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Cheon H, Xing JC, Moosic KB, Ung J, Chan VW, Chung DS, Toro MF, Elghawy O, Wang JS, Hamele CE, Hardison RC, Olson TL, Tan SF, Feith DJ, Ratan A, Loughran TP. Genomic landscape of TCRαβ and TCRγδ T-large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Blood 2022; 139:3058-3072. [PMID: 35015834 PMCID: PMC9121841 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia comprises a group of rare lymphoproliferative disorders whose molecular landscape is incompletely defined. We leveraged paired whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing in the largest LGL leukemia cohort to date, which included 105 patients (93 T-cell receptor αβ [TCRαβ] T-LGL and 12 TCRγδ T-LGL). Seventy-six mutations were observed in 3 or more patients in the cohort, and out of those, STAT3, KMT2D, PIK3R1, TTN, EYS, and SULF1 mutations were shared between both subtypes. We identified ARHGAP25, ABCC9, PCDHA11, SULF1, SLC6A15, DDX59, DNMT3A, FAS, KDM6A, KMT2D, PIK3R1, STAT3, STAT5B, TET2, and TNFAIP3 as recurrently mutated putative drivers using an unbiased driver analysis approach leveraging our whole-exome cohort. Hotspot mutations in STAT3, PIK3R1, and FAS were detected, whereas truncating mutations in epigenetic modifying enzymes such as KMT2D and TET2 were observed. Moreover, STAT3 mutations co-occurred with mutations in chromatin and epigenetic modifying genes, especially KMT2D and SETD1B (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). STAT3 was mutated in 50.5% of the patients. Most common Y640F STAT3 mutation was associated with lower absolute neutrophil count values, and N647I mutation was associated with lower hemoglobin values. Somatic activating mutations (Q160P, D170Y, L287F) in the STAT3 coiled-coil domain were characterized. STAT3-mutant patients exhibited increased mutational burden and enrichment of a mutational signature associated with increased spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine. Finally, gene expression analysis revealed enrichment of interferon-γ signaling and decreased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling for STAT3-mutant patients. These findings highlight the clinical and molecular heterogeneity of this rare disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- HeeJin Cheon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jeffrey C Xing
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Katharine B Moosic
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Johnson Ung
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Vivian W Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - David S Chung
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Mariella F Toro
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Omar Elghawy
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - John S Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Cait E Hamele
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ross C Hardison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Thomas L Olson
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - David J Feith
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; and
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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Xing JC, Li H, Zhang ZQ, Chen ZT. Design and optical performance research of a fully customizable collimating lens based on total internal reflection. Appl Opt 2022; 61:3679-3686. [PMID: 36256408 DOI: 10.1364/ao.447347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An optical design method of a fully customizable collimating lens is proposed. The initial model of the complete lens is constructed by two parts. One part is calculated by the total internal reflection algorithm; the other part is constructed by trial-and-error method. The lens is further optimized by normal vector correction and high- and low-angle compensation. The optical performance of the fully customizable collimating lens is studied. It is proven to have good collimation performance with a divergence angle of 1.8° at 50% of the maximum luminous intensity; the uniformity is as high as 98.4%.
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Olson TL, Cheon H, Xing JC, Olson KC, Paila U, Hamele CE, Neelamraju Y, Shemo BC, Schmachtenberg M, Sundararaman SK, Toro MF, Keller CA, Farber EA, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Garrett-Bakelman FE, Hardison RC, Feith DJ, Ratan A, Loughran TP. Frequent somatic TET2 mutations in chronic NK-LGL leukemia with distinct patterns of cytopenias. Blood 2021; 138:662-673. [PMID: 33786584 PMCID: PMC8394905 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic natural killer large granular lymphocyte (NK-LGL) leukemia, also referred to as chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK cells, is a rare disorder defined by prolonged expansion of clonal NK cells. Similar prevalence of STAT3 mutations in chronic T-LGL and NK-LGL leukemia is suggestive of common pathogenesis. We undertook whole-genome sequencing to identify mutations unique to NK-LGL leukemia. The results were analyzed to develop a resequencing panel that was applied to 58 patients. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway gene mutations (PIK3CD/PIK3AP1) and TNFAIP3 mutations were seen in 5% and 10% of patients, respectively. TET2 was exceptional in that mutations were present in 16 (28%) of 58 patient samples, with evidence that TET2 mutations can be dominant and exclusive to the NK compartment. Reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing revealed that methylation patterns were significantly altered in TET2 mutant samples. The promoter of TET2 and that of PTPRD, a negative regulator of STAT3, were found to be methylated in additional cohort samples, largely confined to the TET2 mutant group. Mutations in STAT3 were observed in 19 (33%) of 58 patient samples, 7 of which had concurrent TET2 mutations. Thrombocytopenia and resistance to immunosuppressive agents were uniquely observed in those patients with only TET2 mutation (Games-Howell post hoc test, P = .0074; Fisher's exact test, P = .00466). Patients with STAT3 mutation, inclusive of those with TET2 comutation, had lower hematocrit, hemoglobin, and absolute neutrophil count compared with STAT3 wild-type patients (Welch's t test, P ≤ .015). We present the discovery of TET2 mutations in chronic NK-LGL leukemia and evidence that it identifies a unique molecular subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - HeeJin Cheon
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jeffrey C Xing
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Kristine C Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Umadevi Paila
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; VA
| | - Cait E Hamele
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yaseswini Neelamraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Bryna C Shemo
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Matt Schmachtenberg
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Shriram K Sundararaman
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Mariella F Toro
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Cheryl A Keller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA; and
| | - Emily A Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; VA
| | | | - Francine E Garrett-Bakelman
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ross C Hardison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA; and
| | - David J Feith
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; VA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
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LeBlanc FR, Pearson JM, Tan SF, Cheon H, Xing JC, Dunton W, Feith DJ, Loughran TP. Sphingosine kinase-2 is overexpressed in large granular lymphocyte leukaemia and promotes survival through Mcl-1. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:405-417. [PMID: 32124438 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolism is increasingly recognised as a therapeutic target in cancer due to its regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The sphingolipid rheostat is proposed to control cell fate through maintaining balance between pro-apoptotic and pro-survival sphingolipids. This balance is regulated by metabolising enzymes involved in sphingolipid production. One such enzyme, sphingosine kinase-2 (SPHK2), produces pro-survival sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) by phosphorylation of pro-apoptotic sphingosine. Elevated SPHK2 has been found in multiple cancer types and contributes to cell survival, chemotherapeutic resistance and apoptosis resistance. We have previously shown elevation of S1P in large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukaemia serum and cells isolated from patients. Here, we examined SPHK2 expression in LGL leukaemia and found SPHK2 mRNA and protein upregulation in a majority of LGL leukaemia patient samples. Knockdown of SPHK2 with siRNA in LGL leukaemia cell lines decreased proliferation. Additionally, the use of ABC294640 or K145, both SPHK2-specific inhibitors, decreased viability of LGL leukaemia cell lines. ABC294640 selectively induced apoptosis in LGL cell lines and freshly isolated LGL leukaemia patient cells compared to normal controls. Mechanistically, SPHK2 inhibition downregulated pro-survival myeloid cell leukaemia-1 (Mcl-1) protein through proteasomal degradation. Targeting of SPHK2 therefore provides a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of LGL leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis R LeBlanc
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Pearson
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - HeeJin Cheon
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Xing
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wendy Dunton
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David J Feith
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Moosic KB, Paila U, Olson KC, Dziewulska K, Wang TT, Xing JC, Ratan A, Feith DJ, Loughran TP, Olson TL. Genomics of LGL leukemia and select other rare leukemia/lymphomas. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2019; 32:196-206. [PMID: 31585620 PMCID: PMC6779335 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Genomic analysis of cancer offers the hope of identifying new treatments or aiding in the selection of existing treatments. Rare leukemias pose additional challenges in this regard as samples may be hard to acquire and when found the underlying pathway may not be attractive to drug development since so few individuals are affected. In this case, it can be useful to identify common mutational overlap among subsets of rare leukemias to increase the number of individuals that may benefit from a targeted therapy. This chapter examines the current mutational landscape of large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia with a focus on STAT3 mutations, the most common mutation in LGL leukemia to date. We examined the linkage between these mutations and autoimmune symptoms and disorders, in cases of obvious and suspected LGL leukemia. We then summarized and compared mutations in a set of other rare leukemias that also have JAK/STAT signaling pathway activation brought about by genomic changes. These include T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), select peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Though STAT3 activation is common in these leukemias, the way in which it is achieved, such as the activating cytokine pathway and/or the co-mutational background, is quite diverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine B Moosic
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Pathology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Umadevi Paila
- Center for Public Health Genomics, MSB-6111A, West Complex, 1335 Lee Street, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Kristine C Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Karolina Dziewulska
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Pathology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - T Tiffany Wang
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Xing
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, MSB-6131F, West Complex, 1300 JPA, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - David J Feith
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Thomas L Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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Duan B, Chen B, Huang HC, Liu RF, Wang HQ, Zheng JX, Zeng YK, Xing JC. [Clinical research about needle-tract assisted standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of complicated upper urinary tract calculi]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 56:768-771. [PMID: 30369159 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of needle-tract assisted standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for the treatment of complicated upper urinary tract calculi. Methods: The clinical data of 1 562 patients with complicated upper urinary calculi who received standard PCNL from December 2013 to December 2017 at Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were retrospectively analyzed. There were large residual stones in 256 patients through B-ultrasound exploration after standard PCNL, could't be detected with nephoscope in standard PCNL tracts. 16 F mini PCNL tract were established in 120 cases for treatment of residual stones, while needle-tract were established in order to guide nephroscope to find residual stones in 126 cases. Needle-tract were transferred to 16 F mini PCNL tract for treatment of residual stones in 10 patients if these residual stones could't be detected through needle-tract. Operation time, change of hemoglobin level after operation, incidence of postoperative complications, time of hospitalization and rate of stone clearance were measured in two groups. The statistical methods used included t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and χ2 test. Results: There were 1 to 3 mini tracts (M(QR): 1(1)) established in the mini tracts group and 1 to 7 needle-tracts (M(QR): 3(2)) established in the needle-tract group (Z=-10.57, P=0.000). Compared with mini tract group, the operation time ((62.0±18.0) minutes vs. (84.0±15.5) minutes, t=10.242, P=0.000), hospitalization time ((4.40±0.86) days vs. (5.20±0.81) days, t=7.570, P=0.049), hemoglobin dropped ((1.31±0.47) g/L vs. (2.74±0.63) g/L, t=20.12, P=0.000), and incidence of postoperative complications (7.9% (10/126) vs. 19.2% (23/120), χ2=6.674, P=0.01) of needle-tract group were lower, while postoperative stone clearance rate was higher (89.7% vs. 76.7%, χ2=7.497, P=0.006). No perioperative severe complications such as pleural injury, pneumatothorax, perforation of renal, trauma of abdominal organ occurred in two groups. Conclusion: Needle-tract assisted standard PCNL for the treatment of complicated upper urinary calculi can significantly improve stone clearance rate, reduce operation time, decrease risk of kidney and surrounding organs damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Duan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
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Xing JC, Tufano RP, Murugan AK, Liu D, Wand G, Ladenson PW, Xing M, Trink B. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs17849071 G/T in the PIK3CA gene is inversely associated with follicular thyroid cancer and PIK3CA amplification. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185308 PMCID: PMC3504026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogene PIK3CA has been well studied for its activating mutations and genomic amplifications but not single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in thyroid cancer. We investigated SNP rs17849071 (minor allele G and major allele T) in PIK3CA in thyroid tumors in 503 subjects by PCR and sequencing of a region of intron 9 carrying this SNP. This SNP was found in both normal and thyroid tumor tissues as well as in different generations of a studied family, confirming it to be a germline genetic event in thyroid tumor patients. In comparison with normal subjects, a dramatically lower prevalence of the heterozygous genotype G/T at rs17849071 was found in patients with follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Specifically, rs17849071G/T was found in 15% (18/117) normal subjects vs. 1.3% (1/77) FTC patients, with an odds ratio of 0.07 (95% CI 0.01–0.55; P = 0.001). This represents a 93% risk reduction for FTC with this SNP. In contrast, no difference was seen with benign thyroid neoplasms in which the prevalence of rs17849071G/T was 13.1% (17/130), with an odds ratio of 0.83 (95% CI 0.40–1.69; P = 0.72). There was a trend of lower prevalences of rs17849071G/T and odds ratio in other types of thyroid cancer without statistical significance. We also found an interesting inverse relationship of rs17849071G/T with PIK3CA amplification. With copy number ≥4 defined as copy gain, 2.9% (1/34) rs17849071G/T vs. 19.0% (67/352) rs17849071T/T cases displayed PIK3CA amplification (P = 0.01). Conversely, 1.5% (1/68) cases with PIK3CA amplification vs. 10.4% (33/318) cases without PIK3CA amplification harbored rs17849071G/T (P = 0.01). This provides an explanation for the reciprocal relationship of rs17849071G/T with FTC, since PIK3CA amplification is an important oncogenic mechanism in thyroid cancer, particularly FTC. Thus, the present study uncovers an interesting phenomenon that rs17849071G/T is protective against FTC possibly through preventing PIK3CA amplifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ralph P. Tufano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dingxie Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gary Wand
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul W. Ladenson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mingzhao Xing
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barry Trink
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Zhang KY, Xing JC, Chen BS, Liu CX, Lau HW, Sim HG, Foo KT. Bipolar plasmakinetic transurethral resection of the prostate vs. transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate: pre- and postoperative comparisons of parameters used in assessing benign prostatic enlargement. Singapore Med J 2011; 52:747-687514. [PMID: 22009396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate (TUERP) may offer a better treatment for benign prostatic enlargement. We compared the perioperative parameters and outcome following bipolar plasmakinetic transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and TUERP. METHODS Data from two independent institutions were reviewed retrospectively. 50 and 45 consecutive patients were enrolled in the TURP and TUERP groups, respectively. Pre- and postoperative parameters, including prostatic specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume (PV), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) score, uroflowmetry and prostate volume (PV), were compared. RESULTS Age at surgery, preoperative PSA (5.8 +/- 4.0 versus 7.6 +/- 5.9 ng/ml) and PV (55.8 +/- 31.6 versus 53.2 +/- 26.8 g) showed no significant difference (p-value greater than 0.05). However, postoperative PSA (2.8 +/- 3.0 versus 0.8 +/- 0.4 ng/ml; p-value less than 0.05) and PV (15.2 +/- 7.7 versus 10.5 +/- 5.4 g; p-value less than 0.01) differed significantly between the TURP and TUERP groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in IPSS, QOL and Qmax between the two groups during follow-up (p-value is 0.62, 0.68 and 0.13, respectively). However, for the TUERP group, the postoperative post-void residual urine volume (PVR) was significantly better (13.8 +/- 19.5 versus 25.2 +/- 18.7 ml; p-value less than 0.01). CONCLUSION The TUERP technique achieved more complete resection than TURP, with a smaller post procedure PV and lower PSA and PVR after surgery. This may predict better long-term results for patients who had TUERP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiamen First Hospital, Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, 55 Zhenhai Lu, Siming District, Xiamen 361003, China
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Vasko V, Hu S, Wu G, Xing JC, Larin A, Savchenko V, Trink B, Xing M. High prevalence and possible de novo formation of BRAF mutation in metastasized papillary thyroid cancer in lymph nodes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:5265-9. [PMID: 15998781 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The role of the T1799A BRAF mutation in lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is not clear. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to explore the relationship between BRAF mutation and lymph node metastasis of PTC by examining the mutation in both the primary tumors and their paired lymph node metastases. DESIGN We isolated genomic DNA from primary thyroid tumors and paired lymph node metastases and performed direct sequencing of exon 15 of the BRAF gene mutation that carries the T1799A mutation. RESULTS In a series of 33 cases, 21 harbored the T1799A mutation in the primary tumors, and 17 (81%) of them harbored the same mutation also in the paired lymph node metastases. Twelve cases did not harbor the T1799A mutation in the primary tumors, among which nine cases also did not harbor BRAF mutation in the lymph node-metastasized tumors, whereas the other three did harbor the T1799A mutation in lymph node-metastasized tumor tissues. A novel tandem TG1799-1800AA mutation within one allele was found in a lymph node-metastasized tumor but not in the primary tumor. This mutation results in the change of codon 600 (GTG) of the gene to GAA with the consequent amino acid change (V600E) in the B-type Raf (BRAF) protein, same as that caused by the T1799A mutation alone. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of BRAF mutation in lymph node-metastasized PTC tissues from BRAF mutation-positive primary tumors and the possible de novo formation of BRAF mutation in lymph node-metastasized PTC were consistent with a role of BRAF mutation in facilitating the metastasis and progression of PTC in lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Vasko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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