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Nguyen QLD, Simoni J, Dorney KM, Shi X, Ellis JL, Brooks NJ, Hickstein DD, Grennell AG, Yazdi S, Campbell EEB, Tan LZ, Prendergast D, Daligault J, Kapteyn HC, Murnane MM. Direct Observation of Enhanced Electron-Phonon Coupling in Copper Nanoparticles in the Warm-Dense Matter Regime. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:085101. [PMID: 37683150 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.085101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Warm dense matter (WDM) represents a highly excited state that lies at the intersection of solids, plasmas, and liquids and that cannot be described by equilibrium theories. The transient nature of this state when created in a laboratory, as well as the difficulties in probing the strongly coupled interactions between the electrons and the ions, make it challenging to develop a complete understanding of matter in this regime. In this work, by exciting isolated ∼8 nm copper nanoparticles with a femtosecond laser below the ablation threshold, we create uniformly excited WDM. Using photoelectron spectroscopy, we measure the instantaneous electron temperature and extract the electron-ion coupling of the nanoparticle as it undergoes a solid-to-WDM phase transition. By comparing with state-of-the-art theories, we confirm that the superheated nanoparticles lie at the boundary between hot solids and plasmas, with associated strong electron-ion coupling. This is evidenced both by a fast energy loss of electrons to ions, and a strong modulation of the electron temperature induced by strong acoustic breathing modes that change the nanoparticle volume. This work demonstrates a new route for experimental exploration of the exotic properties of WDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh L D Nguyen
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jacopo Simoni
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kevin M Dorney
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Xun Shi
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ellis
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Nathan J Brooks
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Daniel D Hickstein
- Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc., 4775 Walnut St #102, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
| | - Amanda G Grennell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309 80309, USA
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Eleanor E B Campbell
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, Edinburgh University, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Liang Z Tan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David Prendergast
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jerome Daligault
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Henry C Kapteyn
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc., 4775 Walnut St #102, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
| | - Margaret M Murnane
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Guimaraes S, Pruvost M, Daligault J, Stoetzel E, Bennett EA, Côté NML, Nicolas V, Lalis A, Denys C, Geigl EM, Grange T. A cost-effective high-throughput metabarcoding approach powerful enough to genotype ~44 000 year-old rodent remains from Northern Africa. Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 17:405-417. [PMID: 27374145 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a cost-effective metabarcoding approach, aMPlex Torrent, which relies on an improved multiplex PCR adapted to highly degraded DNA, combining barcoding and next-generation sequencing to simultaneously analyse many heterogeneous samples. We demonstrate the strength of these improvements by generating a phylochronology through the genotyping of ancient rodent remains from a Moroccan cave whose stratigraphy covers the last 120 000 years. Rodents are important for epidemiology, agronomy and ecological investigations and can act as bioindicators for human- and/or climate-induced environmental changes. Efficient and reliable genotyping of ancient rodent remains has the potential to deliver valuable phylogenetic and paleoecological information. The analysis of multiple ancient skeletal remains of very small size with poor DNA preservation, however, requires a sensitive high-throughput method to generate sufficient data. We show this approach to be particularly adapted at accessing this otherwise difficult taxonomic and genetic resource. As a highly scalable, lower cost and less labour-intensive alternative to targeted sequence capture approaches, we propose the aMPlex Torrent strategy to be a useful tool for the genetic analysis of multiple degraded samples in studies involving ecology, archaeology, conservation and evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guimaraes
- Epigenome and Paleogenome Group, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - M Pruvost
- Epigenome and Paleogenome Group, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - J Daligault
- Epigenome and Paleogenome Group, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - E Stoetzel
- Département Systématique & Evolution, UMR7205 ISYEB CNRS-MNHN-EPHE-UPMC, CP51-Mammifères & Oiseaux, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 55, rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - E A Bennett
- Epigenome and Paleogenome Group, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - N M-L Côté
- Epigenome and Paleogenome Group, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - V Nicolas
- Département Systématique & Evolution, UMR7205 ISYEB CNRS-MNHN-EPHE-UPMC, CP51-Mammifères & Oiseaux, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 55, rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - A Lalis
- Département Systématique & Evolution, UMR7205 ISYEB CNRS-MNHN-EPHE-UPMC, CP51-Mammifères & Oiseaux, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 55, rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - C Denys
- Département Systématique & Evolution, UMR7205 ISYEB CNRS-MNHN-EPHE-UPMC, CP51-Mammifères & Oiseaux, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 55, rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - E-M Geigl
- Epigenome and Paleogenome Group, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - T Grange
- Epigenome and Paleogenome Group, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
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Abstract
An approach to simulating warm and hot dense matter that combines density-functional-theory-based calculations of the electronic structure to classical molecular dynamics simulations with pair interaction potentials is presented. The method, which we call pseudoatom molecular dynamics, can be applied to single-component or multicomponent plasmas. It gives equation of state and self-diffusion coefficients with an accuracy comparable to orbital-free molecular dynamics simulations but is computationally much more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Starrett
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Daligault
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Saumon
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Starrett CE, Saumon D, Daligault J, Hamel S. Integral equation model for warm and hot dense mixtures. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:033110. [PMID: 25314550 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.033110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In a previous work [C. E. Starrett and D. Saumon, Phys. Rev. E 87, 013104 (2013)] a model for the calculation of electronic and ionic structures of warm and hot dense matter was described and validated. In that model the electronic structure of one atom in a plasma is determined using a density-functional-theory-based average-atom (AA) model and the ionic structure is determined by coupling the AA model to integral equations governing the fluid structure. That model was for plasmas with one nuclear species only. Here we extend it to treat plasmas with many nuclear species, i.e., mixtures, and apply it to a carbon-hydrogen mixture relevant to inertial confinement fusion experiments. Comparison of the predicted electronic and ionic structures with orbital-free and Kohn-Sham molecular dynamics simulations reveals excellent agreement wherever chemical bonding is not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Starrett
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Saumon
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Daligault
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Hamel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Dimonte G, Daligault J. Molecular-dynamics simulations of electron-ion temperature relaxation in a classical Coulomb plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:135001. [PMID: 18851454 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.135001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular-dynamics simulations are used to investigate temperature relaxation between electrons and ions in a fully ionized, classical Coulomb plasma with minimal assumptions. Recombination is avoided by using like charges. The relaxation rate agrees with theory in the weak coupling limit (g identical with potential/kinetic energy << 1), whereas it saturates at g > 1 due to correlation effects. The "Coulomb log" is found to be independent of the ion charge (at constant g) and mass ratio > 25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Dimonte
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Ravasio A, Gregori G, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Daligault J, Delserieys A, Faenov AY, Loupias B, Ozaki N, Rabec le Gloahec M, Pikuz TA, Riley D, Koenig M. Direct observation of strong ion coupling in laser-driven shock-compressed targets. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:135006. [PMID: 17930603 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.135006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter we report on a near collective x-ray scattering experiment on shock-compressed targets. A highly coupled Al plasma was generated and probed by spectrally resolving an x-ray source forward scattered by the sample. A significant reduction in the intensity of the elastic scatter was observed, which we attribute to the formation of an incipient long-range order. This speculation is confirmed by x-ray scattering calculations accounting for both electron degeneracy and strong coupling effects. Measurements from rear side visible diagnostics are consistent with the plasma parameters inferred from x-ray scattering data. These results give the experimental evidence of the strongly coupled ionic dynamics in dense plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravasio
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation de Lasers Intenses, UMR7605, CNRS-CEA, Université Paris VI-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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