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Radlicka-Borysewska A, Jabłońska J, Lenarczyk M, Szumiec Ł, Harda Z, Bagińska M, Barut J, Pera J, Kreiner G, Wójcik DK, Rodriguez Parkitna J. Non-motor symptoms associated with progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1375265. [PMID: 38745938 PMCID: PMC11091341 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1375265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by three main motor symptoms: bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor. PD is also associated with diverse non-motor symptoms that may develop in parallel or precede motor dysfunctions, ranging from autonomic system dysfunctions and impaired sensory perception to cognitive deficits and depression. Here, we examine the role of the progressive loss of dopaminergic transmission in behaviors related to the non-motor symptoms of PD in a mouse model of the disease (the TIF-IADATCreERT2 strain). We found that in the period from 5 to 12 weeks after the induction of a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons, mild motor symptoms became detectable, including changes in the distance between paws while standing as well as the swing speed and step sequence. Male mutant mice showed no apparent changes in olfactory acuity, no anhedonia-like behaviors, and normal learning in an instrumental task; however, a pronounced increase in the number of operant responses performed was noted. Similarly, female mice with progressive dopaminergic neuron degeneration showed normal learning in the probabilistic reversal learning task and no loss of sweet-taste preference, but again, a robustly higher number of choices were performed in the task. In both males and females, the higher number of instrumental responses did not affect the accuracy or the fraction of rewarded responses. Taken together, these data reveal discrete, dopamine-dependent non-motor symptoms that emerge in the early stages of dopaminergic neuron degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Radlicka-Borysewska
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Judyta Jabłońska
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Lenarczyk
- Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szumiec
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zofia Harda
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Bagińska
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Barut
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Pera
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kreiner
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Daniel K. Wójcik
- Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Cieslak PE, Drabik S, Gugula A, Trenk A, Gorkowska M, Przybylska K, Szumiec L, Kreiner G, Rodriguez Parkitna J, Blasiak A. Dopamine Receptor-Expressing Neurons Are Differently Distributed throughout Layers of the Motor Cortex to Control Dexterity. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0490-23.2023. [PMID: 38423792 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0490-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The motor cortex comprises the primary descending circuits for flexible control of voluntary movements and is critically involved in motor skill learning. Motor skill learning is impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease, but the precise mechanisms of motor control and skill learning are still not well understood. Here we have used transgenic mice, electrophysiology, in situ hybridization, and neural tract-tracing methods to target genetically defined cell types expressing D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the motor cortex. We observed that putative D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-expressing neurons (D1+ and D2+, respectively) are organized in highly segregated, nonoverlapping populations. Moreover, based on ex vivo patch-clamp recordings, we showed that D1+ and D2+ cells have distinct morphological and electrophysiological properties. Finally, we observed that chemogenetic inhibition of D2+, but not D1+, neurons disrupts skilled forelimb reaching in adult mice. Overall, these results demonstrate that dopamine receptor-expressing cells in the motor cortex are highly segregated and play a specialized role in manual dexterity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw E Cieslak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Sylwia Drabik
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Anna Gugula
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Trenk
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Martyna Gorkowska
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Kinga Przybylska
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szumiec
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow 31-343, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kreiner
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow 31-343, Poland
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow 31-343, Poland
| | - Anna Blasiak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
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Misiołek K, Klimczak M, Chrószcz M, Szumiec Ł, Bryksa A, Przyborowicz K, Rodriguez Parkitna J, Harda Z. Prosocial behavior, social reward and affective state discrimination in adult male and female mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5583. [PMID: 37019941 PMCID: PMC10076499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosocial behavior, defined as voluntary behavior intended to benefit another, has long been regarded as a primarily human characteristic. In recent years, it was reported that laboratory animals also favor prosocial choices in various experimental paradigms, thus demonstrating that prosocial behaviors are evolutionarily conserved. Here, we investigated prosocial choices in adult male and female C57BL/6 laboratory mice in a task where a subject mouse was equally rewarded for entering any of the two compartments of the experimental cage, but only entering of the compartment designated as "prosocial" rewarded an interaction partner. In parallel we have also assessed two traits that are regarded as closely related to prosociality: sensitivity to social reward and the ability to recognize the affective state of another individual. We found that female, but not male, mice increased frequency of prosocial choices from pretest to test. However, both sexes showed similar rewarding effects of social contact in the conditioned place preference test, and similarly, there was no effect of sex on affective state discrimination measured as the preference for interaction with a hungry or relieved mouse over a neutral animal. These observations bring interesting parallels to differences between sexes observed in humans, and are in line with reported higher propensity for prosocial behavior in human females, but differ with regard to sensitivity to social stimuli in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Misiołek
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Klimczak
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chrószcz
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szumiec
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Bryksa
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Karolina Przyborowicz
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Zofia Harda
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
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Harda Z, Misiołek K, Klimczak M, Chrószcz M, Rodriguez Parkitna J. C57BL/6N mice show a sub-strain specific resistance to the psychotomimetic effects of ketamine. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1057319. [PMID: 36505728 PMCID: PMC9731130 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1057319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated administration of subanesthetic doses of ketamine is a model of psychosis-like state in rodents. In mice, this treatment produces a range of behavioral deficits, including impairment in social interactions and locomotion. To date, these phenotypes were described primarily in the Swiss and C3H/HeHsd mouse strains. A few studies investigated ketamine-induced behaviors in the C57BL/6J strain, but to our knowledge the C57BL/6N strain was not investigated thus far. This is surprising, as both C57BL/6 sub-strains are widely used in behavioral and neuropsychopharmacological research, and are de facto standards for characterization of drug effects. The goal of this study was to determine if C57BL/6N mice are vulnerable to develop social deficits after 5 days withdrawal from sub-chronic ketamine treatment (5 days, 30 mg/kg, i.p.), an experimental schedule shown before to cause deficits in social interactions in C57BL/6J mice. Our results show that sub-chronic administration of ketamine that was reported to cause psychotic-like behavior in C57BL/6J mice does not induce appreciable behavioral alterations in C57BL/6N mice. Thus, we show that the effects of sub-chronic ketamine treatment in mice are sub-strain specific.
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Borczyk M, Piechota M, Rodriguez Parkitna J, Korostynski M. Prospects for personalization of depression treatment with genome sequencing. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:4220-4232. [PMID: 33786859 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder varies considerably between patients. With these interindividual differences and a number of antidepressants to choose from, the first choice of treatment often fails to produce improvement in the patient's condition. A substantial part of the variation in response to antidepressants can be explained by genetic factors. Accordingly, variants related to drug metabolism in two pharmacogenes, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, have already been translated into guidelines for antidepressant prescriptions. The role of variants in other genes that influence antidepressant responses is not yet understood. Furthermore, rare and individual variants account for a substantial part of genetic differences in antidepressant efficacy. Recent years have brought a tremendous increase in the accessibility of genome sequencing in terms of data availability and its clinical use. In this review, we summarize recent developments and current issues in the personalization of major depressive disorder treatment through pharmacogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Borczyk
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Piechota
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michal Korostynski
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Jabłońska J, Szumiec Ł, Zieliński P, Rodriguez Parkitna J. Time elapsed between choices in a probabilistic task correlates with repeating the same decision. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:2639-2654. [PMID: 33559232 PMCID: PMC8248175 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Reinforcement learning causes an action that yields a positive outcome more likely to be taken in the future. Here, we investigate how the time elapsed from an action affects subsequent decisions. Groups of C57BL6/J mice were housed in IntelliCages with access to water and chow ad libitum; they also had access to bottles with a reward: saccharin solution, alcohol, or a mixture of the two. The probability of receiving a reward in two of the cage corners changed between 0.9 and 0.3 every 48 hr over a period of ~33 days. As expected, in most animals, the odds of repeating a corner choice were increased if that choice was previously rewarded. Interestingly, the time elapsed from the previous choice also influenced the probability of repeating the choice, and this effect was independent of previous outcome. Behavioral data were fitted to a series of reinforcement learning models. Best fits were achieved when the reward prediction update was coupled with separate learning rates from positive and negative outcomes and additionally a “fictitious” update of the expected value of the nonselected choice. Additional inclusion of a time‐dependent decay of the expected values improved the fit marginally in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judyta Jabłońska
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szumiec
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Zieliński
- Department of Structure Research of Condensed Matter, The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Harda Z, Spyrka J, Jastrzębska K, Szumiec Ł, Bryksa A, Klimczak M, Polaszek M, Gołda S, Zajdel J, Misiołek K, Błasiak A, Rodriguez Parkitna J. Loss of mu and delta opioid receptors on neurons expressing dopamine receptor D1 has no effect on reward sensitivity. Neuropharmacology 2020; 180:108307. [PMID: 32941853 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Opioid signaling controls the activity of the brain's reward system. It is involved in signaling the hedonic effects of rewards and has essential roles in reinforcement and motivational processes. Here, we focused on opioid signaling through mu and delta receptors on dopaminoceptive neurons and evaluated the role these receptors play in reward-driven behaviors. We generated a genetically modified mouse with selective double knockdown of mu and delta opioid receptors in neurons expressing dopamine receptor D1. Selective expression of the transgene was confirmed using immunostaining. Knockdown was validated by measuring the effects of selective opioid receptor agonists on neuronal membrane currents using whole-cell patch clamp recordings. We found that in the nucleus accumbens of control mice, the majority of dopamine receptor D1-expressing neurons were sensitive to a mu or delta opioid agonist. In mutant mice, the response to the delta receptor agonist was blocked, while the effects of the mu agonist were strongly attenuated. Behaviorally, the mice had no obvious impairments. The mutation did not affect the sensitivity to the rewarding effects of morphine injections or social contact and had no effect on preference for sweet taste. Knockdown had a moderate effect on motor activity in some of the tests performed, but this effect did not reach statistical significance. Thus, we found that knocking down mu and delta receptors on dopamine receptor D1-expressing cells does not appreciably affect some of the reward-driven behaviors previously attributed to opioid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Harda
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Spyrka
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Jastrzębska
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szumiec
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Bryksa
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Klimczak
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Polaszek
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sławomir Gołda
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Zajdel
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Misiołek
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Błasiak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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Jabłońska J, Szumiec Ł, Parkitna JR. Reinforcement learning in a probabilistic learning task without time constraints. Pharmacol Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ruud J, Alber J, Tokarska A, Engström Ruud L, Nolte H, Biglari N, Lippert R, Lautenschlager Ä, Cieślak PE, Szumiec Ł, Hess ME, Brönneke HS, Krüger M, Nissbrandt H, Korotkova T, Silberberg G, Rodriguez Parkitna J, Brüning JC. The Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Protein (FTO) Regulates Locomotor Responses to Novelty via D2R Medium Spiny Neurons. Cell Rep 2019; 27:3182-3198.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Cieślak PE, Rodriguez Parkitna J. Ablation of NMDA receptors in dopamine neurons disrupts attribution of incentive salience to reward-paired stimuli. Behav Brain Res 2019; 363:77-82. [PMID: 30711444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons play a crucial role in the formation of conditioned associations between environmental cues and appetitive events. Activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is a key mechanism responsible for the generation of conditioned responses of DA neurons to reward cues. Here, we tested the effects of the cell type-specific inactivation of NMDA receptors in DA neurons in adult mice on stimulus-reward learning. Animals were trained in a Pavlovian learning paradigm in which they had to learn the predictive value of two conditioned stimuli, one of which (CS+) was paired with the delivery of a water reward. Over the course of conditioning, mutant mice learned that the CS+ predicted reward availability, and they approached the reward receptacle more frequently during CS+ trials than CS- trials. However, conditioned responses to the CS+ were weaker in the mutant mice, possibly indicating that they did not attribute incentive salience to the CS+. To further assess whether the attribution of incentive salience was impaired by the mutation, animals were tested in a conditioned reinforcement test. The test revealed that mutant mice made fewer instrumental responses paired with CS+ presentation, confirming that the CS+ had a weaker incentive value. Taken together, these results indicate that reward prediction learning does occur in the absence of NMDA receptors in DA neurons, but the ability of reward-paired cues to invigorate and reinforce behavior is attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Eligiusz Cieślak
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
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Zygmunt M, Hoinkis D, Hajto J, Piechota M, Skupień-Rabian B, Jankowska U, Kędracka-Krok S, Rodriguez Parkitna J, Korostyński M. Expression of alternatively spliced variants of the Dclk1 gene is regulated by psychotropic drugs. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:55. [PMID: 30208879 PMCID: PMC6134793 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The long-term effects of psychotropic drugs are associated with the reversal of disease-related alterations through the reorganization and normalization of neuronal connections. Molecular factors that trigger drug-induced brain plasticity remain only partly understood. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1) possesses microtubule-polymerizing activity during synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. However, the Dclk1 gene shows a complex profile of transcriptional regulation, with two alternative promoters and exon splicing patterns that suggest the expression of multiple isoforms with different kinase activities. Results Here, we applied next-generation sequencing to analyze changes in the expression of Dclk1 gene isoforms in the brain in response to several psychoactive drugs with diverse pharmacological mechanisms of action. We used bioinformatics tools to define the range and levels of Dclk1 transcriptional regulation in the mouse nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. We also sought to investigate the presence of DCLK1-derived peptides using mass spectrometry. We detected 15 transcripts expressed from the Dclk1 locus (FPKM > 1), including 2 drug-regulated variants (fold change > 2). Drugs that act on serotonin receptors (5-HT2A/C) regulate a subset of Dclk1 isoforms in a brain-region-specific manner. The strongest influence was observed for the mianserin-induced expression of an isoform with intron retention. The drug-activated expression of novel alternative Dclk1 isoforms was validated using qPCR. The drug-regulated isoform contains genetic variants of DCLK1 that have been previously associated with schizophrenia and hyperactivity disorder in humans. We identified a short peptide that might originate from the novel DCLK1 protein product. Moreover, protein domains encoded by the regulated variant indicate their potential involvement in the negative regulation of the canonical DCLK1 protein. Conclusions In summary, we identified novel isoforms of the neuroplasticity-related gene Dclk1 that are expressed in the brain in response to psychotropic drug treatments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12868-018-0458-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zygmunt
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dżesika Hoinkis
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Hajto
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Piechota
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bożena Skupień-Rabian
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kędracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Korostyński
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
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Zygmunt M, Piechota M, Rodriguez Parkitna J, Korostyński M. Decoding the transcriptional programs activated by psychotropic drugs in the brain. Genes Brain Behav 2018; 18:e12511. [PMID: 30084543 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of drug-induced gene expression in the brain has long held the promise of revealing the molecular mechanisms of drug actions as well as predicting their long-term clinical efficacy. However, despite some successes, this promise has yet to be fulfilled. Here, we present an overview of the current state of understanding of drug-induced gene expression in the brain and consider the obstacles to achieving a robust prediction of the properties of psychoactive compounds based on gene expression profiles. We begin with a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms controlling drug-inducible transcription and the complexity resulting from expression of noncoding RNAs and alternative gene isoforms. Particular interest is placed on studies that examine the associations within drug classes with regard to the effects on gene transcription, alterations in cell signaling and neuropharmacological drug properties. While the ability of gene expression signatures to distinguish specific clinical classes of psychotropic and addictive drugs remains unclear, some reports show that under specific constraints, drug properties can be predicted based on gene expression. Such signatures offer a simple and effective way to classify psychotropic drugs and screen novel psychoactive compounds. Finally, we note that the amount of data regarding molecular programs activated in the brain by drug treatment has grown exponentially in recent years and that future advances may therefore come in large part from integrating the currently available high-throughput data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zygmunt
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Piechota
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Korostyński
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Cieślak PE, Ahn WY, Bogacz R, Rodriguez Parkitna J. Selective Effects of the Loss of NMDA or mGluR5 Receptors in the Reward System on Adaptive Decision-Making. eNeuro 2018; 5:ENEURO.0331-18.2018. [PMID: 30302389 PMCID: PMC6175304 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0331-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Selecting the most advantageous actions in a changing environment is a central feature of adaptive behavior. The midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons along with the major targets of their projections, including dopaminoceptive neurons in the frontal cortex and basal ganglia, play a key role in this process. Here, we investigate the consequences of a selective genetic disruption of NMDA receptor and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the DA system on adaptive choice behavior in mice. We tested the effects of the mutation on performance in the probabilistic reinforcement learning and probability-discounting tasks. In case of the probabilistic choice, both the loss of NMDA receptors in dopaminergic neurons or the loss mGluR5 receptors in D1 receptor-expressing dopaminoceptive neurons reduced the probability of selecting the more rewarded alternative and lowered the likelihood of returning to the previously rewarded alternative (win-stay). When observed behavior was fitted to reinforcement learning models, we found that these two mutations were associated with a reduced effect of the expected outcome on choice (i.e., more random choices). None of the mutations affected probability discounting, which indicates that all animals had a normal ability to assess probability. However, in both behavioral tasks animals with targeted loss of NMDA receptors in dopaminergic neurons or mGluR5 receptors in D1 neurons were significantly slower to perform choices. In conclusion, these results show that glutamate receptor-dependent signaling in the DA system is essential for the speed and accuracy of choices, but at the same time probably is not critical for correct estimation of probable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Eligiusz Cieślak
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Woo-Young Ahn
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Rafał Bogacz
- MRC Brain Networks Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
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Jastrzębska K, Walczak M, Cieślak PE, Szumiec Ł, Turbasa M, Engblom D, Błasiak T, Parkitna JR. Loss of NMDA receptors in dopamine neurons leads to the development of affective disorder-like symptoms in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37171. [PMID: 27853270 PMCID: PMC5112557 DOI: 10.1038/srep37171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of changes in dopamine neuronal activity during the development of symptoms in affective disorders remains controversial. Here, we show that inactivation of NMDA receptors on dopaminergic neurons in adult mice led to the development of affective disorder-like symptoms. The loss of NMDA receptors altered activity and caused complete NMDA-insensitivity in dopamine-like neurons. Mutant mice exhibited increased immobility in the forced swim test and a decrease in social interactions. Mutation also led to reduced saccharin intake, however the preference of sweet taste was not significantly decreased. Additionally, we found that while mutant mice were slower to learn instrumental tasks, they were able to reach the same performance levels, had normal sensitivity to feedback and showed similar motivation to exert effort as control animals. Taken together these results show that inducing the loss of NMDA receptor-dependent activity in dopamine neurons is associated with development of affective disorder-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Jastrzębska
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Walczak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemysław Eligiusz Cieślak
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szumiec
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Turbasa
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - David Engblom
- Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Błasiak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
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Drozd R, Cieslak PE, Rychlik M, Rodriguez Parkitna J, Rygula R. Cognitive Judgment Bias Interacts with Risk Based Decision Making and Sensitivity to Dopaminergic Challenge in Male Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:163. [PMID: 27601984 PMCID: PMC4993790 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the cognitive theory has implicated judgment bias in various psychopathologies, its role in decision making under risk remains relatively unexplored. In the present study, we assessed the effects of cognitive judgment bias on risky choices in rats. First, we trained and tested the animals on the rat version of the probability-discounting (PD) task. During discrete trials, the rats chose between two levers; a press on the “small/certain” lever always resulted in the delivery of one reward pellet, whereas a press on the “large/risky” lever resulted in the delivery of four pellets. However, the probability of receiving a reward from the “large/risky” lever gradually decreased over the four trial blocks. Subsequently, the rats were re-trained and evaluated on a series of ambiguous-cue interpretation (ACI) tests, which permitted their classification according to the display of “optimistic” or “pessimistic” traits. Because dopamine (DA) has been implicated in both: risky choices and optimism, in the last experiment, we compared the reactivity of the dopaminergic system in the “optimistic” and “pessimistic” animals using the apomorphine (APO; 2 mg/kg s.c.) sensitivity test. We demonstrated that as risk increased, the proportion of risky lever choices decreased significantly slower in “optimists” compared with “pessimists” and that these differences between the two groups of rats were associated with different levels of dopaminergic system reactivity. Our findings suggest that cognitive judgment bias, risky decision-making and DA are linked, and they provide a foundation for further investigation of the behavioral traits and cognitive processes that influence risky choices in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Drozd
- Affective Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw E Cieslak
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Rychlik
- Affective Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafal Rygula
- Affective Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland
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Fritz M, Klawonn AM, Nilsson A, Singh AK, Zajdel J, Wilhelms DB, Lazarus M, Löfberg A, Jaarola M, Kugelberg UÖ, Billiar TR, Hackam DJ, Sodhi CP, Breyer MD, Jakobsson J, Schwaninger M, Schütz G, Parkitna JR, Saper CB, Blomqvist A, Engblom D. Prostaglandin-dependent modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission elicits inflammation-induced aversion in mice. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:695-705. [PMID: 26690700 DOI: 10.1172/jci83844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation causes malaise and general feelings of discomfort. This fundamental aspect of the sickness response reduces the quality of life for people suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases and is a nuisance during mild infections like common colds or the flu. To investigate how inflammation is perceived as unpleasant and causes negative affect, we used a behavioral test in which mice avoid an environment that they have learned to associate with inflammation-induced discomfort. Using a combination of cell-type–specific gene deletions, pharmacology, and chemogenetics, we found that systemic inflammation triggered aversion through MyD88-dependent activation of the brain endothelium followed by COX1-mediated cerebral prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis. Further, we showed that inflammation-induced PGE2 targeted EP1 receptors on striatal dopamine D1 receptor–expressing neurons and that this signaling sequence induced aversion through GABA-mediated inhibition of dopaminergic cells. Finally, we demonstrated that inflammation-induced aversion was not an indirect consequence of fever or anorexia but that it constituted an independent inflammatory symptom triggered by a unique molecular mechanism. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that PGE2-mediated modulation of the dopaminergic motivational circuitry is a key mechanism underlying the negative affect induced by inflammation.
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Ficek J, Zygmunt M, Piechota M, Hoinkis D, Rodriguez Parkitna J, Przewlocki R, Korostynski M. Molecular profile of dissociative drug ketamine in relation to its rapid antidepressant action. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:362. [PMID: 27188165 PMCID: PMC4869301 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine was found to act as a fast-acting antidepressant. The effects of single treatment were reported to persist for days to weeks, even in otherwise treatment-refractory cases. Identification of the mechanisms underlying ketamine's antidepressant action may permit development of novel drugs, with similar clinical properties but lacking psychotomimetic, sedative and other side effects. METHODS We applied whole-genome microarray profiling to analyze detailed time-course (1, 2, 4 and 8 h) of transcriptome alterations in the striatum and hippocampus following acute administration of ketamine, memantine and phencyclidine in C57BL/6 J mice. The transcriptional effects of ketamine were further analyzed using next-generation sequencing and quantitative PCR. Gene expression alterations induced by the NMDA antagonists were compared to the molecular profiles of psychotropic drugs: antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, psychostimulants and opioids. RESULTS We identified 52 transcripts (e.g. Dusp1, Per1 and Fkbp5) with altered expression (FDR < 1 %) in response to treatment with NMDA receptor antagonists. Functional links that connect expression of the regulated genes to the MAPK, IL-6 and insulin signaling pathways were indicated. Moreover, ketamine-regulated expression of specific gene isoforms was detected (e.g. Tsc22d3, Sgk1 and Hif3a). The comparison with other psychotropic drugs revealed that the molecular effects of ketamine are most similar to memantine and phencyclidine. Clustering based on expression profiles placed the NMDA antagonists among fluoxetine, tianeptine, as well as opioids and ethanol. CONCLUSIONS The identified patterns of gene expression alteration in the brain provided novel molecular classification of ketamine. The transcriptional profile of ketamine reflects its multi-target pharmacological nature. The results reveal similarities between the effects of ketamine and monoaminergic antidepressants that may explain the mechanisms of its rapid antidepressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ficek
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow, 31-343, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zygmunt
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow, 31-343, Poland
| | - Marcin Piechota
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow, 31-343, Poland
| | - Dzesika Hoinkis
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow, 31-343, Poland
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow, 31-343, Poland
| | - Ryszard Przewlocki
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow, 31-343, Poland
| | - Michal Korostynski
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow, 31-343, Poland.
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Bilbao A, Rieker C, Cannella N, Parlato R, Golda S, Piechota M, Korostynski M, Engblom D, Przewlocki R, Schütz G, Spanagel R, Rodriguez Parkitna J. Corrigendum: CREB activity in dopamine D1 receptor expressing neurons regulates cocaine-induced behavioral effects. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:239. [PMID: 25071493 PMCID: PMC4089353 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Bilbao
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Rieker
- Department of Molecular Biology of the Cell I, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nazzareno Cannella
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rosanna Parlato
- Department of Molecular Biology of the Cell I, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Germany ; Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm Ulm, Germany ; Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Slawomir Golda
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Piechota
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Korostynski
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland
| | - David Engblom
- Department of Molecular Biology of the Cell I, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ryszard Przewlocki
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland
| | - Günther Schütz
- Department of Molecular Biology of the Cell I, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Biology of the Cell I, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Germany ; Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland
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Parkitna JR, Sikora M, Gołda S, Gołembiowska K, Bystrowska B, Engblom D, Bilbao A, Przewlocki R. Novelty-seeking behaviors and the escalation of alcohol drinking after abstinence in mice are controlled by metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 on neurons expressing dopamine d1 receptors. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73:263-70. [PMID: 22902169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel experiences activate the brain's reward system in a manner similar to drugs of abuse, and high levels of novelty-seeking and sensation-seeking behavior have been associated with increased susceptibility to alcohol and drug abuse. Here, we show that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) signaling on dopaminoceptive neurons is necessary for both novelty-seeking behavior and the abstinence-induced escalation of alcohol drinking. METHODS Mice harboring a transgene expressing microRNA hairpins against mGluR5 messenger RNA under the control of the D1 dopamine receptor gene promoter (mGluR5(KD-D1)) were tested in a battery of behavioral tests measuring learning abilities, anxiety levels, reactions to novelty, operant sensation seeking, and alcohol sensitivity. In addition, we have developed a method to assess long-term patterns of alcohol drinking in mice housed in groups using the IntelliCage system. RESULTS mGluR5(KD-D1) mice showed no behavioral deficits and exhibited normal anxiety-like behaviors and learning abilities. However, mGluR5(KD-D1) animals showed reduced locomotor activity when placed in a novel environment, and exhibited decreased interaction with a novel object. Moreover, unlike control animals, mutant mice did not perform instrumental responses under the operant sensation-seeking paradigm, although they learned to respond for food normally. When mGluR5(KD-D1) mice were provided access to alcohol, they showed similar patterns of consumption as wild-type animals. However, mutant mice did not escalate their alcohol consumption after a period of forced abstinence, but control mice almost doubled their intake. CONCLUSIONS These data identify mGluR5 receptors on D1-expressing neurons as a common molecular substrate of novelty-seeking behaviors and behaviors associated with alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Rodriguez Parkitna J, Engblom D. Addictive drugs and plasticity of glutamatergic synapses on dopaminergic neurons: what have we learned from genetic mouse models? Front Mol Neurosci 2012; 5:89. [PMID: 22969704 PMCID: PMC3431596 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2012.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced changes in the functional properties of neurons in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system are attractive candidates for the molecular underpinnings of addiction. A central question in this context has been how drugs of abuse affect synaptic plasticity on dopaminergic cells in the ventral tegmental area. We now know that the intake of addictive drugs is accompanied by a complex sequence of alterations in the properties of excitatory synapses on dopaminergic neurons, mainly driven by signaling and redistribution of NMDA- and AMPA-receptors. It has, however, been unclear how these molecular changes are related to the behavioral effects of addictive drugs. Recently, new genetic tools have permitted researchers to perform genetic intervention with plasticity-related molecules selectively in dopaminergic cells and to subsequently study the behaviors of genetically modified mice. These studies have started to reveal how plasticity and drug-induced behavior are connected as well as what role plasticity in dopaminergic cells may have in general reward learning. The findings thus far show that there is not a one-to-one relation between plastic events and specific behaviors and that the early responses to drugs of abuse are to a large extent independent of the types of synaptic plasticity so far targeted. In contrast, plasticity in dopaminergic cells indeed is an important regulator of the persistence of behaviors driven by drug associations, making synaptic plasticity in dopaminergic cells an important field of study for understanding the mechanisms behind relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland
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Rieker C, Schober A, Bilbao A, Schütz G, Parkitna JR. Ablation of serum response factor in dopaminergic neurons exacerbates susceptibility towards MPTP-induced oxidative stress. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 35:735-41. [PMID: 22356487 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The high susceptibility of dopaminergic (DA) neurons to cellular stress is regarded as a primary cause of Parkinson's disease. Here we investigate the role of the serum response factor (SRF), an important regulator of anti-apoptotic responses, for the survival of DA neurons in mice. We show that loss of SRF in DA neurons does not affect their viability and does not influence dopamine-dependent behaviors. However, ablation of SRF causes exacerbated sensitivity to 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), leading to significantly greater loss of DA neurons in the substantia nigra, compared with DA neurons located in the ventral tegmental area. In addition, loss of SRF decreases levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Bcl-2, a plausible underlying cause of increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. These observations support the notion that dysfunction of the SRF-activating mitogen-associated kinase pathway may be part of Parkinson's disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Rieker
- Division of Molecular Biology of the Cell I, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Habermehl D, Parkitna JR, Kaden S, Brügger B, Wieland F, Gröne HJ, Schütz G. Glucocorticoid activity during lung maturation is essential in mesenchymal and less in alveolar epithelial cells. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:1280-8. [PMID: 21659474 PMCID: PMC5417239 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid treatment is an established therapy for preterm infants, and germline inactivation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene in the mouse leads to respiratory failure and postnatal lethality. Although glucocorticoids have been thought to critically act in epithelial cells inducing the functional maturation of the lung, inactivation of the GR gene exclusively in the epithelium of the developing murine lung did not impair survival. In contrast, mice lacking GR specifically in mesenchyme-derived cells displayed a phenotype strongly reminiscent of GR knockout animals and died immediately after birth. Detailed analysis of gene expression allows the conclusion that GR acts in cells of the fibroblast lineage controlling their proliferation rate and the composition of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Habermehl
- Division Molecular Biology of the Cell I, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Parkitna JR. Glutamate inputs to catecholamine pathways shape behavioral effects of addictive drugs. Pharmacol Rep 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Parkitna JR, Bilbao A, Engblom D, Solecki W, Sprengel R, Spanagel R, Schütz G, Przewłocki R. Changes in glutamate-catecholamine interactions underlie persistence of drug-conditioned behaviors. Pharmacol Rep 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(10)71096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Parlato R, Cruz H, Otto C, Murtra P, Parkitna JR, Martin M, Bura SA, Begus-Nahrmann Y, von Bohlen und Halbach O, Maldonado R, Schütz G, Lüscher C. Effects of the cell type-specific ablation of the cAMP-responsive transcription factor in noradrenergic neurons on locus coeruleus firing and withdrawal behavior after chronic exposure to morphine. J Neurochem 2010; 115:563-73. [PMID: 20367754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to opiates leads to cellular and molecular changes and behavioral alterations reflecting a state of dependence. In noradrenergic neurons, cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent pathways are activated during opiate withdrawal, but their contribution to the activity of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons and behavioral manifestations remains controversial. Here, we test whether the cAMP-dependent transcription factors cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) in noradrenergic neurons control the cellular markers and the physical signs of morphine withdrawal in mice. Using the Cre/loxP system we ablated the Creb1 gene in noradrenergic neurons. To avoid adaptive effects because of compensatory up-regulation of CREM, we crossed the conditional Creb1 mutant mice with a Crem-/- line. We found that the enhanced expression of tyrosine hydroxylase normally observed during withdrawal was attenuated in CREB/CREM mutants. Moreover, the withdrawal-associated cellular hyperactivity and c-fos expression was blunted. In contrast, naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs, such as jumping, paw tremor, tremor and mastication were preserved. We conclude by a specific genetic approach that the withdrawal-associated hyperexcitability of noradrenergic neurons depends on CREB/CREM activity in these neurons, but does not mediate several behavioral signs of morphine withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Parlato
- Department of Molecular Biology of the Cell I, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Parkitna JR, Bilbao A, Rieker C, Engblom D, Piechota M, Nordheim A, Spanagel R, Schütz G. Loss of the serum response factor in the dopamine system leads to hyperactivity. FASEB J 2010; 24:2427-35. [PMID: 20223941 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-151423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The serum response factor (SRF) is a key regulator of neural development and cellular plasticity, which enables it to act as a regulator of long-term adaptations in neurons. Here we performed a comprehensive analysis of SRF function in the murine dopamine system. We found that loss of SRF in dopaminoceptive, but not dopaminergic, neurons is responsible for the development of a hyperactivity syndrome, characterized by reduced body weight into adulthood, enhanced motor activity, and deficits in habituation processes. Most important, the hyperactivity also develops when the ablation of SRF is induced in adult animals. On the molecular level, the loss of SRF in dopaminoceptive cells is associated with altered expression of neuronal plasticity-related genes, in particular transcripts involved in calcium ion binding, formation of the cytoskeleton, and transcripts encoding neuropeptide precursors. Furthermore, abrogation of SRF causes specific deficits in activity-dependent transcription, especially a complete lack of psychostimulant-induced expression of the Egr genes. We inferred that alterations in SRF-dependent gene expression underlie the observed hyperactive behavior. Thus, SRF depletion in dopaminoceptive neurons might trigger molecular mechanisms responsible for development of psychopathological conditions involving hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Molecular Biology of the Cell I, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Obara I, Parkitna JR, Korostynski M, Makuch W, Kaminska D, Przewlocka B, Przewlocki R. Local peripheral opioid effects and expression of opioid genes in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia in neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Pain 2009; 141:283-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Generation of genetically modified mice is one of the primary methods for understanding gene function. In particular, approaches that allow for restricting the effects of a mutation to defined cell-types are fundamental for understanding the roles of genes in specific cells or tissues. The Cre/loxP recombination system is the most robust approach to produce cell-type-specific gene inactivation. When the Cre recombinase is expressed from a transgene containing a tissue-type-specific promoter it will delete genomic segments flanked by loxP sequences in this tissue only. In this regard, the selectivity and reproducibility of Cre expression is absolutely critical for the result. To meet these requirements large constructs based on bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) have been successfully used. Here we present a protocol for the generation of constructs in which the Cre recombinase or a tamoxifen-inducible Cre fusion protein, are inserted at the translation start sequence of a BAC-derived gene. We describe all the critical steps, including construct-design, recombineering, and preparation of the transgene-containing genomic fragment for pronuclear injection and identification of "founder" animals among the resulting offspring. In our experience, the use of this protocol typically results in specific and transgene copy number-dependent expression of the Cre recombinase.
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Engblom D, Bilbao A, Sanchis-Segura C, Dahan L, Perreau-Lenz S, Balland B, Parkitna JR, Luján R, Halbout B, Mameli M, Parlato R, Sprengel R, Lüscher C, Schütz G, Spanagel R. Glutamate receptors on dopamine neurons control the persistence of cocaine seeking. Neuron 2008; 59:497-508. [PMID: 18701074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine strengthens excitatory synapses onto midbrain dopamine neurons through the synaptic delivery of GluR1-containing AMPA receptors. This cocaine-evoked plasticity depends on NMDA receptor activation, but its behavioral significance in the context of addiction remains elusive. Here, we generated mice lacking the GluR1, GluR2, or NR1 receptor subunits selectively in dopamine neurons. We report that in midbrain slices of cocaine-treated mice, synaptic transmission was no longer strengthened when GluR1 or NR1 was abolished, while in the respective mice the drug still induced normal conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization. In contrast, extinction of drug-seeking behavior was absent in mice lacking GluR1, while in the NR1 mutant mice reinstatement was abolished. In conclusion, cocaine-evoked synaptic plasticity does not mediate concurrent short-term behavioral effects of the drug but may initiate adaptive changes eventually leading to the persistence of drug-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Engblom
- Division of Molecular Biology of the Cell I, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Lemberger T, Parkitna JR, Chai M, Schütz G, Engblom D. CREB has a context-dependent role in activity-regulated transcription and maintains neuronal cholesterol homeostasis. FASEB J 2008; 22:2872-9. [PMID: 18424767 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-107888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Induction of specific gene expression patterns in response to activity confers functional plasticity to neurons. A principal role in the regulation of these processes has been ascribed to the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB). Using genome-wide expression profiling in mice lacking CREB in the forebrain, accompanied by deletion of the cAMP responsive element modulator gene (CREM), we here show that the role of these proteins in activity-induced gene expression is surprisingly selective and highly context dependent. Thus, only a very restricted subset of activity-induced genes (i.e., Gadd45b or Nr4a2) requires these proteins for their induction in the hippocampus after kainic acid administration, while they are required for most of the cocaine-induced expression changes in the striatum. Interestingly, in the absence of CREB, CREM is able to rescue activity-regulated transcription, which strengthens the notion of overlapping functions of the two proteins. In addition, we show that cholesterol metabolism is dysregulated in the brains of mutant mice, as reflected coordinated expression changes in genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and neuronal accumulation of cholesterol. These findings provide novel insights into the role of CREB and CREM in stimulus-dependent transcription and neuronal homeostasis.
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Parkitna JR, Obara I, Wawrzczak-Bargiela A, Makuch W, Przewlocka B, Przewlocki R. Effects of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Inhibitors on Morphine-Induced Analgesia and Tolerance in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 319:832-9. [PMID: 16902054 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.107581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated administration of morphine is associated with the development of tolerance, yet the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is still poorly understood. Recent evidence implicating glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in opioid receptor signaling pathways has prompted us to investigate its role in morphine tolerance. Administration of 10 mg/kg morphine i.p. to Wistar rats twice daily for 8 days resulted in complete tolerance to its analgesic effects as measured by the tail-flick test. When injections of morphine were preceded by intrathecal (i.t.) administration of either an inhibitor of GSK3 [(3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (SB216763) or 6-bromoindirubin-3'oxime] or an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk), roscovitine, development of tolerance to morphine analgesia was completely abolished. In addition, a single i.t. injection of either kinase inhibitor was able to restore in a dose-dependent manner the analgesic effect of morphine in morphine-tolerant rats. None of the inhibitors in doses used in the present study had analgesic effects of their own nor an effect on the analgesic potency of morphine. Repeated i.t. administration of either inhibitor had caused an increase in abundance of GSK-3beta phosphorylated at Ser(9) in the dorsal lumbar part of the spinal cord of rats that were chronically treated with morphine. Furthermore, reversal of morphine tolerance by a single injection of either inhibitor was always associated with increased abundance of phospho-GSK3beta. In conclusion, our data indicate that chronic morphine treatment activates a highly efficient pathway by means of which Cdk5 regulates GSK3beta activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rodriguez Parkitna
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, 12 Smetna St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
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