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Carbillet J, Rey B, Palme R, Monestier C, Börger L, Lavabre T, Maublanc ML, Cebe N, Rames JL, Le Loc'h G, Wasniewski M, Rannou B, Gilot-Fromont E, Verheyden H. Covariation between glucocorticoids, behaviour and immunity supports the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis: an experimental approach. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220464. [PMID: 35611533 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomedical literature has consistently highlighted that long-term elevation of glucocorticoids might impair immune functions. However, patterns are less clear in wild animals. Here, we re-explored the stress-immunity relationship considering the potential effects of behavioural profiles. Thirteen captive roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) were monitored over an eight-week period encompassing two capture events. We assessed how changes in baseline faecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) concentrations following a standardized capture protocol and an immune challenge using anti-rabies vaccination affected changes in 13 immune parameters of innate and adaptive immunity, and whether these changes in baseline FCM levels and immune parameters related to behavioural profiles. We found that individuals with increased baseline FCM levels also exhibited increased immunity and were characterized by more reactive behavioural profiles (low activity levels, docility to manipulation and neophilia). Our results suggest that the immunity of large mammals may be influenced by glucocorticoids, but also behavioural profiles, as it is predicted by the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis. Our results highlight the need to consider covariations between behaviour, immunity and glucocorticoids in order to improve our understanding of the among-individual variability in the stress-immunity relationships observed in wildlife, as they may be underpinned by different life-history strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Carbillet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet Tolosan 31326, France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Benjamin Rey
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | | | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Typhaine Lavabre
- Equipe de Biologie médicale-Histologie, CREFRE, Inserm-UPS-ENVT, Toulouse, France.,Inovie Vet, Laboratoire d'Analyses et Biologie Vétérinaires, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nicolas Cebe
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Jean-Luc Rames
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet Tolosan 31326, France
| | | | | | - Benoit Rannou
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Verheyden
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet Tolosan 31326, France
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Lebert I, Agoulon A, Bastian S, Butet A, Cargnelutti B, Cèbe N, Chastagner A, Léger E, Lourtet B, Masseglia S, McCoy KD, Merlet J, Noël V, Perez G, Picot D, Pion A, Poux V, Rames JL, Rantier Y, Verheyden H, Vourc'h G, Plantard O. Distribution of ticks, tick-borne pathogens and the associated local environmental factors including small mammals and livestock, in two French agricultural sites: the OSCAR database. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e50123. [PMID: 32431559 PMCID: PMC7217980 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e50123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Europe, ticks are major vectors of both human and livestock pathogens (e.g. Lyme disease, granulocytic anaplasmosis, bovine babesiosis). Agricultural landscapes, where animal breeding is a major activity, constitute a mosaic of habitat types of various quality for tick survival and are used at different frequencies by wild and domestic hosts across seasons. This habitat heterogeneity, in time and space, conditions the dynamics of these host-vector-pathogen systems and thus drives acarological risk (defined as the density of infected ticks). The principal objective of the OSCAR project (2011-2016) was to examine the links between this heterogeneity and acarological risk for humans and their domestic animals. Here, we present the data associated with this project. New information This paper reports a database on the distribution and densities of I. ricinus ticks - the most common tick species in French agricultural landscapes - and the prevalence of three tick-borne pathogens (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia spp. and Babesia spp.) in two sites in north-western ("Zone Atelier Armorique": ZA site) and south-western ("Vallées et Coteaux de Gascogne": VG site) France. The distribution and density of ticks along a gradient of wooded habitats, as well as biotic variables, such as the presence and abundance of their principal domestic (livestock) and wild hosts (small mammals), were measured from forest cores and edges to more or less isolated hedges, all bordering meadows. Ticks, small mammals and information on local environmental conditions were collected along 90 transects in each of the two sites in spring and autumn 2012 and 2013 and in spring 2014, corresponding to the main periods of tick activity. Local environmental conditions were recorded along each tick and small mammal transect: habitat type, vegetation type and characteristics, slope and traces of livestock presence. Samples consisted of questing ticks collected on the vegetation (mainly I. ricinus nymphs), biopsies of captured small mammals and ticks fixed on small mammals. In the VG site, livestock occurrence and abundance were recorded each week along each tick transect.A total of 29004 questing ticks and 1230 small mammals were captured during the study across the two sites and over the five field campaigns. All questing nymphs (N = 12287) and questing adults (N = 646) were identified to species. Ticks from small mammals (N = 1359) were also identified to life stage. Questing nymphs (N = 4518 I. ricinus) and trapped small mammals (N = 908) were analysed for three pathogenic agents: A. phagocytophilum, Borrelia spp. and Babesia spp.In the VG site, the average prevalence in I. ricinus nymphs for A. phagocytophilum, Borrelia spp. and Babesia spp. were, respectively 1.9% [95% CI: 1.2-2.5], 2.5% [95% CI: 1.8-3.2] and 2.7% [95% CI: 2.0-3.4]. In small mammals, no A. phagocytophilum was detected, but the prevalence for Borrelia spp. was 4.2% [95% CI: 0.9-7.5]. On this site, there was no screening of small mammals for Babesia spp. In ZA site, the average prevalence in nymphs for A. phagocytophilum, Borrelia spp. and Babesia were, respectively 2.2% [95% CI: 1.6-2.7], 3.0% [95% CI: 2.3-3.6] and 3.1% [95% CI: 2.5-3.8]. In small mammals, the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum and Borrelia spp. were, respectively 6.9% [95% CI: 4.9-8.9] and 4.1% [95% CI: 2.7-5.9]. A single animal was found positive for Babesia microti at this site amongst the 597 tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lebert
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle France
| | - Albert Agoulon
- INRAE, BIOEPAR, Oniris, F-44307, Nantes, France INRAE, BIOEPAR, Oniris F-44307, Nantes France
| | - Suzanne Bastian
- INRAE, BIOEPAR, Oniris, F-44307, Nantes, France INRAE, BIOEPAR, Oniris F-44307, Nantes France
| | - Alain Butet
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, 35000 Rennes, France Université Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553 35000 Rennes France
| | - Bruno Cargnelutti
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRAE F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Nicolas Cèbe
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRAE F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Amélie Chastagner
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle France
| | - Elsa Léger
- MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier-CNRS-IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier-CNRS-IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis 34394 Montpellier France
| | - Bruno Lourtet
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRAE F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Sébastien Masseglia
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle France
| | - Karen D McCoy
- MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier-CNRS-IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier-CNRS-IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis 34394 Montpellier France
| | - Joël Merlet
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRAE F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Valérie Noël
- MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier-CNRS-IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier-CNRS-IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis 34394 Montpellier France
| | - Grégoire Perez
- INRAE, BIOEPAR, Oniris, F-44307, Nantes, France INRAE, BIOEPAR, Oniris F-44307, Nantes France.,Université Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, 35000 Rennes, France Université Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553 35000 Rennes France
| | - Denis Picot
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRAE F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Angélique Pion
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle France
| | - Valérie Poux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle France
| | - Jean-Luc Rames
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRAE F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Yann Rantier
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, 35000 Rennes, France Université Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553 35000 Rennes France
| | - Hélène Verheyden
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRAE F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Gwenael Vourc'h
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle France
| | - Olivier Plantard
- INRAE, BIOEPAR, Oniris, F-44307, Nantes, France INRAE, BIOEPAR, Oniris F-44307, Nantes France
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