1
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Adleberg J, Benitez CL, Primiano N, Patel A, Mogel D, Kalra R, Adhia A, Berns M, Chin C, Tanghe S, Yi P, Zech J, Kohli A, Martin-Carreras T, Corcuera-Solano I, Huang M, Ngeow J. Fully Automated Measurement of the Insall-Salvati Ratio with Artificial Intelligence. J Imaging Inform Med 2024; 37:601-610. [PMID: 38343226 PMCID: PMC11031523 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-023-00955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Patella alta (PA) and patella baja (PB) affect 1-2% of the world population, but are often underreported, leading to potential complications like osteoarthritis. The Insall-Salvati ratio (ISR) is commonly used to diagnose patellar height abnormalities. Artificial intelligence (AI) keypoint models show promising accuracy in measuring and detecting these abnormalities.An AI keypoint model is developed and validated to study the Insall-Salvati ratio on a random population sample of lateral knee radiographs. A keypoint model was trained and internally validated with 689 lateral knee radiographs from five sites in a multi-hospital urban healthcare system after IRB approval. A total of 116 lateral knee radiographs from a sixth site were used for external validation. Distance error (mm), Pearson correlation, and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate model performance. On a random sample of 2647 different lateral knee radiographs, mean and standard deviation were used to calculate the normal distribution of ISR. A keypoint detection model had mean distance error of 2.57 ± 2.44 mm on internal validation data and 2.73 ± 2.86 mm on external validation data. Pearson correlation between labeled and predicted Insall-Salvati ratios was 0.82 [95% CI 0.76-0.86] on internal validation and 0.75 [0.66-0.82] on external validation. For the population sample of 2647 patients, there was mean ISR of 1.11 ± 0.21. Patellar height abnormalities were underreported in radiology reports from the population sample. AI keypoint models consistently measure ISR on knee radiographs. Future models can enable radiologists to study musculoskeletal measurements on larger population samples and enhance our understanding of normal and abnormal ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adleberg
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - C L Benitez
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Primiano
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Patel
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Mogel
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Kalra
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Adhia
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Berns
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Chin
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Tanghe
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Yi
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Zech
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Kohli
- UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - I Corcuera-Solano
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Huang
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Ngeow
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Ventresca Miller AR, Johnson J, Makhortykh S, Gerling C, Litvinova L, Andrukh S, Toschev G, Zech J, le Roux P, Makarewicz C, Boivin N, Roberts P. Re-evaluating Scythian lifeways: Isotopic analysis of diet and mobility in Iron Age Ukraine. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245996. [PMID: 33690634 PMCID: PMC7946291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Scythians are frequently presented, in popular and academic thought alike, as highly mobile warrior nomads who posed a great economic risk to growing Mediterranean empires from the Iron Age into the Classical period. Archaeological studies provide evidence of first millennium BCE urbanism in the steppe while historical texts reference steppe agriculture, challenging traditional characterizations of Scythians as nomads. However, there have been few direct studies of the diet and mobility of populations living in the Pontic steppe and forest-steppe during the Scythian era. Here, we analyse strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope data from human tooth enamel samples, as well as nitrogen and carbon isotope data of bone collagen, at several Iron Age sites across Ukraine commonly associated with ‘Scythian’ era communities. Our multi-isotopic approach demonstrates generally low levels of human mobility in the vicinity of urban locales, where populations engaged in agro-pastoralism focused primarily on millet agriculture. Some individuals show evidence for long-distance mobility, likely associated with significant inter-regional connections. We argue that this pattern supports economic diversity of urban locales and complex trading networks, rather than a homogeneous nomadic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R. Ventresca Miller
- Department of Anthropology and Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Stable Isotope Group, Jena, Germany
- Graduate School of Human Development in Landscapes, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail: ,
| | - James Johnson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Sergey Makhortykh
- Institute of Archaeology of National Academy of Sciences Ukraine (NUAS), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Claudia Gerling
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludmilla Litvinova
- Institute of Archaeology of National Academy of Sciences Ukraine (NUAS), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Jana Zech
- Department of Anthropology and Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Petrus le Roux
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Cheryl Makarewicz
- Graduate School of Human Development in Landscapes, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicole Boivin
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Stable Isotope Group, Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Smithsonian Institution, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Stable Isotope Group, Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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3
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Bleasdale M, Richter KK, Janzen A, Brown S, Scott A, Zech J, Wilkin S, Wang K, Schiffels S, Desideri J, Besse M, Reinold J, Saad M, Babiker H, Power RC, Ndiema E, Ogola C, Manthi FK, Zahir M, Petraglia M, Trachsel C, Nanni P, Grossmann J, Hendy J, Crowther A, Roberts P, Goldstein ST, Boivin N. Ancient proteins provide evidence of dairy consumption in eastern Africa. Nat Commun 2021; 12:632. [PMID: 33504791 PMCID: PMC7841170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Consuming the milk of other species is a unique adaptation of Homo sapiens, with implications for health, birth spacing and evolution. Key questions nonetheless remain regarding the origins of dairying and its relationship to the genetically-determined ability to drink milk into adulthood through lactase persistence (LP). As a major centre of LP diversity, Africa is of significant interest to the evolution of dairying. Here we report proteomic evidence for milk consumption in ancient Africa. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) we identify dairy proteins in human dental calculus from northeastern Africa, directly demonstrating milk consumption at least six millennia ago. Our findings indicate that pastoralist groups were drinking milk as soon as herding spread into eastern Africa, at a time when the genetic adaptation for milk digestion was absent or rare. Our study links LP status in specific ancient individuals with direct evidence for their consumption of dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Bleasdale
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, King's Manor, Exhibition Square, York, YO1 7EP, UK.
| | - Kristine K Richter
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Anneke Janzen
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Samantha Brown
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Ashley Scott
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Zech
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Shevan Wilkin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Schiffels
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Jocelyne Desideri
- Laboratory of Prehistoric Archaeology and Anthropology, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Besse
- Laboratory of Prehistoric Archaeology and Anthropology, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Reinold
- Section française de la Direction des antiquités du Soudan, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed Saad
- National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums of Sudan, M.Bolheim Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hiba Babiker
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Robert C Power
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Pre-and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ndiema
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christine Ogola
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick K Manthi
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Muhammad Zahir
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Michael Petraglia
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DA, USA
| | - Christian Trachsel
- Functional Genomics Center, University of Zurich/ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Nanni
- Functional Genomics Center, University of Zurich/ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center, University of Zurich/ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Hendy
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Alison Crowther
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven T Goldstein
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Boivin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DA, USA.
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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4
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Bleasdale M, Wotzka HP, Eichhorn B, Mercader J, Styring A, Zech J, Soto M, Inwood J, Clarke S, Marzo S, Fiedler B, Linseele V, Boivin N, Roberts P. Isotopic and microbotanical insights into Iron Age agricultural reliance in the Central African rainforest. Commun Biol 2020; 3:619. [PMID: 33110164 PMCID: PMC7591565 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of agriculture in Central Africa has previously been associated with the migration of Bantu-speaking populations during an anthropogenic or climate-driven ‘opening’ of the rainforest. However, such models are based on assumptions of environmental requirements of key crops (e.g. Pennisetum glaucum) and direct insights into human dietary reliance remain absent. Here, we utilise stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O) of human and animal remains and charred food remains, as well as plant microparticles from dental calculus, to assess the importance of incoming crops in the Congo Basin. Our data, spanning the early Iron Age to recent history, reveals variation in the adoption of cereals, with a persistent focus on forest and freshwater resources in some areas. These data provide new dietary evidence and document the longevity of mosaic subsistence strategies in the region. Bleasdale et al. examine the introduction of agricultural crops in the Congo Basin with stable isotope analysis of human and animal remains, charred food remains, and plant microparticles from dental calculus. Their findings reveal variation in the adoption of cereals from the early Iron Age, and provide long-term insights into changing human reliance on different resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Bleasdale
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany. .,Department of Archaeology, University of York, King's Manor, Exhibition Square, York, YO1 7EP, UK.
| | - Hans-Peter Wotzka
- Institute of Prehistory, University of Cologne, Weyertal 125, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Eichhorn
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Goethe University, Norbert-Wollheim-Platz 1, D-60629, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julio Mercader
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W. Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amy Styring
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Goethe University, Norbert-Wollheim-Platz 1, D-60629, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK
| | - Jana Zech
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - María Soto
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W. Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jamie Inwood
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W. Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Siobhán Clarke
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W. Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sara Marzo
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Bianca Fiedler
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Veerle Linseele
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Center for Archaeological Sciences, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole Boivin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W. Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Archaeology, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD, 4072, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th Street & Constitution Avenue, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany. .,Department of Archaeology, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD, 4072, Brisbane, Australia.
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Patalano
- Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Jena Germany
| | - Jana Zech
- Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Jena Germany
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Jena Germany
- School of Social Science The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- Archaeological Studies Program University of Philippines, Diliman, Quenzon City Philippines
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6
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Yu H, Spyrou MA, Karapetian M, Shnaider S, Radzevičiūtė R, Nägele K, Neumann GU, Penske S, Zech J, Lucas M, LeRoux P, Roberts P, Pavlenok G, Buzhilova A, Posth C, Jeong C, Krause J. Paleolithic to Bronze Age Siberians Reveal Connections with First Americans and across Eurasia. Cell 2020; 181:1232-1245.e20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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7
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King CL, Buckley HR, Petchey P, Kinaston R, Millard A, Zech J, Roberts P, Matisoo-Smith E, Nowell G, Gröcke DR. A multi-isotope, multi-tissue study of colonial origins and diet in New Zealand. Am J Phys Anthropol 2020; 172:605-620. [PMID: 32424829 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colonial period New Zealand was lauded as a land of plenty, where colonists could improve their station in life and secure a future for their families. Our understanding of colonial experience, however, is often shaped by historical records which communicate a state-sponsored version of history. This study aims to reconstruct the lives of settlers using isotopic evidence from the colonial skeletons themselves. MATERIALS AND METHODS We use skeletal remains from recently excavated colonial sites in Otago (South Island, New Zealand) to illustrate the information that can be gleaned from the isotopic analysis of individuals. We use 87 Sr/86 Sr to identify European settlers, and δ13 C and δ15 N from collagen and hair keratin, as well as dental enamel carbonate δ13 C to trace dietary change over their life-courses. RESULTS Strontium isotope analysis shows that all adults in our sample are non-local. Dietary isotopes show that while most individuals had relatively consistent childhood diet, one individual with more rural origins likely had seasonal use of resources during childhood. While some members of the population seem to have increased their meat intake in the new colony most do not have clear evidence for this. DISCUSSION We show the diversity of human experience in first-generation New Zealanders both prior to emigration and in the new colony. Despite colonial propaganda claiming that circumstances in New Zealand were improved for all settlers, we have little evidence for this, aside from among individuals of potentially high status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L King
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hallie R Buckley
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Rebecca Kinaston
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Millard
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Jana Zech
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Geoff Nowell
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
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8
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Roberts P, Louys J, Zech J, Shipton C, Kealy S, Carro SS, Hawkins S, Boulanger C, Marzo S, Fiedler B, Boivin N, Mahirta, Aplin K, OʼConnor S. Isotopic evidence for initial coastal colonization and subsequent diversification in the human occupation of Wallacea. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2068. [PMID: 32350284 PMCID: PMC7190613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The resource-poor, isolated islands of Wallacea have been considered a major adaptive obstacle for hominins expanding into Australasia. Archaeological evidence has hinted that coastal adaptations in Homo sapiens enabled rapid island dispersal and settlement; however, there has been no means to directly test this proposition. Here, we apply stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis to human and faunal tooth enamel from six Late Pleistocene to Holocene archaeological sites across Wallacea. The results demonstrate that the earliest human forager found in the region c. 42,000 years ago made significant use of coastal resources prior to subsequent niche diversification shown for later individuals. We argue that our data provides clear insights into the huge adaptive flexibility of our species, including its ability to specialize in the use of varied environments, particularly in comparison to other hominin species known from Island Southeast Asia. There has been substantial debate of how hominins colonized Australasia through Wallacea, including their ability to utilize marine vs. terrestrial resources. Here, Roberts et al. use stable carbon and oxygen isotopes to reconstruct temporal shifts in the diets of early human inhabitants of Alor and Timor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745, Jena, Germany. .,School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Julien Louys
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Jana Zech
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ceri Shipton
- School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Shimona Kealy
- School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Sofia Samper Carro
- School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.,Centre d'Estudis del Patrimoni Arqueologic, Facultat de Lletres, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Stuart Hawkins
- School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Clara Boulanger
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.,Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département Homme et Environment, CNRS UMR 7194, Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique, Paris, France
| | - Sara Marzo
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Bianca Fiedler
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Boivin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Mahirta
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.,Department of Archaeology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ken Aplin
- School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Sue OʼConnor
- School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.
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9
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Wilkin S, Ventresca Miller A, Miller BK, Spengler RN, Taylor WTT, Fernandes R, Hagan RW, Bleasdale M, Zech J, Ulziibayar S, Myagmar E, Boivin N, Roberts P. Economic Diversification Supported the Growth of Mongolia's Nomadic Empires. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3916. [PMID: 32127564 PMCID: PMC7054399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations in Mongolia from the late second millennium B.C.E. through the Mongol Empire are traditionally assumed, by archaeologists and historians, to have maintained a highly specialized horse-facilitated form of mobile pastoralism. Until recently, a dearth of direct evidence for prehistoric human diet and subsistence economies in Mongolia has rendered systematic testing of this view impossible. Here, we present stable carbon and nitrogen isotope measurements of human bone collagen, and stable carbon isotope analysis of human enamel bioapatite, from 137 well-dated ancient Mongolian individuals spanning the period c. 4400 B.C.E. to 1300 C.E. Our results demonstrate an increase in consumption of C4 plants beginning at c. 800 B.C.E., almost certainly indicative of millet consumption, an interpretation supported by archaeological evidence. The escalating scale of millet consumption on the eastern Eurasian steppe over time, and an expansion of isotopic niche widths, indicate that historic Mongolian empires were supported by a diversification of economic strategies rather than uniform, specialized pastoralism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shevan Wilkin
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Alicia Ventresca Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Jena, Germany
- University of Michigan, Department of Anthropology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bryan K Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Jena, Germany
| | - Robert N Spengler
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Jena, Germany
| | - William T T Taylor
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Jena, Germany
- University of Colorado, Department of Anthropology, Museum of Natural History, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Jena, Germany
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Richard W Hagan
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeogenetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Madeleine Bleasdale
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Zech
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Jena, Germany
| | - S Ulziibayar
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Jukoviin orgon chuloo 77, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Nicole Boivin
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeology, Jena, Germany.
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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10
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Hausmann N, Prendergast AL, Lemonis A, Zech J, Roberts P, Siozos P, Anglos D. Extensive elemental mapping unlocks Mg/Ca ratios as climate proxy in seasonal records of Mediterranean limpets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3698. [PMID: 30842602 PMCID: PMC6403426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elemental analysis of biogeochemical archives is an established technique used to study climate in a range of applications, including ocean circulation, glacial/interglacial climates, and anthropogenic climate change. Data from mollusc archives are especially important because of their global abundance and sub-annual resolution. Despite this potential, they are underrepresented among palaeoclimate studies, due to enigmatic physiological influences skewing the elemental record. Understanding the patterns behind these influences will improve data interpretation and lead to the development of new climate proxies. Here, we show for the first time that extensive spatial mapping of multiple mollusc specimens using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) across a wider region can resolve enigmatic patterns within the elemental record caused by physiological influences. 2D elemental (Mg/Ca) maps of whole limpet shells (Patella caerulea) from across the Mediterranean revealed patterns of variability within individual mollusc records as well as within isochronous parts of specimens. By registering and quantifying these patterns, we established previously uninterpretable correlations with temperature (R2 > 0.8, p < 0.01). This outcome redefines the possibilities of accessing sub-annual climate proxies and presents the means to assess annual temperature ranges using oxygen isotope analysis requiring only 2 samples per shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hausmann
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece. .,BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, United Kingdom. .,Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
| | - A L Prendergast
- School of Geography, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Lemonis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - J Zech
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - P Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - P Siozos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - D Anglos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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11
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Roberts P, Stewart M, Alagaili AN, Breeze P, Candy I, Drake N, Groucutt HS, Scerri EML, Lee-Thorp J, Louys J, Zalmout IS, Al-Mufarreh YSA, Zech J, Alsharekh AM, Al Omari A, Boivin N, Petraglia M. Fossil herbivore stable isotopes reveal middle Pleistocene hominin palaeoenvironment in 'Green Arabia'. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1871-1878. [PMID: 30374171 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite its largely hyper-arid and inhospitable climate today, the Arabian Peninsula is emerging as an important area for investigating Pleistocene hominin dispersals. Recently, a member of our own species was found in northern Arabia dating to ca. 90 ka, while stone tools and fossil finds have hinted at an earlier, middle Pleistocene, hominin presence. However, there remain few direct insights into Pleistocene environments, and associated hominin adaptations, that accompanied the movement of populations into this region. Here, we apply stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis to fossil mammal tooth enamel (n = 21) from the middle Pleistocene locality of Ti's al Ghadah in Saudi Arabia associated with newly discovered stone tools and probable cutmarks. The results demonstrate productive grasslands in the interior of the Arabian Peninsula ca. 300-500 ka, as well as aridity levels similar to those found in open savannah settings in eastern Africa today. The association between this palaeoenvironmental information and the earliest traces for hominin activity in this part of the world lead us to argue that middle Pleistocene hominin dispersals into the interior of the Arabian Peninsula required no major novel adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
| | - Mathew Stewart
- Palaeontology, Geobiology and Earth Archives Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Abdulaziz N Alagaili
- KSU Mammals Research Chair, Zoology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Breeze
- Department of Geography, King's College, London, UK
| | - Ian Candy
- Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK
| | - Nick Drake
- Department of Geography, King's College, London, UK
| | - Huw S Groucutt
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor M L Scerri
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia Lee-Thorp
- Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julien Louys
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith Sciences - Centres and Institutes, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Iyad S Zalmout
- Department of Paleontology, Saudi Geological Survey, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jana Zech
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Nicole Boivin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Petraglia
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany. .,Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA.
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12
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Ventresca Miller A, Fernandes R, Janzen A, Nayak A, Swift J, Zech J, Boivin N, Roberts P. Sampling and Pretreatment of Tooth Enamel Carbonate for Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analysis. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30176003 DOI: 10.3791/58002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of human and animal tooth enamel carbonate has been applied in paleodietary, paleoecological, and paleoenvironmental research from recent historical periods back to over 10 million years ago. Bulk approaches provide a representative sample for the period of enamel mineralization, while sequential samples within a tooth can track dietary and environmental changes during this period. While these methodologies have been widely applied and described in archaeology, ecology, and paleontology, there have been no explicit guidelines to aid in the selection of necessary lab equipment and to thoroughly describe detailed laboratory sampling and protocols. In this article, we document textually and visually, the entire process from sampling through pretreatment and diagenetic screening to make the methodology more widely available to researchers considering its application in a variety of laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History; School of Archaeology, University of Oxford
| | - Anneke Janzen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
| | - Ayushi Nayak
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
| | - Jillian Swift
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
| | - Jana Zech
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
| | - Nicole Boivin
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
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13
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Posth C, Nägele K, Colleran H, Valentin F, Bedford S, Kami KW, Shing R, Buckley H, Kinaston R, Walworth M, Clark GR, Reepmeyer C, Flexner J, Maric T, Moser J, Gresky J, Kiko L, Robson KJ, Auckland K, Oppenheimer SJ, Hill AVS, Mentzer AJ, Zech J, Petchey F, Roberts P, Jeong C, Gray RD, Krause J, Powell A. Language continuity despite population replacement in Remote Oceania. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:731-740. [PMID: 29487365 PMCID: PMC5868730 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent genomic analyses show that the earliest peoples reaching Remote Oceania-associated with Austronesian-speaking Lapita culture-were almost completely East Asian, without detectable Papuan ancestry. However, Papuan-related genetic ancestry is found across present-day Pacific populations, indicating that peoples from Near Oceania have played a significant, but largely unknown, ancestral role. Here, new genome-wide data from 19 ancient South Pacific individuals provide direct evidence of a so-far undescribed Papuan expansion into Remote Oceania starting ~2,500 yr BP, far earlier than previously estimated and supporting a model from historical linguistics. New genome-wide data from 27 contemporary ni-Vanuatu demonstrate a subsequent and almost complete replacement of Lapita-Austronesian by Near Oceanian ancestry. Despite this massive demographic change, incoming Papuan languages did not replace Austronesian languages. Population replacement with language continuity is extremely rare-if not unprecedented-in human history. Our analyses show that rather than one large-scale event, the process was incremental and complex, with repeated migrations and sex-biased admixture with peoples from the Bismarck Archipelago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Posth
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Nägele
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Heidi Colleran
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
| | - Frédérique Valentin
- Maison de l'Archéologie et de l'Ethnologie, CNRS, UMR 7041, Nanterre, France
| | - Stuart Bedford
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kaitip W Kami
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Vanuatu Cultural Centre, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | | | - Hallie Buckley
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Kinaston
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mary Walworth
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Geoffrey R Clark
- Archaeology and Natural History, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Christian Reepmeyer
- College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Flexner
- Department of Archaeology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Maric
- Service de la Culture et du Patrimoine, Punaauia, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Johannes Moser
- Commission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures, German Archaeological Institute, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Gresky
- Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lawrence Kiko
- Solomon Islands National Museum, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Kathryn J Robson
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathryn Auckland
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Adrian V S Hill
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jana Zech
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Fiona Petchey
- Waikato Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, The University of Waikato , Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Choongwon Jeong
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Russell D Gray
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
| | - Adam Powell
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
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14
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Roberts P, Fernandes R, Craig OE, Larsen T, Lucquin A, Swift J, Zech J. Calling all archaeologists: guidelines for terminology, methodology, data handling, and reporting when undertaking and reviewing stable isotope applications in archaeology. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2018; 32:361-372. [PMID: 29235694 PMCID: PMC5838555 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis has been utilized in archaeology since the 1970s, yet standardized protocols for terminology, sampling, pretreatment evaluation, calibration, quality assurance and control, data presentation, and graphical or statistical treatment still remain lacking in archaeological applications. Here, we present recommendations and requirements for each of these in the archaeological context of: bulk stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of organics; bulk stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of carbonates; single compound stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis on amino acids in collagen and keratin; and single compound stable carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis on fatty acids. The protocols are based on recommendations from the Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) as well as an expanding geochemical and archaeological science experimental literature. We hope that this will provide a useful future reference for authors and reviewers engaging with the growing number of stable isotope applications and datasets in archaeology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roberts
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human HistoryKahlaische Str. 10D‐07745JenaGermany
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human HistoryKahlaische Str. 10D‐07745JenaGermany
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological ResearchDowning StCambridgeCB2 3ERUK
| | | | - Thomas Larsen
- Leibniz‐Laboratory for Isotope ResearchChristian‐Albrechts‐UniversitätD‐24118KielGermany
| | | | - Jillian Swift
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human HistoryKahlaische Str. 10D‐07745JenaGermany
| | - Jana Zech
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human HistoryKahlaische Str. 10D‐07745JenaGermany
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15
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Syed M, Zech J, Fischman A, Tabori N, Nowakowski F, Kim E, Lookstein R, Patel R. Effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation on spleen volume. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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16
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Scharf S, Zech J, Bursen A, Schraets D, Oliver PL, Kliem S, Pfitzner E, Gillert E, Dingermann T, Marschalek R. Transcription linked to recombination: a gene-internal promoter coincides with the recombination hot spot II of the human MLL gene. Oncogene 2006; 26:1361-71. [PMID: 16983345 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The MLL gene is frequently involved in chromosomal translocations associated with high-risk acute leukaemia. Infant and therapy-related acute leukaemia patients display chromosomal breakpoints preferentially clustered in the telomeric portion of the MLL breakpoint cluster region (SCII). Here, we demonstrate that SCII colocalizes with a gene-internal promoter element in the mouse and human MLL gene, respectively. The mRNA generated encodes an N-terminally truncated version of MLL that still exhibits many functional regions, including the C-terminal SET-domain. Etoposide-induced DNA double-strand breaks colocalize with the binding site of RNA polymerase II and the transcription initiation region, but not with a nearby Topo II consensus sequence. Thus, the observed genomic instability of the human MLL gene is presumably linked to transcriptional processes. The consequences of this novel finding for the creation of chromosomal translocations, the biology of the MLL protein and for MLL-mediated acute leukaemia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scharf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology/ZAFES, Biocenter, JWG-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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17
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Zech J, Herrmann KA, Dietrich O, Menzel MI, Reiser M, Schoenberg S. MR-Bildgebung der Leber mit diffusionsgewichteten Black-blood-EPI-Sequenzen: Vergleich mit einer Standard-T2-gewichteten Sequenz. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-867542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Wallnöfer WA, Herrmann KA, Beuers U, Zech J, Reiser M, Schoenberg S. Diagnostische Wertigkeit von 2D-single shot turbo Spinecho, rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement und 3D-turbo Spinecho Sequenzen mit paralleler Bildgebung in der MR-Cholangiopankreatographie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-867421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Zech J, Scharf S, Schraets D, Dingermann T, Marschalek R. Endogeneous DNA double strand breaks in the human and murine MLL gene. Klin Padiatr 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-828602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Cuevas-Lestienne C, Chiquet C, Zech J, Burillon C, Trepsat C, Denis P. [Neovascular glaucoma diagnosed following carotid endarterectomy]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2000; 23:599-602. [PMID: 10880927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of bilateral asymptomatic rebeosis iridis related to a bilateral obstruction of the carotid arteries. The iridocorneal angles were closed by a neovascular membrane and intraocular pressures were normal within both eyes (normotensive neovascular glaucoma). After left carotid endarterectomy, the increased perfusion of the ciliary body and the increased secretion of aqueous humor resulted in a sudden bilateral ocular hypertension. Management of ocular neovascularization related to carotid artery obstruction may involve the destruction of areas of retinal ishchemia (laser panretinal photocoagulation or cryotherapy) before carotid surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cuevas-Lestienne
- Clinique Ophtalmologique Universitaire, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon
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Born P, Zech J, Lehn H, Classen M, Lorenz R. Colonic bacterial activity determines the symptoms in people with fructose-malabsorption. Hepatogastroenterology 1995; 42:778-85. [PMID: 8847022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study was performed to find a parameter to discriminate symptomatic from asymptomatic subjects with fructose-malabsorption. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-four subjects (12 m, 22 f; average age, 28.6 years; range 16-60) were investigated after an overnight fast. After intake of 25 g fructose, H2-tests were carried out. Endexspiratory breath samples were taken before the ingestion of the tested sugar and at 30 minute intervals over a 2 hour period. Hydrogen determination was performed immediately after sampling. Results were considered pathological if there was a rise in hydrogen over 20 ppm and a twofold increase from the initial value. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures from stool bacteria were set and incubated with 0.5 g fructose. RESULTS Among 34 healthy controls, 13 malabsorbers (38%) were detected. Out of these malabsorbers, 6 (46%) reported gastrointestinal concomitant symptoms. Symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects with fructose-malabsorption showed a comparable increase in hydrogen levels. The disappearance rate of fructose in the stool cultures was significantly elevated in the symptomatic group compared with the asymptomatic, but only in the anaerobic culture. CONCLUSION This activity of colonic bacteria, significantly discriminating symptomatic subjects with fructose-malabsorption from asymptomatic, enhances the importance of fructose-malabsorption in the differential diagnosis of people with non-specific abdominal complaints. Antibiotic therapy in severe cases should be considered a therapeutical approach. Moreover these results may support the role of nutritional carbohydrates in the pathogenesis of colonic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Born
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München
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23
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Born P, Zech J, Stark M, Classen M, Lorenz R. [Carbohydrate substitutes: comparative study of intestinal absorption of fructose, sorbitol and xylitol]. Med Klin (Munich) 1994; 89:575-8. [PMID: 7815983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carbohydrate substitutes fructose, sorbitol and xylitol are gaining more and more importance in the production of dietary food. But they can provoke gastrointestinal side-effects. In a randomized double blind study the rate of malabsorption of these sugars was compared and the concomitant symptoms were recorded. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 25 healthy controls received 25 g of each sugar within 3 consecutive days. The intestinal absorption was determined by H2-exhalation tests and the clinical symptoms were recorded. RESULTS The rate of malabsorption was 84% for sorbitol, 36% for fructose and 12% for xylitol (p < 0.01 for sorbitol versus fructose and xylitol). 57% of the participants with pathological H2-test after sorbitol and 56% after fructose reported symptoms, while all of the 3 malabsorbers of xylitol were symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS There is an advantage to administering xylitol and fructose with regard to the intestinal absorption and concomitant symptoms as compared with sorbitol. H2-exhalation tests appear to be a reliable diagnostic tool to detect carbohydrate malabsorption and should find broader application in patients suffering from non-specific abdominal complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Born
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technischen Universität München
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24
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Zech H, Moschig M, Weiss P, Zech J. [Comparison of preparation techniques with reference to final spermatozoa concentration and survival and fertilization rate in vitro in normal and pathologic ejaculates]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1993; 53:715-20. [PMID: 8270156 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1023615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Various methods are available in the preparation of normal and pathological ejaculates within the framework of available techniques of assisted reproduction. The authors examined the recovery rate, the long-term motility and the fertilization rate in vitro after both normal and pathological test results, of preparations, using one of the three most commonly used techniques. Centrifugation with its resulting swim up (Z) is a method still widely used because of the good sperm recovery rate it produces. However, in our tests, it achieved the lowest level capacity, compared with sperm separation by migration/sedimentation, with resultant swim up (M) and Percoll gradient centrifugation (P). The statistically highly significant fast decline of motility after preparation by Z, compared with the other two above mentioned techniques, in both normal and pathological ejaculates is a further indication, that Z has a negative influence upon the integrity of the spermatozoa. The results of research submitted here suggest the abandonment of Z in its standard form in favour of other techniques. After normal test results, both M and P might be used, but in the case of pathological ejaculate, P would be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zech
- Institut für In-vitro-Fertillisierung und Embryo-Transfer, Bregenz
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25
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Zech H, Weiss P, Fritzsche H, Zech J, Daxenbichler G. [Steroid and protein hormone concentrations in serum and follicular fluid after stimulation for in vitro fertilization]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1992; 52:483-6. [PMID: 1397945 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1023794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixty patients with tubal infertility were stimulated for IVF with a fixed schedule consisting of clomiphene and pure follicle stimulating hormone. They responded with an optimal estradiol increase and 2 to 4 embryos were transferred. Conception cycles (n = 17) could be differentiated from non-conception cycles (n = 43) by serum estradiol, serum progesterone, the serum progesterone/estradiol-ratio and serum LH concentrations. Testosterone, androstenedione and FSH in serum and follicular fluid showed no significant relation to a possible therapy outcome. We conclude from our findings, that, during the peri-implantation period, certain LH patterns followed by an optimal progesterone/estradiol-ratio in the serum support an embryo survival after transfer to the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zech
- Institut für In-Vitro-Fertilisierung und Embryo-Transfer, Bregenz
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26
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Böttger T, Menke H, Zech J, Junginger T. [Risks and follow-up of choledocho-jejunostomy for nonresectable cancers of the head of the pancreas. A prospective study]. Chirurg 1992; 63:416-20. [PMID: 1376656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In 44 patients with palliative operative procedures due to non-resectable pancreatic cancer the preoperative risk factors and the intra- and postoperative course as well as the long-term results were prospectively investigated. Postoperatively 2 patients developed severe complications and 3 patients died. The median survival time was 5 months. The results of this investigation show, that the biliodigestive anastomosis offers a good palliation in patients with non-resectable pancreatic cancer. Indication for non-operative palliative procedure are patients in poor general condition with a life expectance of less than 4 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Böttger
- Klinik und Poliklinik, Allgemein- und Abdominalchirurgie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
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27
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Lechner W, Artner-Dworzak E, Zech J, Sidoroff A, Gedik A, Schoner W. [Neuron-specific enolase in newborn infants with and without pathology]. Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch 1992; 32 Suppl 1:156. [PMID: 1286335 DOI: 10.1159/000271992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Lechner
- Univers.-Klinik f. Frauenheilk. Innsbruck
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28
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Böttger T, Zech J, Weber W, Sorger K, Junginger T. Relevant factors in the prognosis of ductal pancreatic carcinoma. Acta Chir Scand 1990; 156:781-8. [PMID: 1706125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Because it is important to assess relevant prognostic factors when deciding which patients will profit from pancreatic resection and which will not, 484 patients with ductal pancreatic carcinoma who were operated on between 1 January 1978 and 31 December 1987 in the Department of General and Abdominal Surgery of Mainz Medical School were studied retrospectively. Prognostically favourable factors were: a history of 8 weeks or less, the presence of jaundice, the absence of back pain, a well to moderately differentiated carcinoma, a tumour less than 3 cm in diameter, a preoperative CA19-19 value of less than 400 U/ml, and no sign of lymph node metastases or other metastatic spread. Only 19 patients (3.9%) satisfied these criteria. Our objective is to now check these results in a prospective study with a larger number of patients and, in addition, to compare the quality of life of patients who were treated by resection with that of those who received palliative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Böttger
- In and Outpatient Clinic of General and Abdominal Surgery, Mainz Medical School, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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29
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Zech J, Tasman A, Maier H. [Angioneurotic edema of the tongue, induced by administration of ACE inhibitors]. HNO 1990; 38:143-4. [PMID: 2193006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme can rarely cause an angioneurotic edema of the upper airways. This complication depends on the interaction with hormones regulating the vascular resistance such as the kallikrein kinin and the prostaglandin systems. We present two cases of angioneurotic edema of the tongue induced by inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme. We describe the symptoms of this side effect and discuss possible therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zech
- Universitäts-HNO-Klinik Heidelberg
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30
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Böttger T, Zech J, Weber W, Sorger K, Junginger T. [Prognostically relevant factors in cancer of Vater's ampulla]. Langenbecks Arch Chir 1989; 374:358-62. [PMID: 2557499 DOI: 10.1007/bf01262815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the relevant factors for prognosis for patients with cancer of Vater's papilla our own patient material between 1. 1. 1978 and 31. 12. 1987 was studied retrospectively. The influence of age, sex, duration of anamnesis, tumor size, tumor morphology and tumor stage on the prognosis were analyzed in 32 patients with cancer of Vater's papilla. The 5 year survival rate after Whipple procedure was 56.1%. Statistically significant factors for prognosis were tumor size, lymph node metastases and tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Böttger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein- und Abdominalchirurgie, Mainz
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31
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Böttger T, Zech J, Weber W, Sorger K, Junginger T. [Prognostically relevant factors in ductal pancreatic cancer]. Chirurg 1989; 60:521-8. [PMID: 2551604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Prognosis of patients with pancreatic carcinoma is bad. Less than 1% of all patients and even after pancreas resection only 10% survive more than 5 years. To evaluate the factors which influence the prognosis we analyzed retrospectively all patients who were operated on a pancreas cancer (n = 484) from January 1, 1978 to December 31, 1987. Age, sex, perineural invasion and lymphangiosis carcinomatosa had no prognostic influence. The duration of symptoms, degree of cellular differentiation, tumor size, preoperative level of the tumor associated antigen CA-19-9, nodal involvement and stage were statistically significant for prognosis. R1 and R2-resections had no better prognosis than other palliative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Böttger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein- und Abdominalchirurgie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
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Abstract
In search for a new tocolytic agent we investigated felodipine, a calmodulin-antagonizing drug. Felodipine reduced the spontaneous activity of 22 uterine strips taken from the uterus in the course of a cesarean section to 52 +/- 12% (mean +/- SEM) after 10 min, to 20 +/- 7% after 20 min and to 12 +/- 4% after 60 min (P less than 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lechner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Marth C, Zech J, Böck G, Mayer I, Daxenbichler G. Effects of retinoids and interferon-gamma on cultured breast cancer cells in comparison with tumor necrosis factor alpha. Int J Cancer 1987; 40:840-5. [PMID: 2826339 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910400623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The combination of retinoic acid or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) with interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) resulted in a synergistic amplification of the anti-proliferative effect of IFN-gamma on cultured breast cancer cells. Retinoic acid could be replaced by other biologically active retinoids. This synergism was also observed for the induction of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate-synthetase, an enzyme which is not expressed constitutively on BT-20 human breast cancer cells and not inducible by retinoic acid or TNF-alpha alone. However, both substances augmented the IFN-gamma-mediated expression. On the other hand, only TNF-alpha and not retinoic acid was able to increase the IFN-gamma induced expression of HLA-DR on the cell surface. Both cytokines antagonized the IFN-gamma effect on detachability of cultured BT-20 cells. The combinations of retinoic acid with IFN-gamma increased the down-regulation of specific binding sites for 125I-IFN-gamma. On the other hand, IFN-gamma exerted no effect on the concentration of the cytoplasmic binding protein for retinoic acid. Data obtained in this study demonstrate a different pattern of action between retinoic acid and TNF-alpha regarding their synergism in combination with IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Austria
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Marth C, Gastl G, Zech J, Zilla P, Mayer I, Fasol R, Huber C, Daxenbichler G. Characterization of an interferon-resistant mutant of the human breast cancer cell line BT-20. J Interferon Res 1987; 7:195-202. [PMID: 3112248 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1987.7.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The human breast cancer cells BT-20 were treated for 18 months in the continuous presence of interferon-gamma (HuIFN-gamma; 500 U/ml). These cells have become completely resistant to HuIFN-gamma and interestingly also to IFN-alpha 2. However, the expression of HLA-DR and the regulation of cell adhesion to tissue culture plastic remained partially under the domain of HuIFN-gamma. A reduced number of IFN-gamma binding sites in comparison to the wild-type cells were observed on the IFN-resistant BT-20 cells.
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Abstract
Specimens of saliva were obtained from 106 women with normal pregnancies and from 42 women, whose children turned out to small for dates (birthweight below the 10th centile). Saliva estriol was highly significantly (P less than 0.0001) decreased in the group with a newborn with a birthweight below the 10th centile (500 +/- 340 ng/ml, mean +/- SD) when compared with the group with infants whose birthweight was over the 10th centile (813 +/- 449 ng/ml). Estriol determination in saliva seems to be a simple, non invasive method of aiding the detection of fetal growth retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lechner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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