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Sarangi S, Minaeva O, Ledoux DM, Parsons DS, Moncaster JA, Black CA, Hollander J, Tripodis Y, Clark JI, Hunter DG, Goldstein LE. In vivo quasi-elastic light scattering detects molecular changes in the lenses of adolescents with Down syndrome. Exp Eye Res 2024; 241:109818. [PMID: 38422787 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder in humans. DS is associated with increased prevalence of several ocular sequelae, including characteristic blue-dot cerulean cataract. DS is accompanied by age-dependent accumulation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and amyloid pathology in the brain and comorbid early-onset Aβ amyloidopathy and colocalizing cataracts in the lens. Quasi-elastic light scattering (QLS) is an established optical technique that noninvasively measures changes in protein size distributions in the human lens in vivo. In this cross-sectional study, lenticular QLS correlation time was decreased in adolescent subjects with DS compared to age-matched control subjects. Clinical QLS was consistent with alterations in relative particle hydrodynamic radius in lenses of adolescents with DS. These correlative results suggest that noninvasive QLS can be used to evaluate molecular changes in the lenses of individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikant Sarangi
- Molecular Aging & Development Laboratory, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olga Minaeva
- Molecular Aging & Development Laboratory, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle M Ledoux
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas S Parsons
- Molecular Aging & Development Laboratory, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliet A Moncaster
- Molecular Aging & Development Laboratory, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin A Black
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John I Clark
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David G Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee E Goldstein
- Molecular Aging & Development Laboratory, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Peacock W, Daniels L, Headdon G, Diercks D, Hiestand B, Hollander J, Kosowsky J, Nowak R, Vilke G, Than M. 98 HEART, EDACS, and TIMI: Little Value After High-Sensitivity Troponin Testing. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jacob R, Hoang K, Graham J, Hollander J, Shoar S, Madjid M. QUALITY CONTROL ANALYSIS OF TOTAL HEPARIN DOSE NEEDED FOR ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (STEMI) CORONARY INTERVENTIONS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(21)02592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Berglund E, Fogelberg V, Nilsson PA, Hollander J. Microplastics in a freshwater mussel (Anodonta anatina) in Northern Europe. Sci Total Environ 2019; 697:134192. [PMID: 32380629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alarming amounts of microplastics have recently been shown to accumulate in the environment. Recent focus has been on synthetic material contaminating the marine environment, while effects on freshwater habitats and organisms have received less attention. We here confirm and analyse occurrence of microplastics in the duck mussel, Anodonta anatina, in a Swedish river. All analysed mussels contained microplastics, and the number of microplastic debris found in the mussels increased with mussel size. In addition, we demonstrate higher concentrations of microplastics downstream urban areas with wastewater treatment plants compared to a rural upstream location. Both fibres and particles were found in the mussels, indicating that the emissions of these pollutants may have varying origin. Our study indicates that microplastics can be suspended in the water column in streams and that concentrations are higher downstream anthropogenic activity. We discuss our results in light of potential pathways in rural versus surrounding arable land, and highlight a number of required research directions in the aquatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Berglund
- Department of Biology - Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - V Fogelberg
- Department of Biology - Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - P A Nilsson
- Department of Biology - Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; River Ecology and Management Research Group RivEM, Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
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Francis S, Limkakeng A, Zheng H, Parry B, Fermann G, Hollander J, Lovecchio F, Werner N, Schellong S, Kabrhel C. 12 Highly Elevated Quantitative D-Dimer Assay Values Increase the Likelihood of Venous Thromboembolism. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Peeler CE, Edmond JC, Hollander J, Alexander JK, Zurakowski D, Ullrich NJ, Manley PE, Heidary G. Visual and ocular motor outcomes in children with posterior fossa tumors. J AAPOS 2017; 21:375-379. [PMID: 28867398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the clinical characteristics and visual and ocular motor outcomes of a large cohort of pediatric patients treated for tumors of the posterior cranial fossa. METHODS The medical records of all patients with posterior fossa tumors evaluated by the ophthalmology services at two large tertiary care academic hospitals between 2005 and 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Data abstracted for each study patient included demographic information, presenting signs and symptoms, pathologic diagnosis, and results of the most recent ophthalmology examination. RESULTS A total of 139 patients were included. Visual outcomes were categorized as "good" (bilateral acuity of 20/20-20/40) in 101 patients (72.7%), "fair" (<20/40-20/200 in one or both eyes) in 12 patients (8.6%), or "poor" (<20/200 in one or both eyes) in 9 patients (6.5%). Patients with medulloblastoma and ependymoma had a significantly greater risk of a poor or fair visual outcome than those with juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (both P < 0.05), independent of age and sex. Thirty-two patients (23.0%) developed nystagmus, and 59 patients (42.4%) developed strabismus. Twenty-four patients (17.3%) underwent eye muscle surgery for persistent strabismus. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients had good visual outcomes, although ocular motor abnormalities were common. Tumor type was a significant risk factor for permanent vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crandall E Peeler
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Boston Medical Center, and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jane C Edmond
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Ophthalmology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jamie K Alexander
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Ophthalmology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole J Ullrich
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter E Manley
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gena Heidary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Peacock W, Baumann B, Davis T, Handy B, Jones C, Hollander J, Limkakeng A, Mehrotra A, Than M, Dinkel C, Ziegler A. 11 High-Sensitivity Troponin T Identifies Patients at Very Low Risk of Adverse Events. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Although migraine is less prevalent in older than in younger age groups, the absolute increase in the number of subjects in older age groups may lead to an increase in the total number of migraine patients. Consequently, more elderly migraine patients may seek medical attention. In this review, the epidemiology and clinical aspects of migraine in the age group of ≥60 years are summarized, with special attention to comorbidity. The review will focus on treatment choices in elderly migraine patients. These must be based on knowledge of mechanisms of physiological and pathological ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haan
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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9
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Bourdeau PE, Butlin RK, Brönmark C, Edgell TC, Hoverman JT, Hollander J. What can aquatic gastropods tell us about phenotypic plasticity? A review and meta-analysis. Heredity (Edinb) 2015. [PMID: 26219231 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been few attempts to synthesise the growing body of literature on phenotypic plasticity to reveal patterns and generalities about the extent and magnitude of plastic responses. Here, we conduct a review and meta-analysis of published literature on phenotypic plasticity in aquatic (marine and freshwater) gastropods, a common system for studying plasticity. We identified 96 studies, using pre-determined search terms, published between 1985 and November 2013. The literature was dominated by studies of predator-induced shell form, snail growth rates and life history parameters of a few model taxa, accounting for 67% of all studies reviewed. Meta-analyses indicated average plastic responses in shell thickness, shell shape, and growth and fecundity of freshwater species was at least three times larger than in marine species. Within marine gastropods, species with planktonic development had similar average plastic responses to species with benthic development. We discuss these findings in the context of the role of costs and limits of phenotypic plasticity and environmental heterogeneity as important constraints on the evolution of plasticity. We also consider potential publication biases and discuss areas for future research, indicating well-studied areas and important knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Bourdeau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - R K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield Western Bank, Sheffield, UK.,Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - C Brönmark
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, Sweden
| | - T C Edgell
- Stantec Consulting, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J T Hoverman
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J Hollander
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, Sweden
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Hollander J, Galindo J, Butlin RK. Selection on outlier loci and their association with adaptive phenotypes in Littorina saxatilis contact zones. J Evol Biol 2014; 28:328-37. [PMID: 25439395 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental issue in speciation research is to evaluate phenotypic variation and the genomics driving the evolution of reproductive isolation between sister taxa. Above all, hybrid zones are excellent study systems for researchers to examine the association of genetic differentiation, phenotypic variation and the strength of selection. We investigated two contact zones in the marine gastropod Littorina saxatilis and utilized landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis together with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to assess phenotypic and genomic divergence between ecotypes under divergent selection. From genetic markers, we calculated the cline width, linkage disequilibrium and the average effective selection on a locus. Additionally, we conducted an association analysis linking the outlier loci and phenotypic variation between ecotypes and show that a proportion of outlier loci are associated with key adaptive phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hollander
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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11
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Zambito J, Nichols C, Barnes K, Spooner H, Hollander J. Influence of Weight Loss on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function in the Mature Horse. Equine Vet J 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12267_91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Zambito
- West Virginia University; Morgantown WV United States
| | - C Nichols
- West Virginia University; Morgantown WV United States
| | - K Barnes
- West Virginia University; Morgantown WV United States
| | - H Spooner
- Middle Tennessee State University; Murfreesboro TN United States
| | - J Hollander
- West Virginia University; Morgantown WV United States
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12
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Hollander J, Smadja CM, Butlin RK, Reid DG. Genital divergence in sympatric sister snails. J Evol Biol 2012; 26:210-5. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Hollander
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - C. M. Smadja
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554; Montpellier France
| | - R. K. Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - D. G. Reid
- Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; London UK
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Peacock W, Diercks D, Hollander J, Singer A, Birkhahn R, Shapiro N, Arnold W, Noland B, Nagurney J. 184 Can Point of Care Be as Good as the Central Lab? Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Periyanayagam U, Pang P, Collins S, Hollander J, Nowak R, Storrow A, Miller C, Kirk J, Peacock W, Gheorghiade M. 187: The Effects of Standard Therapy on Dyspnea In Acute Heart Failure Syndromes: Results From the URGENT International Dyspnea Study. Ann Emerg Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.06.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Peacock W, Diercks D, Hollander J, Singer A, Birkhahn R, Shapiro N, Lewandrowski E, Nagurney J. 20: Can Point-of-Care Assays Deliver Lab Quality Accuracy? Ann Emerg Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kemppainen P, Panova M, Hollander J, Johannesson K. Complete lack of mitochondrial divergence between two species of NE Atlantic marine intertidal gastropods. J Evol Biol 2009; 22:2000-11. [PMID: 19678865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Some mitochondrial introgression is common between closely related species, but distinct species rarely show substantial introgression in their entire distribution range. In this study, however, we report a complete lack of mitochondrial divergence between two sympatric species of flat periwinkles (Littorina fabalis and Littorina obtusata) which, based on previous allozyme studies, diverged approximately 1 Ma. We re-examined their species status using both morphology (morphometric analysis) and neutral genetic markers (microsatellites) and our results confirmed that these species are well separated. Despite this, the two species shared all common cytochrome-b haplotypes throughout their NE Atlantic distribution and no deep split between typical L. fabalis and L. obtusata haplotypes could be found. We suggest that incomplete lineage sorting explains most of the lack of mitochondrial divergence between these species. However, coalescent-based analyses and the sympatric sharing of unique haplotypes suggest that introgressive hybridization also has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kemppainen
- Department of Marine Ecology-Tjärnö, Göteborg University, SE-45296, Strömstad, Sweden.
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Hollander J, Litt H, Brown A, Campbell C, McCusker C, Follansbee C, Baxt W. CT Coronary Angiography for Immediate Disposition of Emergency Department Patients with Low Risk Chest Pain. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chang AM, Mumma B, Sease K, Robey J, Shofer F, Hollander J. Gender Bias in Cardiovascular Testing Persists after Adjustment for Presenting Characteristics and Cardiac Risk. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hollander J, McCusker C, Sease K, Follansbee C, Campbell C, Shofer F. Combination of TIMI Risk Score and a Clear Cut Alternative Noncardiac Diagnosis for ED Chest Pain Patient Risk Stratification. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hollander J, Litt H, Gaieski D, Camacho M, Clark M, Gordon A, Gerlach L, Baxt W. CT Coronary Angiography for Disposition of Chest Pain Patients from the Clinical Decision (Observation) Unit. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gaieski D, McCusker C, Camacho M, Hodges B, Baker K, Follansbee C, Shofer F, Hollander J. Protocolized Evaluation of Low Risk Chest Pain in a Clinical Decision Unit Increases Detection of Significant Coronary Artery Disease. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Pines J, Hollander J, Localio R, Baxt W, Lee H, Phillips C, Metlay J. The Association Between ED Crowding and Time To Antibiotics For Pneumonia. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Pollack C, Hollander J, Brogan G, Diercks D, Hoekstra J, Stone G. The Relationship between Duration of Antithrombotic Therapy and Ischemic Outcomes in High-risk NSTE ACS Patients in the Acuity Trial. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schiller J, Singer A, Thode H, Hollander J, Sinert R. Comparison of Abstract Submissions and Oral Presentations at a Regional SAEM. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Mumma B, Baumann B, Jones M, Campbell C, Shofer F, Follansbee C, Chang AM, Hollander J. Gender Bias in Cardiovascular Testing: Is it Due to Patient Preference? Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Peacock WF, Diercks D, Fonarow G, Hollander J, Jois-Bilowich P, Kirk JD, Singer A, Summers R, Wynne J, Weber J, Yancy C. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Reporting Illicit Drug Use in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Population: An Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Registry-Emergency Module [ADHERE-EM] Report. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Brown A, Wu AH, Clopton P, Robey J, Hollander J. ST2 in Emergency Department Chest Pain Patients with Potential Acute Coronary Syndromes. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Garson C, Hollander J, Sease K, Shofer F, McCusker C, Baxt W, Pines J. ED Patient Preferences for Boarding Locations and Wait Times When Hospitals Are at Full Capacity. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Brown A, Shofer F, Robey J, Sease K, Hollander J. The Risk of Acute Coronary Syndromes Associated with Atrial Fibrillation in Emergency Department Chest Pain Patients. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Pines J, Rhodes K, Baxt W, Hollander J. ED Crowding is Associated with Delays in Analgesia and Non-treatment for Patients who Report Severe Pain. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pines J, Garson C, Shofer F, Rhodes K, Sease K, Baxt W, Hollander J. ED Crowding is Associated with Perceptions of Compromised Quality of Care. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ryan R, Lindsell C, Hollander J, Jackson R, O'Neil B, Schreiber D, Gibler B. Disposition Impacted by Serial Point of Care Markers in ACS (DISPO-ACS): A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Central Laboratory and Point-of-care Cardiac Marker Testing Strategies. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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McMullin N, Lindsell C, Lei L, Mafi J, Jois-Bilowich P, Anantharaman V, Pollack C, Hollander J, Gibler B, Hoekstra J, Diercks D, Peacock W. Outcomes Associated with Small Changes in Normal Range Cardiac Markers. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Karounos M, Follansbee C, Chang AM, Robey J, Sease K, McCusker C, Shofer F, Hollander J. TIMI Risk Score: Does it Work Well in Both Males and Females? Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Carr B, Hollander J, Baxt W, Datner E, Pines J. An Estimate of the United States Emergency Department Boarding Burden. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
In organisms encountering predictable environments, fixed development is expected, whereas in organisms that cannot predict their future environment, phenotypic plasticity would be optimal to increase local adaptation. To test this prediction we experimentally compared phenotypic plasticity in two rocky-shore snail species; Littorina saxatilis releasing miniature snails on the shore, and Littorina littorea releasing drifting larvae settling on various shores, expecting L. littorea to show more phenotypic plasticity than L. saxatilis. We compared magnitude and direction of vectors of phenotypic difference in juvenile shell traits after 3 months exposure to different stimuli simulating sheltered and crab-rich shores, or wave-exposed and crab-free shores. Both species showed similar direction and magnitude of vectors of phenotypic difference with minor differences only between ecotypes of the nondispersing species, indicating that plasticity is an evolving trait in L. saxatilis. The lack of a strong plastic response in L. littorea might be explained by limits rather than costs to plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hollander
- Department of Marine Ecology, Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory, Göteborg University, Stromstad, Sweden.
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Abstract
The evolution of reproductive isolation in the presence of gene flow is supported by theoretical models but rarely by data. Empirical support might be gained from studies of parallel hybrid zones between interbreeding taxa. We analysed gene flow over two hybrid zones separating ecotypes of Littorina saxatilis to test the expectation that neutral genetic markers will show site-specific differences if barriers have evolved in situ. Distinct ecotypes found in contrasting shore habitats are separated by divergent selection and poor dispersal, but hybrid zones appear between them. Swedish islands formed by postglacial uplift 5000 years ago provide opportunities to assess genetic structure in a recently evolved system. Each island houses a discrete population containing subpopulations of different ecotypes. Hybrid zones between ecotypes may be a product of ecological divergence occurring on each island or a consequence of secondary overlap of ecotypes of allopatric origin that have spread among the islands. We used six microsatellite loci to assess gene flow and genetic profiles of hybrid zones on two islands. We found reduced gene flow over both hybrid zones, indicating the presence of local reproductive barriers between ecotypes. Nevertheless, subpopulations of different ecotypes from the same island were genetically more similar to each other than were subpopulations of the same ecotype from different islands. Moreover, neutral genetic traits separating the two ecotypes across hybrid zones were site-specific. This supports a scenario of in situ origin of ecotypes by ecological divergence and nonallopatric evolution of reproductive barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Panova
- Department of Marine Ecology, Göteborg University, Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory, Strömstad, SE-452 96, Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gosnell
- a Narmco Research and Development , Division of Whittaker Corporation , San Diego , California
| | - J. Hollander
- a Narmco Research and Development , Division of Whittaker Corporation , San Diego , California
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Raap J, Hollander J, Ovchinnikova TV, Swischeva NV, Skladnev D, Kiihne S. Trans and surface membrane bound zervamicin IIB: 13C-MAOSS-NMR at high spinning speed. J Biomol NMR 2006; 35:285-93. [PMID: 16937243 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-006-9045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between (15)N-labelled peptides or proteins and lipids can be investigated using membranes aligned on a thin polymer film, which is rolled into a cylinder and inserted into the MAS-NMR rotor. This can be spun at high speed, which is often useful at high field strengths. Unfortuantely, substrate films like commercially available polycarbonate or PEEK produce severe overlap with peptide and protein signals in (13)C-MAOSS NMR spectra. We show that a simple house hold foil support allows clear observation of the carbonyl, aromatic and C(alpha) signals of peptides and proteins as well as the ester carbonyl and choline signals of phosphocholine lipids. The utility of the new substrate is validated in applications to the membrane active peptide zervamicin IIB. The stability and macroscopic ordering of thin PC10 bilayers was compared with that of thicker POPC bilayers, both supported on the household foil. Sidebands in the (31)P-spectra showed a high degree of alignment of both the supported POPC and PC10 lipid molecules. Compared with POPC, the PC10 lipids are slightly more disordered, most likely due to the increased mobilities of the shorter lipid molecules. This mobility prevents PC10 from forming stable vesicles for MAS studies. The (13)C-peptide peaks were selectively detected in a (13)C-detected (1)H-spin diffusion experiment. Qualitative analysis of build-up curves obtained for different mixing times allowed the transmembrane peptide in PC10 to be distinguished from the surface bound topology in POPC. The (13)C-MAOSS results thus independently confirms previous findings from (15)N spectroscopy [Bechinger, B., Skladnev, D.A., Ogrel, A., Li, X., Rogozhkina, E.V., Ovchinnikova, T.V., O'Neil, J.D.J. and Raap, J. (2001) Biochemistry, 40, 9428-9437]. In summary, application of house hold foil opens the possibility of measuring high resolution (13)C-NMR spectra of peptides and proteins in well ordered membranes, which are required to determine the secondary and supramolecular structures of membrane active peptides, proteins and aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Raap
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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41
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Ji LL, Steinhafel N, Hollander J, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Vina J, Lee JM, Johnson JA. EXERCISE ACTIVATION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR (NF) KB SIGNALING CASCADES IN RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003. [DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200305001-00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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van Rossum BJ, Castellani F, Pauli J, Rehbein K, Hollander J, de Groot HJM, Oschkinat H. Assignment of amide proton signals by combined evaluation of HN, NN and HNCA MAS-NMR correlation spectra. J Biomol NMR 2003; 25:217-23. [PMID: 12652133 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022819921584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a strategy for the (1)H(N) resonance assignment in solid-state magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR, using the alpha-spectrin SH3 domain as an example. A novel 3D triple resonance experiment is presented that yields intraresidue H(N)-N-C(alpha) correlations, which was essential for the proton assignment. For the observable residues, 52 out of the 54 amide proton resonances were assigned from 2D ((1)H-(15)N) and 3D ((1)H-(15)N-(13)C) heteronuclear correlation spectra. It is demonstrated that proton-driven spin diffusion (PDSD) experiments recorded with long mixing times (4 s) are helpful for confirming the assignment of the protein backbone (15)N resonances and as an aid in the amide proton assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barth-Jan van Rossum
- Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle Str. 10, D-13125, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated oxidant production and associated immune response after acute muscle stretch injury. METHODS A standardized single stretch injury was performed on the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of 36 male New Zealand white rabbits while contralateral control limbs underwent a sham surgery. Animals were sacrificed 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after injury. Potential sites of oxidant production, measured with a dichlorofluorescein (DCF) probe, were evaluated using two separate buffers. RESULTS Nonmitochondrial oxidant production measured under basal buffer conditions (0.1 M potassium phosphate) was increased in both injured and control limbs at 24 h (P < 0.01) and was greater in the injured limb at 12 and 48 h (P < 0.01). There was also an interaction of time and injury (P < 0.05). Maximum oxidant production by neutrophils and macrophages, stimulated by the induced buffer (including 1.7 mM ADP, 0.1 mM NADPH, 0.1 mM FeCl3), was increased in both injured and control limbs at 4 h (P < 0.01) and was greater in the injured limb at 48 h (P < 0.01). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, indicating the presence of activated neutrophils, was higher in the injured limb at 4 and 48 h (P < 0.01). The activities of superoxide radical producing and quenching enzymes, xanthine oxidase (XO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were elevated at 24 (P < 0.01) and 4 h (P < 0.05), respectively, but showed no difference between injured and control limbs. CONCLUSION We conclude that acute muscle stretch injury and the required surgeries to generate the injury result in a biphasic increase in oxidant production in both injured and control limbs, suggesting a systemic immune response. The increase in oxidant production at 4 h may be caused by an increase in activated neutrophils, whereas XO activity may contribute to oxidant generation at 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brickson
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 621 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
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Hollander J, Fiebig R, Gore M, Ookawara T, Ohno H, Ji LL. Superoxide dismutase gene expression is activated by a single bout of exercise in rat skeletal muscle. Pflugers Arch 2001; 442:426-34. [PMID: 11484775 DOI: 10.1007/s004240100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this experiment was to examine contraction-mediated activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene expression in rat superficial vastus lateralis (SVL, type IIb) and deep vastus lateralis (DVL, type IIa) muscles. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into exercise (E) and control (C) groups that were sacrificed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 10, 24, and 48 h (n=6) following an acute bout of treadmill exercise (25 m/min, 5% grade) to exhaustion (running time approximately equals 1 h). Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in DVL and SVL showed maximal binding at 2 and 10 h respectively, and remained elevated. Activator protein-1 (AP-1) showed maximal binding at 1 h post-exercise, and returned to resting levels at 10 h in both muscles. Mn SOD mRNA abundance in the DVL was increased at 0 (P<0.01), 1, and 2 h (P<0.05) post-exercise, whereas Mn SOD protein was unchanged. In SVL, Mn SOD mRNA abundance was not altered by exercise, whereas Mn SOD protein content was increased at 10 (P<0.05) and 24 h (P<0.075) post-exercise. CuZn SOD mRNA was unchanged with exercise in DVL and SVL, but CuZn SOD protein was elevated 48 h after exercise in both DVL and SVL (P<0.01). Activities of Mn SOD, CuZn SOD and total SOD showed no change with exercise in either muscle examined. These findings indicate that an acute bout of exercise can increase binding of NF-kappaB and AP-1 in both SVL and DVL, which may stimulate Mn SOD mRNA transcription in the more oxidative type DVL muscle. The increased CuZn SOD protein contents seen post-exercise, without increases in mRNA abundance in both DVL and SVL, suggest a translational mechanism in this SOD isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hollander
- Department of Kinesiology and Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA
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Egorova-Zachernyuk TA, Hollander J, Fraser N, Gast P, Hoff AJ, Cogdell R, de Groot HJ, Baldus M. Heteronuclear 2D-correlations in a uniformly [13C, 15N] labeled membrane-protein complex at ultra-high magnetic fields. J Biomol NMR 2001; 19:243-253. [PMID: 11330811 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011235417465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
One- and two-dimensional solid-state NMR experiments on a uniformly labeled intrinsic membrane-protein complex at ultra-high magnetic fields are presented. Two-dimensional backbone and side-chain correlations for a [U-13C, 15N] labeled version of the LH2 light-harvesting complex indicate significant resolution at low temperatures and under Magic Angle Spinning. Tentative assignments of some of the observed correlations are presented and attributed to the alpha-helical segments of the protein, mostly found in the membrane interior.
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Abstract
The influence of ageing on the expression of two superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes was examined in three different skeletal muscle fiber types of young (Y, 8 mo) and old (O, 25 mo) rats. Total SOD activity was increased with age in the gastrocnemius (Gas, type II(mix)) and superficial vastus lateralis (SVL, type IIb) but unchanged in the soleus (Sol, type I). The increased SOD activity in SVL was due to increased cytosolic SOD (CuZn SOD), whereas both mitochondrial (Mn SOD) and CuZn SOD activities were increased in Gas. In Sol, Mn SOD activity was significantly increased in aged rats. Mn SOD mRNA level was significantly decreased with age in all three muscles examined, while Mn SOD protein content was not altered. Ageing did not affect CuZn SOD mRNA abundance in any of the muscles, but significantly increased CuZn SOD protein content in aged Gas and Sol. Binding of two redox-sensitive transcription factors, nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) was significantly decreased with age in all three muscle types. These results indicate that increased SOD activity in aged skeletal muscle is not associated with higher levels of gene transcription. Increases in Mn SOD activity seen in aged Gas and Sol are the result of post-translational modification of the enzyme, whereas increases in CuZn SOD activity during ageing may be due to both translational and post-translational control.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/metabolism
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/enzymology
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/enzymology
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Superoxide Dismutase/genetics
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hollander
- Department of Kinesiology and Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
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Hollander J, Fiebig R, Gore M, Bejma J, Ookawara T, Ohno H, Ji LL. Superoxide dismutase gene expression in skeletal muscle: fiber-specific adaptation to endurance training. Am J Physiol 1999; 277:R856-62. [PMID: 10484504 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.3.r856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of endurance training on the enzyme activity, protein content, and mRNA abundance of Mn and CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied in various phenotypes of rat skeletal muscle. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into trained (T, n = 8) and untrained (U, n = 8) groups. Training, consisting of treadmill running at 27 m/min and 12% grade for 2 h/day, 5 days/wk for 10 wk, significantly increased citrate synthase activity (P < 0. 01) in the type I (soleus), type IIa (deep vastus lateralis, DVL), and mixed type II (plantaris) muscles but not in type IIb (superficial vastus lateralis, SVL) muscle. Mitochondrial (Mn) SOD activity was elevated by 80% (P < 0.05) with training in DVL. SVL and plantaris muscle in T rats showed 54 and 42% higher pooled immunoreactive Mn SOD protein content, respectively, than those in U rats. However, no change in Mn SOD mRNA level was found in any of the muscles. CuZn SOD activity, protein content, and mRNA level in general were not affected by training, except for a 160% increase in pooled CuZn SOD protein in SVL. Training also significantly increased glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities (P < 0.05), but only in DVL muscle. These data indicate that training adaptations of Mn SOD and other antioxidant enzymes occur primarily in type IIa fibers, probably as a result of enhanced free radical generation and modest antioxidant capacity. Differential training responses of mRNA, enzyme protein, and activity suggest that separate cellular signals may control pre- and posttranslational regulation of SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hollander
- Department of Kinesiology and Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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48
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Gore M, Fiebig R, Hollander J, Leeuwenburgh C, Ohno H, Ji LL. Endurance training alters antioxidant enzyme gene expression in rat skeletal muscle. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/y98-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of endurance training on gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were investigated in type 2a and 2b skeletal muscles, as well as heart and liver, in the rat. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (4 months old, 300-320 g) were randomly divided into a trained (T, n = 11) and a control (C, n = 10) group and were pair fed a diet consisting of 66% cornstarch and 34% basal diet that contained all essential nutrients. Training was conducted on a treadmill at 25 m·min-1, 10% grade for 2 h per day, 5 days per week for 10 weeks, resulting in a 79% (p < 0.01) increase in citrate synthase activity in the deep portion of vastus lateralis muscle (DVL, type 2a). Cu-Zn SOD activity was 35% higher (p < 0.01) in DVL of T versus C rats, and Cu-Zn SOD mRNA abundance showed a 125% increase with training (p < 0.05). Cu-Zn SOD protein content was not altered in DVL, but increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the superficial portion of vastus lateralis (type 2b) with training. Trained rats showed a 66% higher (p < 0.05) Mn SOD protein content in DVL, but Mn SOD activity and mRNA abundance were not affected. Training also significantly increased GPX activity by 62% (p < 0.05), without changing its mRNA abundance, in the DVL. Heart and liver showed a 112 and 58% increase (p < 0.01) in Cu-Zn SOD mRNA abundance with training, respectively, but no other training adaptation was detected. These data indicate that endurance training can promote gene expression of muscle antioxidant enzymes in a fiber-specific manner. Training appears to upregulate Cu-Zn SOD mRNA abundance in a number of aerobic tissues, whereas Mn SOD and GPX induction observed in DVL may occur at the post-transcriptional levels.Key words: glutathione peroxidase, mRNA, skeletal muscle superoxide dismutase, training.
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Gore M, Fiebig R, Hollander J, Leeuwenburgh C, Ohno H, Ji LL. Endurance training alters antioxidant enzyme gene expression in rat skeletal muscle. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1998; 76:1139-45. [PMID: 10326836 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-76-12-1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of endurance training on gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were investigated in type 2a and 2b skeletal muscles, as well as heart and liver, in the rat. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (4 months old, 300-320 g) were randomly divided into a trained (T, n = 11) and a control (C, n = 10) group and were pair fed a diet consisting of 66% cornstarch and 34% basal diet that contained all essential nutrients. Training was conducted on a treadmill at 25 m x min(-1), 10% grade for 2 h per day, 5 days per week for 10 weeks, resulting in a 79% (p < 0.01) increase in citrate synthase activity in the deep portion of vastus lateralis muscle (DVL, type 2a). Cu-Zn SOD activity was 35% higher (p < 0.01) in DVL of T versus C rats, and Cu-Zn SOD mRNA abundance showed a 125% increase with training (p < 0.05). Cu-Zn SOD protein content was not altered in DVL, but increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the superficial portion of vastus lateralis (type 2b) with training. Trained rats showed a 66% higher (p < 0.05) Mn SOD protein content in DVL, but Mn SOD activity and mRNA abundance were not affected. Training also significantly increased GPX activity by 62% (p < 0.05), without changing its mRNA abundance, in the DVL. Heart and liver showed a 112 and 58% increase (p < 0.01) in Cu-Zn SOD mRNA abundance with training, respectively, but no other training adaptation was detected. These data indicate that endurance training can promote gene expression of muscle antioxidant enzymes in a fiber-specific manner. Training appears to upregulate Cu-Zn SOD mRNA abundance in a number of aerobic tissues, whereas Mn SOD and GPX induction observed in DVL may occur at the post-transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gore
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA
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50
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Ji LL, Leeuwenburgh C, Leichtweis S, Gore M, Fiebig R, Hollander J, Bejma J. Oxidative stress and aging. Role of exercise and its influences on antioxidant systems. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 854:102-17. [PMID: 9928424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Strenuous exercise is characterized by an increased oxygen consumption and disturbance of intracellular prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis. At least three biochemical pathways, that is, mitochondrial electron transport chain, xanthine oxidase, and polymorphoneutrophil have been identified as potential sources of intracellular free radical generation during exercise. These deleterious reactive oxygen species pose a serious threat to the cellular antioxidant defense system, such as diminished reserve of antioxidant vitamins and glutathione, and have been shown to cause oxidative damage in exercising and/or exercised muscle and other tissues. However, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants have demonstrated great versatility and adaptability in response to acute and chronic exercise. The delicate balance between prooxidants and antioxidants during exercise may be altered with aging. Study of the complicated interaction between aging and exercise under the influence of reactive oxygen species would provide more definitive information as to how much aged individuals should be involved in physical activity and whether supplementation of nutritional antioxidants would be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Ji
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA.
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