to psychotherapy practice. AIMS To review the developments in measurement relevant to psychotherapy. METHOD Domains reviewed are: (a) interventions; (b) case formulation; (c) treatment integrity; (d) performance (including adherence, competence and skillfulness); (e) treatment definitions; (f) therapeutic alliance; and (g) routine outcome measurement. RESULTS Modern methods of measurement can support 'evidence-based practice' for psychological treatments. They also support 'practice-based evidence', a complementary paradigm to improve clinical effectiveness in routine practice via the infrastructure of Practice Research Networks (PRNs). CONCLUSIONS Advances in measurement derived from psychotherapy research support a model of professional self-management (practice-based evidence) which is widely applicable in psychiatry and medicine.
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25 |
219 |
8
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40 |
203 |
9
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Skinner EA, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Connell JP, Eccles JS, Wellborn JG. Individual Differences and the Development of Perceived Control. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 1998. [DOI: 10.2307/1166220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27 |
200 |
10
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Grolnick WS, Bridges LJ, Connell JP. Emotion Regulation in Two-Year-Olds: Strategies and Emotional Expression in Four Contexts. Child Dev 1996. [DOI: 10.2307/1131871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29 |
181 |
11
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Reid E, Connell J, Edwards TL, Duley S, Brown SE, Sanderson CM. The hereditary spastic paraplegia protein spastin interacts with the ESCRT-III complex-associated endosomal protein CHMP1B. Hum Mol Genet 2004; 14:19-38. [PMID: 15537668 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure hereditary spastic paraplegia is characterized by length-dependent degeneration of the distal ends of long axons. Mutations in spastin are the most common cause of the condition. We set out to investigate the function of spastin using a yeast two-hybrid approach to identify interacting proteins. Using full-length spastin as bait, we identified CHMP1B, a protein associated with the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport)-III complex, as a binding partner. Several different approaches confirmed the physiological relevance of the interaction in mammalian cells. Epitope-tagged CHMP1B and spastin showed clear cytoplasmic co-localization in Cos-7 and PC12 cells. CHMP1B and spastin interacted specifically in vitro and in vivo in beta-lactamase protein fragment complementation assays, and spastin co-immunoprecipitated with CHMP1B. The interaction was mediated by a region of spastin lying between residues 80 and 196 and containing a microtubule interacting and trafficking domain. Expression of epitope-tagged CHMP1B in mammalian cells prevented the development of the abnormal microtubule phenotype associated with expression of ATPase-defective spastin. These data point to a role for spastin in intracellular membrane traffic events and provide further evidence to support the emerging recognition that defects in intracellular membrane traffic are a significant cause of motor neuron pathology.
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12
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Souders MC, Zavodny S, Eriksen W, Sinko R, Connell J, Kerns C, Schaaf R, Pinto-Martin J. Sleep in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19:34. [PMID: 28502070 PMCID: PMC5846201 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this paper are to provide an overview of the state of the science of sleep in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), present hypotheses for the high prevalence of insomnia in children with ASD, and present a practice pathway for promoting optimal sleep. Approximately two thirds of children with ASD have chronic insomnia, and to date, the strongest evidence on promoting sleep is for sleep education, environmental changes, behavioral interventions, and exogenous melatonin. The Sleep Committee of the Autism Treatment Network (ATN) developed a practice pathway, based on expert consensus, to capture best practices for screening, identification, and treatment for sleep problems in ASD in 2012. An exemplar case is presented to integrate key constructs of the practice pathway and address arousal and sensory dysregulation in a child with ASD and anxiety disorder. This paper concludes with next steps for dissemination of the practice pathway and future directions for research of sleep problems in ASD.
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Review |
8 |
134 |
13
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Montenegro G, Rebelo AP, Connell J, Allison R, Babalini C, D'Aloia M, Montieri P, Schüle R, Ishiura H, Price J, Strickland A, Gonzalez MA, Baumbach-Reardon L, Deconinck T, Huang J, Bernardi G, Vance JM, Rogers MT, Tsuji S, De Jonghe P, Pericak-Vance MA, Schöls L, Orlacchio A, Reid E, Züchner S. Mutations in the ER-shaping protein reticulon 2 cause the axon-degenerative disorder hereditary spastic paraplegia type 12. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:538-44. [PMID: 22232211 DOI: 10.1172/jci60560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative conditions. They are characterized by progressive spastic paralysis of the legs as a result of selective, length-dependent degeneration of the axons of the corticospinal tract. Mutations in 3 genes encoding proteins that work together to shape the ER into sheets and tubules - receptor accessory protein 1 (REEP1), atlastin-1 (ATL1), and spastin (SPAST) - have been found to underlie many cases of HSP in Northern Europe and North America. Applying Sanger and exome sequencing, we have now identified 3 mutations in reticulon 2 (RTN2), which encodes a member of the reticulon family of prototypic ER-shaping proteins, in families with spastic paraplegia 12 (SPG12). These autosomal dominant mutations included a complete deletion of RTN2 and a frameshift mutation predicted to produce a highly truncated protein. Wild-type reticulon 2, but not the truncated protein potentially encoded by the frameshift allele, localized to the ER. RTN2 interacted with spastin, and this interaction required a hydrophobic region in spastin that is involved in ER localization and that is predicted to form a curvature-inducing/sensing hairpin loop domain. Our results directly implicate a reticulon protein in axonopathy, show that this protein participates in a network of interactions among HSP proteins involved in ER shaping, and further support the hypothesis that abnormal ER morphogenesis is a pathogenic mechanism in HSP.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
13 |
123 |
14
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Gunson RN, Shouval D, Roggendorf M, Zaaijer H, Nicholas H, Holzmann H, de Schryver A, Reynders D, Connell J, Gerlich WH, Marinho RT, Tsantoulas D, Rigopoulou E, Rosenheim M, Valla D, Puro V, Struwe J, Tedder R, Aitken C, Alter M, Schalm SW, Carman WF. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in health care workers (HCWs): guidelines for prevention of transmission of HBV and HCV from HCW to patients. J Clin Virol 2003; 27:213-30. [PMID: 12878084 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(03)00087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of viral hepatitis from health care workers (HCW) to patients is of worldwide concern. Since the introduction of serologic testing in the 1970s there have been over 45 reports of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission from HCW to patients, which have resulted in more than 400 infected patients. In addition there are six published reports of transmissions of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from HCW to patients resulting in the infection of 14 patients. Additional HCV cases are known of in the US and UK, but unpublished. At present the guidelines for preventing HCW to patient transmission of viral hepatitis vary greatly between countries. It was our aim to reach a Europe-wide consensus on this issue. In order to do this, experts in blood-borne infection, from 16 countries, were questioned on their national protocols. The replies given by participating countries formed the basis of a discussion document. This paper was then discussed at a meeting with each of the participating countries in order to reach a Europe-wide consensus on the identification of infected HCWs, protection of susceptible HCWs, management and treatment options for the infected HCW. The results of that process are discussed and recommendations formed. The guidelines produced aim to reduce the risk of transmission from infected HCWs to patients. The document is designed to complement existing guidelines or form the basis for the development of new guidelines. This guidance is applicable to all HCWs who perform EPP, whether newly appointed or already in post.
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Guideline |
22 |
114 |
15
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Patrick BC, Skinner EA, Connell JP. What motivates children's behavior and emotion? Joint effects of perceived control and autonomy in the academic domain. J Pers Soc Psychol 1993; 65:781-91. [PMID: 8229650 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the contribution of perceived control and autonomy to children's self-reported behavior and emotion in the classroom (N = 246 children ages 8-10 years). Multiple regression analyses revealed unique effects of autonomy over and above the strong effects of perceived control. In addition, both sets of perceptions (and their interaction) were found to distinguish children who were active but emotionally disaffected from those who were active and emotionally positive. Specific predictions were also tested regarding the effects of (a) control attributions to 5 causes and (b) 4 reasons for task involvement that differed in degree of autonomy on children's active (vs. passive) behavior and 4 kinds of emotions: boredom, distress, anger, and positive emotions. Implications of the findings for theories of children's motivation are discussed, as well as for diagnostic strategies to identify children at risk for motivational problems
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32 |
106 |
16
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Heyman P, Ceianu CS, Christova I, Tordo N, Beersma M, João Alves M, Lundkvist Å, Hukic M, Papa A, Tenorio A, Zelená H, Eßbauer S, Visontai I, Golovljova I, Connell J, Nicoletti L, Van Esbroeck M, Gjeruldsen Dudman S, Aberle SW, Avšić-Županc T, Korukluoglu G, Nowakowska A, Klempa B, Ulrich RG, Bino S, Engler O, Opp M, Vaheri A. A five-year perspective on the situation of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and status of the hantavirus reservoirs in Europe, 2005-2010. Euro Surveill 2011; 16. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.36.19961-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus infections are reported from many countries in Europe and with highly variable annual case numbers. In 2010, more than 2,000 human cases were reported in Germany, and numbers above the baseline have also been registered in other European countries. Depending on the virus type human infections are characterised by mild to severe forms of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The member laboratories of the European Network for diagnostics of Imported Viral Diseases present here an overview of the progression of human cases in the period from 2005 to 2010. Further we provide an update on the available diagnostic methods and endemic regions in their countries, with an emphasis on occurring virus types and reservoirs.
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98 |
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Connell J, Oozeer R, de Vries L, Dubowitz LM, Dubowitz V. Clinical and EEG response to anticonvulsants in neonatal seizures. Arch Dis Child 1989; 64:459-64. [PMID: 2730114 PMCID: PMC1592048 DOI: 10.1136/adc.64.4_spec_no.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
During a two year period prospective continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring of 275 infants identified seizure activity in 55 cases, 31 of whom were treated with anticonvulsant drugs on clinical grounds. EEG and clinical response was complete in only two and equivocal in another six. Clinical response with persistent EEG seizures occurred in 13 and neither clinical nor EEG response in 10. There was no significant improvement in the generally poor neurological outcome compared with that in 24 infants whose seizures were not treated because of limited or absent clinical manifestations. Background EEG abnormality (as an index of associated cerebral dysfunction) was a guide to potential lack of response to anticonvulsant drugs; it was also predictive of subsequent clinical outcome irrespective of treatment. This study shows that commonly used anticonvulsant drugs (phenobarbitone, paraldehyde, phenytoin, and diazepam) have little effect on seizure control or neurological outcome in neonatal seizures associated with haemorrhagic, hypoxic, or ischaemic cerebral lesions. In view of the variable clinical appearance of EEG seizure activity, continuous EEG monitoring should be an essential feature of further study of neonatal anticonvulsant treatment.
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research-article |
36 |
79 |
18
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Anderton BH, Betts J, Blackstock WP, Brion JP, Chapman S, Connell J, Dayanandan R, Gallo JM, Gibb G, Hanger DP, Hutton M, Kardalinou E, Leroy K, Lovestone S, Mack T, Reynolds CH, Van Slegtenhorst M. Sites of phosphorylation in tau and factors affecting their regulation. BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM 2002:73-80. [PMID: 11447841 DOI: 10.1042/bss0670073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein, tau, is the principal component of paired helical filaments (PHFs) in Alzheimer's disease. PHF-tau is highly phosphorylated and a total of 25 sites of phosphorylation have so far been identified. Many of these sites are serine or threonine residues that are immediately followed in the sequence by proline residues, and hence are candidate phosphorylation sites for proline-directed kinases. In vitro, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), extracellular signal-related kinase-1 and -2, and mitogen-activated protein kinases, p38 kinase and c-jun N-terminal kinase, all phosphorylate many of these sites, although with different efficiencies for particular sites. Phosphorylation studies in transfected cells and neurons show that GSK-3 phosphorylates tau more extensively than do these other proline-directed kinases. Mutations in tau have been shown to affect in vitro phosphorylation of tau by GSK-3. The Arg406-->Trp (R406W) tau mutation also affects tau phosphorylation in cells.
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23 |
73 |
19
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Pierson LH, Connell JP. Effect of grade retention on self-system processes, school engagement, and academic performance. JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 1992. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33 |
73 |
20
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Connell J, Oozeer R, de Vries L, Dubowitz LM, Dubowitz V. Continuous EEG monitoring of neonatal seizures: diagnostic and prognostic considerations. Arch Dis Child 1989; 64:452-8. [PMID: 2730113 PMCID: PMC1592045 DOI: 10.1136/adc.64.4_spec_no.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We recruited 275 full term and preterm infants into a prospective evaluation of continuous four channel electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring in the diagnosis and prognosis of neonatal seizures. EEG seizure activity was found in 55 infants; clinical signs were completely simultaneous in only 12 of these, they were present but limited in another 20, and were completely absent in the remaining 23. EEG seizure activity, with or without clinical signs, were equally associated with serious cerebral lesions and with adverse clinical outcome. The four channel EEG recording provided sufficient data on abnormality to be prognostically specific in 79% of the 43 infants who either died or had serious neurological impairment.
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research-article |
36 |
71 |
21
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Brand E, Chatelain N, Keavney B, Caulfield M, Citterio L, Connell J, Grobbee D, Schmidt S, Schunkert H, Schuster H, Sharma AM, Soubrier F. Evaluation of the angiotensinogen locus in human essential hypertension: a European study. Hypertension 1998; 31:725-9. [PMID: 9495253 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.31.3.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Different family and case-control studies support genetic linkage and association at the human angiotensinogen (AGT) locus with essential hypertension. To extend these previous observations, a European collaborative study of nine centers was set up to create a large resource of affected sibling pairs. The AGT locus was studied using a highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in the 3'-flanking region of the gene in 350 European families, comprising 630 affected sibling pairs. Statistical analyses using two different methods did not show any evidence for linkage either in the whole panel or in family subsets selected for severity or early onset of disease. Although several arguments from association studies suggest a role of the AGT gene in essential hypertension, this large family study did not replicate the initial linkage reported in smaller studies. Our results highlight the difficulty of identifying susceptibility genes by linkage analysis in complex diseases.
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Multicenter Study |
27 |
66 |
22
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Petolino JF, Worden A, Curlee K, Connell J, Strange Moynahan TL, Larsen C, Russell S. Zinc finger nuclease-mediated transgene deletion. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 73:617-28. [PMID: 20454835 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A transgene, flanked by zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) cleavage sites, was deleted from a stably transformed plant by crossing it with a second plant expressing a corresponding ZFN gene. A target construct, containing a GUS reporter gene flanked by ZFN cleavage sites, a GFP reporter gene and a PAT selectable marker gene, was transformed into tobacco. Basta-resistant plants were regenerated and screened for GUS and GFP expression. A second construct, containing a ZFN gene driven by the constitutive CsVMV promoter and an HPT selectable marker gene, was also transformed into tobacco. Selected T(0) plants were grown to maturity and allowed to self-pollinate. Homozygous target plants, which expressed GUS and GFP, were crossed with homozygous ZFN plants, which expressed the ZFN gene. Numerous GUS-negative plants were observed among the hybrids with one particular cross displaying approximately 35% GUS-negative plants. Evidence for complete deletion of a 4.3 kb sequence comprising the GUS gene was obtained and sequence confirmed. Co-segregation in F(2) progenies of 'truncated' and 'intact' target sequences with expected reporter gene phenotypes were observed. Since ZFNs can be designed to bind and cleave a wide range of DNA sequences, these results constitute a general strategy for creating targeted gene deletions.
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15 |
63 |
23
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Marsh LE, Huntley CC, Pogue GP, Connell JP, Hall TC. Regulation of (+):(-)-strand asymmetry in replication of brome mosaic virus RNA. Virology 1991; 182:76-83. [PMID: 2024481 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Transfection of barley protoplasts with brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNAs 1 + 2 in the absence of RNA-3 yielded a molar ratio for (+):(-)-strand progeny at 24 hr postinoculation near unity, whereas over 100-fold more (+)- than (-)-strand progeny accumulated in its presence. The presence of RNA-3 enhanced total (+)-strand RNA production 205-fold and that of RNAs 1 + 2 by 29-fold. In contrast, total (-)-strand RNA accumulation decreased by 68% and that for (-)RNAs 1 + 2 by 79% in the presence of RNA-3. Transfections containing an RNA-3 mutant (Gsgi----U RNA-3) that is incapable of yielding RNA-4 as a result of a single nucleotide substitution at the subgenomic RNA initiation site yielded only 66% of the (+):(-) asymmetry seen in the presence of wild-type RNA-3. Only 1.8-fold excess of (+)-over (-)-strand production was obtained for transfections that included delta SGP RNA-3, a deletion that includes the subgenomic promoter core and extends 43 nt into the RNA-4 sequence. Transfections containing RNA-3 mutants bearing frameshifts or deletions in the coat protein cistron yielded levels of asymmetry similar to those seen for Gsgi----U RNA-3. These findings implicate the subgenomic promoter and other sequences in the intercistronic region of RNA-3 as the primary determinants of asymmetric replication, although the coat protein may be an additional factor enhancing the accumulation of (+)-strand RNA.
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34 |
59 |
24
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Stevens JC, Webb HD, Hutchinson J, Connell J, Smith MF, Buffin JT. Click evoked otoacoustic emissions in neonatal screening. Ear Hear 1990; 11:128-33. [PMID: 2340966 DOI: 10.1097/00003446-199004000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Seven hundred and twenty-three neonates under intensive care have been tested by evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE) and the auditory brain stem response (ABR) to investigate the use of EOAE as a test for hearing impairment. Three hundred and thirty-one have had follow-up tests to the age of at least 2 years. The EOAE test has been found to be practical and quick to perform. The proportion of NICU infants producing a recordable EOAE is 80%, and the sensitivity and selectivity to the ABR result in the period up to 3 months post due date is 93 and 84%, respectively. These figures are high enough and the reduction in time compared to ABR is sufficient for the EOAE to be considered as the primary screen. The follow-up data show mixed results with both false positives and false negatives present. The incidence of severe hearing impairment is close to that expected from retrospective studies at 2 in 331 (1 bilateral, 1 unilateral). Firm conclusions on the sensitivity of EOAE to long-term hearing impairment await the results from larger numbers of infants and further follow up data.
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35 |
53 |
25
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de Vries LS, Connell J, Bydder GM, Dubowitz LM, Rodeck CH, Mibashan RS, Waters AH. Recurrent intracranial haemorrhages in utero in an infant with alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Case report. BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1988; 95:299-302. [PMID: 3285884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Case Reports |
37 |
49 |