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Chen J, Shi JM, Cao YJ, Li C, Li JY, Yuan ZY. [A prospective phase Ⅱ clinical trial of toripalimab combined with platinum-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy and consolidation chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2024; 104:4402-4408. [PMID: 39690535 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20240725-01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of toripalimab combined with platinum-based chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods: A total of 82 patients diagnosed as locally advanced cervical cancer who received toripalimab combined with platinum-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from May 24th 2019 to August 31st 2022 were enrolled prospectively. After undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the patient received six cycles of treatment with toripalimab in combination with paclitaxel and platinum-based agents. The primary endpoint of the study was the objective response rate (ORR), and the secondary endpoints included disease control rate (DCR), safety, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to depict the cumulative incidence of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with different expression levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and genetic mutation burdens, and log-rank tests were used to compare the difference between groups. Results: The median age of the patients was 53.6 (45.5,58.7) years, and 76 patients (92.7%) had squamous cell carcinoma. The overall ORR and DCR for the 82 patients were both 87.8% (72 patients, 95%CI: 78.7%-94.0%). Among the 82 patients, 64 (78.0%) achieved complete remission, 8 (9.8%) had partial remission, 8 (9.8%) had disease progression, and 2 (2.4%) were not evaluable. During the treatment, 37 patients (45.1%) experienced treatment-related adverse events, of which 17 patients (20.7%) had grade 3 or higher adverse reactions. The most common grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse reaction was radiation enteritis (n=5, 6.1%). The median follow-up time was 20.6 (14.0, 27.9) months. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) were not reached. The 2-year PFS rate was higher in patients with PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS)≥10 compared to those with CPS<10 (92.4% vs 81.2%, χ²=0.68, P=0.409), and higher in patients with low tumor mutation burden (TMB-L) compared to those with high tumor mutation burden (TMB-H) (95.2% vs 83.3%, χ²=1.91, P=0.167). Conclusion: Patients with locally advanced cervical cancer can achieve favorable objective response rates when treated with toripalimab in combination with platinum-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy and consolidative chemotherapy.
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Chen R, Zou J, Chen J, Wang L, Kang R, Tang D. Immune aging and infectious diseases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01368. [PMID: 39679477 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The rise in global life expectancy has led to an increase in the older population, presenting significant challenges in managing infectious diseases. Aging affects the innate and adaptive immune systems, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) and immune function decline (immunosenescence). These changes would impair defense mechanisms, increase susceptibility to infections and reduce vaccine efficacy in older adults. Cellular senescence exacerbates these issues by releasing pro-inflammatory factors, further perpetuating chronic inflammation. Moreover, comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, which are common in older adults, amplify immune dysfunction, while immunosuppressive medications further complicate responses to infections. This review explores the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving inflammaging and immunosenescence, focusing on genomic instability, telomere attrition, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, we discussed how aging-associated immune alterations influence responses to bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections and evaluated emerging antiaging strategies, aimed at mitigating these effects to improve health outcomes in the aging population.
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Liang Y, Wang Q, Zhang YY, Huan JJ, Chen J, Wang HX, Qiu Z, Liu PX, Ren WJ, Ma YJ, Jiang CH, Li JD. [A pilot study on clinical application of three-dimensional morphological completion of lesioned mandibles assisted by generative adversarial networks]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2024; 59:1213-1220. [PMID: 39606979 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20240930-00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical application pathway of the CT generative adversarial networks (CTGANs) algorithm in mandibular reconstruction surgery, aiming to provide a valuable reference for this procedure. Methods: A clinical exploratory study was conducted, 27 patients who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between January 2022 and January 2024 and required mandibular reconstruction were selected. The cohort included 16 males and 11 females, with the age of (46.6±11.5) years; among them, 7 cases involved mandibular defects crossing the midline. The CTGANs generator produced 100 images, and the mean squared error (MSE) was calculated for differences between any two generated images. Preoperative cone-beam CT data from 5 patients were used to construct a labeled test database, divided into groups: normal maxilla, normal mandible, diseased mandible, and noise (each group containing 70 cross-sectional images). The CTGANs discriminator was used to evaluate the loss values for each group, and one-way ANOVA and intergroup comparisons were performed. Using the self-developed KuYe multioutcome-option-network generation system (KMG) software, the three-dimensional (3D) completion area of the mandible under cone-beam CT was defined for the 27 patients. The CTGANs algorithm was applied to obtain a reference model for the mandible. Virtual surgery was then performed, utilizing the fibular segment to reconstruct the mandible and design the surgical expectation model. The second-generation combined bone-cutting and prebent reconstruction plate positioning method was used to design and 3D print surgical guides, which were subsequently applied in mandibular reconstruction surgery for the 27 patients. Postoperative cone-beam CT was used to compare the morphology of the reconstructed mandible with the surgical expectation model and the mandibular reference model to assess the three-dimensional deviation. Results: The MSE for the CTGANs generator was 2 411.9±833.6 (95%CI: 2 388.7-2 435.1). No significant difference in loss values was found between the normal mandible and diseased mandible groups (P>0.05), while both groups demonstrated significantly lower loss values than the maxilla and noise groups (P<0.001). All 27 patients successfully obtained mandibular reference models and surgical expectation models. In total, 14 162 negative deviation points and 15 346 positive deviation points were observed when comparing the reconstructed mandible morphology with the surgical expectation model, with mean deviations of -1.32 mm (95%CI:-1.33--1.31 mm) and 1.90 mm (95%CI: 1.04-1.06 mm), respectively. Conclusions: The CTGANs algorithm is capable of generating diverse mandibular reference models that reflect the natural anatomical characteristics of the mandible and closely match individual patient morphology, thereby facilitating the design of surgical expectation models. This method shows promise for application in patients with mandibular defects crossing the midline.
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Chen C, Lai H, Deng Y, Cao J, Chen J, Jin S, Wu W, Sun D, Zhang C. Response of sedimentary microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes to aged Micro(Nano)plastics exposure under high hydrostatic pressure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135942. [PMID: 39326153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Several studies reported that the presence of microplastics (MPs)/nanoplastics (NPs) in marine environments can alter microbial community and function. Yet, the impact of aged MPs/NPs on deep sea sedimentary ecosystems under high hydrostatic pressure remains insufficiently explored. Herein, the sedimentary microbial community composition, co-occurrence network, assembly, and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in response to aged MPs/NPs were investigated. Compared with the control, NPs addition significantly reduced bacterial alpha diversity (p < 0.05), whereas MPs showed no significant impact (p > 0.05). Moreover, networks under NPs exhibited decreased complexity than that under MPs and the control, including edges, average degree, and the number of keystone. The assembly of the microbial community was primarily governed by stochastic processes, and aged MPs/NPs increased the importance of stochastic processes. Moreover, exposure to MPs/NPs for one month decreased the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (from 94.8 to 36.2 TPM), while exposure for four months increased the abundance (from 40.6 to 88.1 TPM), and the shift of ARGs in sediment was driven by both functional modules and microbial community. This study is crucial for understanding the stress imposed by aged MPs/NPs on sedimentary ecosystems under high hydrostatic pressure.
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Zeng C, Zhang Y, Lin C, Liang W, Chen J, Chen Y, Xiao H, Li Y, Guan H. TFCP2L1, a potential differentiation regulator, predicts favorable prognosis and dampens thyroid cancer progression. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:2953-2968. [PMID: 38753296 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid cancer has an overwhelming incidence in the population. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the underlying mechanism of its occurrence and development, which may provide new insights into therapeutic strategies. The role and mechanism of TFCP2L1 in regulating the progression of thyroid cancer remains unclear. METHODS Public databases and clinical samples were used to detect the expression of TFCP2L1 in cancer and non-cancer tissues. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to compare the differences in survival probability of the TFCP2L1 highly expressing group and the TFCP2L1 lowly expressing group. Functional assays were used to evaluate the biological effect of TFCP2L1 on thyroid cancer cells. RNA sequencing and enrichment analyses were used to find out pathways that were activated or inactivated by TFCP2L1. RESULTS We demonstrated that TFCP2L1 was significantly downregulated in thyroid cancer. Decreased expression of TFCP2L1 was associated with malignant clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses indicated that thyroid tumor patients with low TFCP2L1 expression presented shorter disease-free interval and progression-free interval. Additionally, TFCP2L1 expression was positively correlated with thyroid differentiation degree. Overexpression of TFCP2L1 in thyroid cancer cells inhibited cell growth and motility in vitro, and tumorigenicity and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, the NF-κB signaling pathway was found inactivated by overexpressing TFCP2L1. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TFCP2L1 is a tumor suppressor and potential differentiation regulator, and might be a potential therapeutic target in thyroid cancer.
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Chen J, Zeng X, Li F, Peng J. Study on the value of 3D visualization in differentiating IA and non-IA pulmonary ground-glass nodules. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e1433-e1442. [PMID: 39266373 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the most effective diagnostic markers and their associated thresholds for Ground-glass nodules (GGN) for identification of invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) and non-IA (including atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA)), and to explore the application in preoperative surgical evaluation. METHODS AND METHODS A total of 126 cases, confirmed by pathology, were retrospectively analyzed. 70 cases were classified as the IA group, while the non-IA group consisted of cases of AAH, AIS, and MIA, with a total of 56 cases. The study compared the differences in demographic, morphological, and three-dimensional (3D) quantitative parameters between the two groups. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in various signs such as air bronchogram, lobulation, pleural indentation, spiculation, shape, and margin between the two groups. Additionally, Statistical significance was observed in all 3D quantitative parameters for both groups. Notably, when 3D volume of lesions exceeded 447 mm3, the sensitivity to predict IA was 81% with specificity at 69%. Utilizing multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was identified that the independent predictive value in discriminating between IA and non-IA lies with both the 3D volume and solid proportion. Combining these two indexes significantly improved the prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.826). CONCLUSIONS Reasonable utilization of 3D visualization technology can effectively aid in distinguishing between IA and non-IA. When coupled with clinical data and CT signs, this technique holds vital importance in directing the evaluation of surgical interventions prior to surgery.
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Zhou Z, Hu M, Ru J, Yang S, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen J, Cui Y. Delay impacts of ant nests on plant reproductive phenology in a temperate steppe. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:1260-1264. [PMID: 39284019 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Increasing ant abundance associated with climate warming has been observed in temperate ecosystems. However, how enhanced ant activity affects plant development and phenology remains unclear. In this study, individuals of a perennial forb (Potentilla tanacetifolia) during flowering with and without an ant (Proformica) nest were marked to explore the impacts of ant nests on plant growth and phenology in a temperate steppe on the Mongolian Plateau. Ant nests delayed the start and end flowering dates simultaneously and, consequently, had no effect on flowering duration. However, presence of an ant nest postponed the fruiting date of individuals. Nests further increased numbers of aborted flowers and thus decreased fruit set. These observations suggest that the delayed flowering phenology disrupted synchrony between plant reproduction and pollinators and thus reduced pollination efficiency under ant nests. Given the increasing abundance of ants with rising temperatures under climate warming, plant delayed reproductive phenology and reduced reproductive output will potentially have negative consequences for plant fitness and plant-arthropod interactions, with consequent impacts on resistance and resilience of perennial species in temperate steppes under climate change.
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Li Z, Kang D, Xu S, Xi G, Li L, Zheng L, Guo W, Fu F, Wang C, Ma J, Han X, Xu S, Chen J, Chen J. Collagen signature adds prognostically significant information to staging for breast cancer. ESMO Open 2024; 9:103990. [PMID: 39577107 PMCID: PMC11616558 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated collagen signature (TACS) is an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer. However, it is unclear whether the complete collagen signature, including TACS, the TACS-based collagen microscopic features (TCMF1), and the TACS-based nuclear features (TCMF2), can provide additional prognostic information for the current tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 941 patients with breast cancer from three cohorts: the training (n = 355), internal (n = 334), and external validation cohorts (n = 252). TACS and TCMF1 were obtained by multiphoton microscopy (MPM). TCMF2 was extracted on the hematoxylin and eosin images colocated with MPM images. They were linearly combined to establish a complete collagen signature score for reclassifying current TNM staging into stage Ⅰ (II and Ⅲ)/low risk and stage Ⅰ (II and Ⅲ)/high risk. RESULTS The low-risk collagen signatures 'downstaged' patients in stage II or Ⅲ, while the high-risk collagen signatures 'upstaged' patients with stage Ⅰ tumors. After incorporating the complete collagen signature into the current TNM staging system, the modified staging system had a higher ability to stratify patients [referent, Ⅰ-new; Ⅱ-new, hazard ratio (HR) 8.655, 6.136, and 4.699 in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts, respectively; Ⅲ-new, HR 14.855, 11.201, and 13.245 in the corresponding three cohorts, respectively] than the current TNM staging system (referent, Ⅰ; Ⅱ, HR 1.642, 1.853, and 1.371 in the corresponding three cohorts, respectively; Ⅲ, HR 4.131, 4.283, and 3.711 in the corresponding three cohorts, respectively). Furthermore, the modified staging system showed a higher area under the curve than the current TNM staging system (training cohort: 0.843 versus 0.683; internal validation cohort: 0.792 versus 0.661; and external validation cohort: 0.793 versus 0.646). CONCLUSIONS The complete collagen signature is an independent predictor of survival outcomes in breast cancer. It adds significant information about the biological behavior of the disease to staging for breast cancer.
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Sun SJ, Wang N, Sun ZW, Chen J, Cui HW. Retraction Note: MiR-5692a promotes the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via MMP9. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2024; 28:4644. [PMID: 39687971 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202412_36973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
The article "MiR-5692a promotes the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via MMP9" by S.-J. Sun, N. Wang, Z.-W. Sun, J. Chen, H.-W. Cui, published Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018; 22 (15): 4869-4878-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201808_15623-PMID: 30070322 has been retracted by the Editor in Chief. Due to concerns raised by online readers regarding a set of articles published by different publishers sharing similarities in Kaplan-Meier survival plots, correlation plots, and overlapping images from wound-healing and transwell assays, the Editor-in-Chief has initiated an investigation to evaluate the validity of the results and potential figure manipulation. The journal's investigation revealed duplications between panels A of Figure 4 and panel B of Figure 5. Also, splicing was detected in panel A of Figure 4. The authors have been informed about the journal's investigation but remained unresponsive and have not provided the study's raw data. Consequently, the Editor in Chief mistrusts the results presented and has decided to retract the article. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/15623.
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Yu W, Lan Y, Sun D, Pei P, Yang L, Chen Y, Du H, Peng Y, Yang X, Chen J, Chen Z, Lv J, Li L, Yu C. Risk factors for severe COPD exacerbation in Chinese adults. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2024; 28:578-584. [PMID: 39578356 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.24.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe exacerbation is the predominant cause of COPD hospitalisation. We investigated sex-specific risk factors of severe exacerbation and explored the potential interactions of regions, smoking status, and age.METHODS The present study included 13,641 males and 13,051 females with spirometry-defined COPD at baseline from the China Kadoorie Biobank. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of risk factors with severe exacerbation were estimated using the Cox models.RESULTS During a median of 11.5 years follow-up, 5,967 cases of COPD hospitalisation were recorded. GOLD (Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease) stage, tobacco smoking, and underweight were positively associated with COPD hospitalisation in both sexes. Stronger associations were observed in females than in males; the corresponding HRs for males and females were respectively 1.87 (95% CI 1.73-2.03) and 2.47 (95% CI 2.24-2.72) for a history of respiratory diseases and 1.46 (95% CI 1.33-1.60) and 1.65 (95% CI 1.46-1.87) for coughing frequently and coughing up sputum after getting up in the morning for ≥3 months. Higher risks were found among urban residents, non-current smokers, and patients <60 years old.CONCLUSIONS Our findings may help clinicians and the public to identify COPD patients at high risk of exacerbation requiring hospitalisation and take targeted measures in time..
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Cui J, Miao S, Wang J, Chen J, Dong C, Hao D, Li J. The super-resolution reconstruction in diffusion-weighted imaging of preoperative rectal MR using generative adversarial network (GAN): Image quality and T-stage assessment. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e1530-e1538. [PMID: 39307677 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2024.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the feasibility of using a generative adversarial network (GAN) to improve diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) resolution in rectal MR scans for rectal carcinoma (RC), and to evaluate both the image quality and the diagnostic utility of super-resolution DWI (SR-DWI) in T stage assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective investigation, a total of 291 patients diagnosed with RC during the period spanning May 2018 to December 2021 were included. The generated SR-DWI was evaluated against the original DWI using multi-scale structural similarity and peak signal-to-noise ratio. Two radiologists scored the SR-DWI and original DWI using a 4-point Likert scale in image quality. Moreover, both radiologists independently evaluated the T category staging based on T2WI and SR-DWI. Interobserver agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa. RESULTS The PSRN and MS-SSIM values of SR-DWI (4 ×) were significantly higher compared to those of SR-DWI (16 ×). Regarding the details of anatomic structures and overall image quality parameters, both radiologists exhibited a preference for SR DWI with 16 × enlargement over SR DWI with 4 × enlargement, yielding significantly superior ratings (both p < 0.001). The T-staging accuracy rates of SR-DWI (16 ×) performed by radiologist 1 and radiologist 2 were significantly superior to those achieved with T2WI (0.621 vs. 0.768, p = 0.027; 0.653 vs 0.810, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the adapted super-resolution approach can significantly improve the overall image quality and details of anatomic structure of DWI in rectal MR. And SR-DWI offer better diagnostic accuracy in RC T staging when compared with T2WI.
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Yu JD, Zhao H, Fang YH, Luo YY, Lou JG, Chen J. [Clinical features and genetic analysis of four cases of pediatric acute liver failure caused by NBAS gene variants]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2024; 32:1-7. [PMID: 39606973 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240611-00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the clinical and genetic features of pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) caused by neuroblastoma-amplified sequence (NBAS) gene variants and to investigate the correlation between clinical phenotypes and genotypes. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and genetic test results of 4 pediatric patients with NBAS gene variants presenting primarily with PALF, who were admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology at the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from August 2015 to June 2023. A literature review was performed using the keywords "NBAS", "neuroblastoma amplified sequence", "SOPH", "short stature with optic nerve atrophy and Pelger-Huët anomaly", "liver failure", and "neuroblastoma amplified sequence" in both Chinese and English, searching the CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and PubMed databases for articles published from January 2015 to May 2024. The clinical features and genetic characteristics of domestic patients were summarized. Results: The age of first onset of PALF in the 4 patients ranged from 8 months to 3 years and 7 months. All patients developed PALF within 1-2 d after the onset of fever, with symptoms including vomiting, seizures, lethargy, or altered consciousness, accompanied by a sharp increase in transaminases, elevated bilirubin and blood ammonia, hyperlactatemia, and hepatomegaly. After antipyretic therapy, fluid supplementation, and other symptomatic supportive treatments, the PALF gradually improved in all patients, with 3 patients also exhibiting extrahepatic symptoms. Long-term follow-up showed that active temperature control and symptomatic management could reduce the recurrence of PALF. Genetic testing identified 8 NBAS gene variants sites, all confirmed as compound heterozygous mutations through family verification, including 4 missense mutations, 1 nonsense mutation, and 3 frameshift mutations. A literature review included 51 cases of domestic NBAS gene mutations, revealing that 98.0% (50/51) of patients had liver involvement, with 35 cases presenting as PALF. A total of 61 variant sites were identified, with c.3596G>A (45.1%, 23/51) being the most common hotspot mutation. Conclusions: NBAS gene mutations leading to PALF have distinct clinical and genetic characteristics, with a correlation between genotype and clinical phenotype. The c.3596G>A mutation is a hotspot variant in domestic patients and is strongly associated with the liver failure phenotype.
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Chen J, Zhang J, Sun K, Liu T. Aggressive primary salivary gland-type carcinoma of the thyroid: a case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024:S0901-5027(24)00437-5. [PMID: 39578159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2024.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 11/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
Primary salivary gland-like malignancies in the thyroid are rare. For this reason, both their diagnosis and treatment pose challenges. This report presents a unique case of primary thyroid salivary gland-like carcinoma diagnosed in a 68-year-old male patient. Despite the patient undergoing surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, the disease progressed rapidly. The clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical features of this rare entity are described.
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Hu Y, Zhou G, Jiang S, Gao L, Yu Y, Wang Q, Chen J, Zhang J. Impact of risk factors on atrial fibrillation types via epicardial adipose tissue computed tomography-based radiomics analysis. Clin Radiol 2024; 80:106753. [PMID: 39689621 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2024.106753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 10/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM To analyze epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) radiomics and assess the impact of risk factors on different types of atrial fibrillation (AF). MATERIALS AND METHODS We included AF patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation from June 2018 to December 2020. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to limit the differences in risk factors between patients with different types of AF. The nnU-Net model was utilized to segment EAT. After extracting radiomic features, a generalized linear model was used to examine the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) radiomic features associated with risk factors, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the features differentiating the two AF groups. Hierarchical clustering was utilized to identify clusters among significant features. RESULTS After PSM, 794 patients (median age 67, 547 males) were selected, with 397 having paroxysmal and 397 persistent AF. In univariate analysis, 15.11% of the features were significantly associated with the type of AF (P<.000005). 39.29% of all features were significantly correlated with at least one risk factor, with 141 features being significantly related to both risk factors and the type of AF. Three independent clusters were successfully identified among the 141 features. The biggest cluster is dominated by hypertension and hyperlipidemia factors, exhibiting a high overlap in their effects on EAT. Following closely in influence are gender, age, and diabetes clusters, collectively covering 59 out of the 141 features. CONCLUSION Our study identifies distinct differences in EAT characteristics between paroxysmal and persistent AF, with persistent cases showing higher EAT gray values and a more disordered texture.
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Qin Q, Xu Z, Chen W, Liu X, Chen J, Gao W, Li L. High-Performance Gate-Voltage-Tunable Photodiodes Based on Nb 2Pd 3Se 8/WSe 2 Mixed-Dimensional Heterojunctions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:63713-63722. [PMID: 39500518 PMCID: PMC11583975 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
The mixed-dimensional (MD) van der Waals (vdWs) heterojunction for photodetectors has garnered significant attention owing to its exceptional compatibility and superior quality. Low-dimensional material heterojunctions exhibit unique photoelectric properties attributed to their nanoscale thickness and vdWs contact surfaces. In this work, a novel MD vdWs heterojunction composed of one-dimensional (1D) Nb2Pd3Se8 nanowires and two-dimensional (2D) WSe2 nanosheets is proposed. The heterojunction's energy band engineering is accomplished by manipulating the Fermi level of the bipolar 2D material via gate voltage, resulting in a rectification characteristic that can be adjusted with gate voltage. Under 685 nm laser irradiation, it demonstrates exceptional self-powered photodetection performance, attaining a photoresponsivity of 1.45 A W-1, an ultrahigh detectivity of 6.8 × 1012 Jones, and an ultrafast response time of 37/64 μs at zero bias. In addition, a broadband photodetector from 255 to 1064 nm is realized. These results demonstrate the great potential of Nb2Pd3Se8/WSe2 MD heterostructures for advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Wang R, Yu Y, Yu W, Sun S, Lei Y, Li Y, Lu C, Zhai J, Bai F, Ren F, Huang J, Chen J. Roles of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Postbiotics in B-cell mediated Immune Regulation. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)01178-7. [PMID: 39551357 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics can significantly influence B-cell-related diseases through their immunomodulatory effects. They enhance the immune system's function, particularly affecting B cells, which originate in the bone marrow and are crucial for antibody production and immune memory. These substances have therapeutic potential in managing allergies, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory conditions by regulating the gut microbiota, strengthening epithelial barriers, and directly interacting with various components of the innate and adaptive immune systems. The review highlights the critical need for further research into the precise mechanisms through which probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics modulate B cells. Gaining this understanding could facilitate the development of more effective treatments for B-cell-related diseases by harnessing the immunomodulatory properties of these dietary components.
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Xu AD, Meng K, Wu HY, Chen J, Sun Q. [Malacoplakia of liver: report of a case]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 53:1159-1161. [PMID: 39482061 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20240821-00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
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Munshi M, Liu X, Kofides A, Tsakmaklis N, Hunter ZR, Guerrera ML, Canning A, Gustine JN, Liu S, Hatcher JM, Chen J, Meid K, Sarosiek S, Flynn CA, Branagan AR, von Keudell G, Palomba LM, Castillo JJ, Yang G, Treon SP. ERK1/2 pro-survival signalling is suppressed by pirtobrutinib in ibrutinib-resistant MYD88-mutated lymphoma cells. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:1866-1872. [PMID: 39295138 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase-inhibitors (cBTK-i) are highly active in MYD88-mutated (MYD88Mut) Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia and suppress nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2 (ERK1/2)-related signalling. BTKCys481 mutations are associated with cBTK-i acquired resistance and are accompanied by reactivation of ERK1/2 that promotes inflammatory cytokine secretion and paracrine-mediated resistance of BTK wild-type (BTKWT) tumour cells. Pirtobrutinib is a non-covalent BTK-inhibitor that binds at non-BTKCys481 sites. We show that pirtobrutinib blocked p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2-driven inflammatory cytokines, and overcame paracrine-mediated resistance in MYD88Mut lymphoma cells expressing mutated BTKCys481. Our results provide important mechanistic insights for the activity of pirtobrutinib in MYD88Mut lymphomas carrying BTKCys481 mutations.
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Zhang H, Teng C, Yao Y, Bian W, Chen J, Liu H, Wang Z. MRI-based radiomics models for noninvasive evaluation of lymphovascular space invasion in cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e1372-e1382. [PMID: 39183137 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM Aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of preoperative MRI-based radiomic models for noninvasive prediction of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in patients with cervical cancer (CC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was conducted up to December 21, 2023. The quality of the studies was assessed utilizing the Radiomics Quality Score (RQS) system and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. Pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) were computed. The clinical utility was evaluated using the Fagan nomogram. Heterogeneity was investigated and subgroup analyses were conducted. RESULTS Eleven studies were included, with nine studies reporting independent validation sets. In the training sets, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR, and AUC of SROC were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.75-0.85), 0.78 (95% CI: 0.73-0.83), 15 (95% CI: 11-20), and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79-0.92), respectively. For the validation sets, the overall sensitivity, specificity, DOR, and AUC of SROC were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73-0.84), 0.73 (95% CI: 0.67-0.78), 10 (95% CI: 7-15), and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71-0.91), respectively. The Fagan nomogram indicated good clinical utility. Subgroup analysis revealed that multi-sequence MRI-based models exhibited superior diagnostic performance compared to single-sequence MRI-based models in validation sets. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis highlights the potential diagnostic efficacy of MRI-based radiomic models for predicting LVSI in CC. Nevertheless, large-sample, multicenter studies are still warranted, and improvements in the standardization of radiomics methodology are necessary.
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Luo C, Chen J, Wang Z, Fu D. Unveiling a distinctive presentation: Benign manifestation of primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:104291. [PMID: 39293259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2024.104291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the case of a man with well-demarcated cystic lesion in the right lacrimal gland, subsequently diagnosed as primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland. METHODS We report the clinical presentation, histopathologic, immunohistochemical features and treatment of this unique primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland. Additionally, we analyze the factors contributing to the tumor's presentation and review the current literature regarding this uncommon neoplasm. RESULTS The patient underwent total resection of the mass, revealing primary ductal adenocarcinoma of lacrimal gland. Histopathological examination revealed a solid nested, sieve-like (with observed acne-like necrosis), tubular, and small nested arrangement of the tumor. The tumor cells exhibited marked heterogeneity, and vascular tumor thrombi were observed in the stroma, along with evidence of neurological invasion. The immunophenotype analysis showed positivity for androgen receptor, GATA binding protein 3, gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 and cytokeratin-7, which is considered a ductal adenocarcinoma of lacrimal gland. Subsequently the patient underwent local radiotherapy. No local recurrences or metastases were reported during the 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of lacrimal gland is a rare tumor of the lacrimal gland. The manifestation of ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland may include well-demarcated cystic lesions, indicative of distinct subtypes. Various treatment options are adapted to different subtypes of ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland.
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Sahib A, Chen J, Cárdenas D, Calear AL, Wilson C. Emotion regulation mediates the relation between intolerance of uncertainty and emotion difficulties: A longitudinal investigation. J Affect Disord 2024; 364:194-204. [PMID: 39147149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty has been proposed as a transdiagnostic factor in emotional disorders. Despite comprehensive empirical evidence demonstrating the association between intolerance of uncertainty and emotional disorders, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Drawing on theoretical frameworks and empirical studies, the current study proposed that emotion regulation emerges as a potential mechanism. We explored the connections among intolerance of uncertainty, eight emotion regulation strategies (both adaptive and maladaptive), and emotional difficulties (specifically anxiety and depression) using a three-wave longitudinal approach (N = 341). Our findings revealed that heightened intolerance of uncertainty predicted increased anxiety but not depression over time. Greater intolerance of uncertainty significantly predicted elevated levels of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies including experiential avoidance, thought suppression, rumination, and reassurance-seeking. Adaptive strategies (i.e., mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, problem-solving) predicted lower anxiety and/or depression whereas maladaptive emotion regulation strategy rumination predicted greater levels of anxiety and depression. Surprisingly, thought suppression predicted lower levels of anxiety and depression. More importantly, our analysis showed that both rumination and thought suppression served as significant mediators in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and both anxiety and depression. These results hold implications for future interventions, emphasising rumination and thought suppression as potential targets for interventions aimed at alleviating emotional difficulties in individuals with intolerance of uncertainty.
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Lin H, Chen J, Hu Y, Li W. Embracing technological revolution: A panorama of machine learning in dentistry. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2024; 29:e742-e749. [PMID: 39418127 PMCID: PMC11584966 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.26679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overarching aim of this study is to furnish dental experts and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the role of machine learning in dentistry. This entails a nuanced understanding of prevailing technologies, discerning emerging trends, and providing strategic guidance for future research endeavors and practical implementations. MATERIAL AND METHODS We assessed the literature by looking for papers related to the issue after 2019 in the Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. A narrative review of 29 papers satisfying the search criteria was undertaken, with an emphasis on the application of machine learning in dentistry. RESULTS A review was conducted, including 29 publications. The advent of emerging technologies holds promise for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of dental diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Nevertheless, the intricate nature of oral disease diagnosis and outcome prediction mandates acknowledgment of variables such as individual idiosyncrasies, lifestyle, genetics, image quality, and tooth morphology. These factors may impact the precision of machine learning models. Dental professionals should not rely solely on AI-based results but rather use them as references. Integrating these findings with clinical examinations, assessing the patient's overall health, and oral condition is crucial for informed decision-making. CONCLUSIONS This review explores the clinical applications of machine learning in dentistry, encompassing disciplines like cariology, endodontics, periodontology, oral medicine, oral and maxillofacial surgery, prosthodontics and orthodontics. It serves as a valuable resource for dental practitioners and scholars in understanding the computer algorithms employed in each study, facilitating the clinical translation of machine learning research outcomes.
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Abdulhamid MI, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adams JR, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Aitbaev A, Alekseev I, Alpatov E, Aparin A, Aslam S, Atchison J, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Cap JGB, Barish K, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bhatta S, Bhosale SR, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Broodo C, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Ceska J, Chakaberia I, Chan BK, Chang Z, Chatterjee A, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cheng Y, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Dale-Gau G, Das A, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flor FA, Fu C, Gao T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Hamed A, Han Y, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison-Smith H, He W, He XH, He Y, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang Y, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jalotra A, Jena C, Ji Y, Jia J, Jin C, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Khanal A, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Korobitsin AA, Yu. Kraeva A, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Labonte MC, Lacey R, Landgraf JM, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Li C, Li D, Li HS, Li H, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Liang Y, Lin T, Lin Y, Liu C, Liu G, Liu H, Liu L, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Lomicky O, Longacre RS, Loyd EM, Lu T, Luo J, Luo XF, Luong VB, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Manikandhan R, Margetis S, Matonoha O, McNamara G, Mezhanska O, Mi K, Minaev NG, Mohanty B, Mondal B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mudrokh A, Nagy MI, Nain AS, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nedorezov E, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Okubo K, Page BS, Pal S, Pandav A, Panday A, Panebratsev Y, Pani T, Parfenov P, Paul A, Perkins C, Pokhrel BR, Posik M, Povarov A, Protzman T, Pruthi NK, Putschke J, Qin Z, Qiu H, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Rana A, Ray RL, Robertson CW, Rogachevsky OV, Rosales Aguilar MA, Roy D, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Samigullin E, Sato S, Schaefer BC, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao T, Sharma M, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sharma SR, Sheikh AI, Shen D, Shen DY, Shen K, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Si F, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Söhngen Y, Song Y, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Su Y, Sun C, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Tamis AC, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev MV, Trentalange S, Tribedy P, Tsai OD, Tsang CY, Tu Z, Tyler J, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vasiliev AN, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang J, Wang K, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wilks G, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu J, Wu X, Wu X, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yan Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yu Y, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Imaging shapes of atomic nuclei in high-energy nuclear collisions. Nature 2024; 635:67-72. [PMID: 39506156 PMCID: PMC11541211 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
Atomic nuclei are self-organized, many-body quantum systems bound by strong nuclear forces within femtometre-scale space. These complex systems manifest a variety of shapes1-3, traditionally explored using non-invasive spectroscopic techniques at low energies4,5. However, at these energies, their instantaneous shapes are obscured by long-timescale quantum fluctuations, making direct observation challenging. Here we introduce the collective-flow-assisted nuclear shape-imaging method, which images the nuclear global shape by colliding them at ultrarelativistic speeds and analysing the collective response of outgoing debris. This technique captures a collision-specific snapshot of the spatial matter distribution within the nuclei, which, through the hydrodynamic expansion, imprints patterns on the particle momentum distribution observed in detectors6,7. We benchmark this method in collisions of ground-state uranium-238 nuclei, known for their elongated, axial-symmetric shape. Our findings show a large deformation with a slight deviation from axial symmetry in the nuclear ground state, aligning broadly with previous low-energy experiments. This approach offers a new method for imaging nuclear shapes, enhances our understanding of the initial conditions in high-energy collisions and addresses the important issue of nuclear structure evolution across energy scales.
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Namir O, Chen J, Belabbas I. Strain induced phase transitions and hysteresis in aluminium nitride: a density functional theory study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 37:035702. [PMID: 39419116 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad8852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Computer atomistic simulations based on density functional theory were carried out to investigate strain induced phase transitions in aluminium nitride (AlN). The wurtzite to graphitic and graphitic to wurtzite transformations were investigated at the atomic level and their physical origins were identified. Both phase transitions were found to be of the first order. The wurtzite to graphitic phase transition takes place in the tensile regime at a strain value of +7%. The driving force for this transformation was identified to be an elastic instability induced by tensile strain. A hysteresis was demonstrated where the graphitic structure is separated from the wurtzite by a kinetic energy barrier. The origin of the observed hysteresis is due to the asymmetry of bond formation and bond breaking associated with the wurtzite to graphitic and graphitic to wurtzite transitions, respectively. A dynamic instability taking place at +3%, along the graphitic path, prevents the hysteresis to fully occur. The possible occurrence of the hysteresis has then to be taken into account when growing the graphitic phase by heteroepitaxy. Otherwise, maintaining the graphitic structure at low strain, through the hysteresis, offers new possibilities in the development of novel future applications.
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Liu J, Han C, Chen J, Nan L, Si Y. An All-Solid-State Ti/RuO x pH Electrode Prepared Based on the Thermal Oxidation Method. ACS Sens 2024; 9:5234-5245. [PMID: 39320965 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of all-solid-state precise pH electrodes holds significant importance in various fields, particularly in marine scientific research. To achieve this goal, we proposed a novel fabrication technique for an all-solid-state ruthenium oxide (Ti/RuOx) pH electrode. We thin-coated the RuCl3 precursor solution on a titanium wire substrate using a heat gun repeatedly and then calcined it in a mixture of Li2CO3 and Na2O2 at 400 °C to obtain a ruthenium oxide (RuOx) film. This RuOx film was subjected to acid treatment with dilute nitric acid, and a polytetrafluoroethylene heat shrink tube was wrapped around the non-RuOx film area. Finally, the RuOx film was fully immersed in a pH 4.00 buffer solution, finalizing the electrode preparation. The RuOx film exhibits a dense and regular conical morphology. The Ti/RuOx electrode demonstrates a good near-Nernstian response slope (e.g., -59.04 mV/pH at 25 °C), high linearity (e.g., R2 = 0.9999), rapid response (<1 s), low hysteresis (<3 mV), excellent reversibility, and good repeatability in the pH range of 2.00-10.00. After full hydration, the Ti/RuOx electrode shows a potential drift of 8.5 mV and a drift rate of approximately 0.27 mV/day over a period of 25 days, indicating good long-term stability. Furthermore, the Ti/RuOx electrode exhibits robust resistance against interference from various ions and low-concentration redox substances, ensuring a long storage life (at least 280 days), and high measurement accuracy (e.g., ± 0.02 pH units) for diverse water samples, including seawater, freshwater, and tap water. This study has evaluated the potential of the Ti/RuOx electrode as a reliable and accurate tool for pH measurements in marine scientific applications.
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