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Gong J, Liu J, Wang S, Guo G, Fan J, Huang W. Effects of Mn, Zr and Ni Promoters on the Performance of CuZnO Catalyst for Ethanol Synthesis via CO Hydrogenation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Sen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Guangkai Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Jinchuan Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi China
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Zhu GL, Chen SH, Fan XD, Fan JC, Men XL, Zhang YM, Sun Q, Zhang B, Ji RG, Wang S, Tong B, Zhang J, Wu SL, Jiang XZ. [A prospective cohort study on BMI levels and risk of acute pancreatitis]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:2131-2137. [PMID: 34954976 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20201027-01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of body mass index (BMI) levels at different baseline on the risk of new-onset acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods: The subjects were from the Kailuan Study Cohort and divided into 3 groups according to baseline BMI levels: BMI<24 kg/m2, normal weight; BMI 24-28 kg/m2, overweight; BMI≥28 kg/m2, obesity. The incidence of new-onset AP in these three groups was analyzed. The survival curve was plotted by Kaplan-Meier method, the cumulative incidence was calculated and tested by log-rank method. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate HR of baseline BMI levels for AP. Results: A total of 123 841 subjects were included and followed up for (11.94±2.13) years, during which, 395 cases were found with AP. The incidence of AP was 2.67 per 10 000 person years in total population, and the incidences of AP were 2.20, 2.72 and 3.58 per 10 000 person-years in the normal, overweight and obesity groups, respectively. The cumulative incidences of AP was 0.32%, 0.40% and 0.49% in normal, overweight and obesity groups, respectively, which showed a significant inter-group difference by log-rank test (χ 2=13.17,P<0.01). The results of multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis indicated that obesity group (HR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.10-1.92) had a higher risk for AP compared with the normal BMI group. The subgroup analyses by age and sex showed that compared with the normal weight group,the HRs for AP in the obesity group was 1.58(95%CI:1.14-2.19) and 1.40(95%CI:1.03-1.90) among subjects younger than 60 years old and male subjects, respectively. After excluded onset AP within two years from baseline,with a control group from normal weight,the results of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis indicated that the AP in the obesity group was 1.60 (95%CI: 1.18-2.15). Conclusion: Obesity may increase the risk of developing AP, particularly among young and middle-aged men.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - S H Chen
- Healthcare Center of Kailuan Group, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - X D Fan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - J C Fan
- Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - X L Men
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Y M Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangshan Central Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Q Sun
- No.3 Ward of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - B Zhang
- No.3 Ward of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - R G Ji
- No.3 Ward of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - B Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - S L Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - X Z Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
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Fan JC, You WW, Liu HX, Cai Y, Du X, Wang JX. [Acute myeloid leukemia with FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene treated with imatinib: a case report and literature review]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2021; 41:1044-1046. [PMID: 33445855 PMCID: PMC7840551 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J C Fan
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - W W You
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - H X Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Y Cai
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - X Du
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - J X Wang
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
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Sun R, Zhang H, Liu K, Fan J, Li G, Song X, Li C. Clinicopathologic Predictive Factors of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li C, Yu W, Fan J, Li G, Tao X, Feng Y, Sun R. Thyroid functional parameters and correlative autoantibodies as prognostic factors for differentiated thyroid cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49930-49938. [PMID: 27356742 PMCID: PMC5226558 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of preoperative thyroid functional parameters and thyroid autoantibodies on aggressive clinicopathologic features and lymph node metastasis (LNM) of differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Four hundred twenty consecutive patients with initial surgery were enrolled from July 2010 to July 2015. The associations between aggressive clinicopathologic and LNM factors and thyroid functional & autoantibodies parameters were analyzed. Higher levels of TSH, TGAb or TMAb were found in patients with tumor size≥1 cm (all P<0.05), especially when TSH≥2.5 ulU/ml (P=0.03) and TGAb≥1 (P=0.01). Higher levels of TSH and TGAb and lower levels of T3 and T4 were found in patients with capsular invasion (all P<0.05), particularly when TSH≥2.5ulU/ml (P=0.03) and TGAb≥1 (P=0.005). The patients with multifocality had higher TAbs level (TAbs>1). Higher level of TSH was also found in patients with central LNM (P=0.001) and lateral LNM (P=0.002), especially with TSH≥2.5ulU/ml (P=0.003 and P=0.03). TGAb level was also found higher in patients with central LNM (P=0.02) and lateral LNM (P=0.01), especially with TGAb≥1 (P<0.05 and P=0.01). Higher level of TMAb was found in patients with lateral LNM (P<0.05). Moreover, multivariable analysis revealed that only TGAb was an independently predictive factor for primary tumor size≥1cm (P=0.01); and TSH level (P=0.01) and TGAb≥1 (P<0.05) were associated independently with central LNM. Thus, TSH level and TGAb≥1 were significantly independent predictors for central LNM, and might help make the decision of central neck dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenbin Yu
- Department of Head and Neck surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinchuan Fan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Tao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghao Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Sun R, Zhang H, Liu K, Fan J, Li G, Song X, Li C. Clinicopathologic Predictive Factors of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp (Engl Ed) 2017; 69:149-155. [PMID: 29162220 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) has been proven to be a predictor for locoregional recurrence in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Clinicopathological features could be effective predictive factors for central and lateral LNM of DTC, and provide references to surgeons for cervical neck dissection. METHODS Retrospective analysis of clinicopathological data was performed on 420 patients who underwent initial surgery from 2010 to 2015. RESULTS The incidence of central and lateral LNM was calculated. Of 420 patients, 247 (58.8%) exhibited central LNM, and 185 (44.1%) exhibited lateral LNM. There were 29 (6.9%) cases confirmed to have skip metastasis. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that tumour location, tumour size, multifocality, capsular invasion, affected lobes, and age were independent predictors of central LNM. Tumour location, capsular invasion, affected lobes, and tumour size were independent predictors of lateral LNM. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that tumour location, affected lobes, capsular invasion, age, tumour size and multifocality may be taken as predictive factors for cervical LNM of DTC. Meticulous perioperative evaluation of cervical LNM and prophylactic cervical lymph node dissection that aims to remove the occult lymph nodes may be an option for DTC with risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghao Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinchuan Fan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China.
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China.
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Liu A, Fan MQ, Li ZH, Fan JC. Non-polar oil assisted DDA flotation of quartz II: Effect of different polarity oil components on the flotation of quartz. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liu A, Fan MQ, Li ZH, Fan JC. Non-polar oil assisted DDA flotation of quartz I: Interfacial interaction between dodecane oil drop and mineral particle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang S, Peng H, He L, Zhang X, Gao Y, Zhang J, Ma J, Fan Y, Li J, Wen H, Wang J, Fan J. Response of Fingernail Growth to Out-of-Field Low-Dose X ray in Cancer Patients Receiving Radiotherapy. Radiat Res 2017; 187:682-688. [PMID: 28375681 DOI: 10.1667/rr14597.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The entire body of a patient with cancer is exposed to low-dose levels of radiation (mGy) during radiation therapy. The safety and biological impact of such exposure to low-dose radiation on the human body are largely unknown. The fingernail is a highly proliferative tissue, and its growth can be monitored during radiation treatment to analyze early effects of low-dose radiation. The fingernails of 30 patients who received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) were used in this study to investigate the change in nail growth during fractionated radiotherapy. Lead shields were applied to some fingers to create dose variance within individual patients. The absorbed dose was measured, and the relationship between the dose and change in nail growth rate was analyzed. Other factors, including serum albumin, hemoglobin level, body weight index, age, gender and chemotherapy, were also subjected to multivariate analysis. Fingernails from patients received an average of 0.96 mGy per treatment fraction. We observed a surprising decline in fingernail growth rate during radiotherapy, which was more prominent in the nonshielded fingernails with a relatively high-absorbed dose. Such growth delay could be observed as early as one week postirradiation and lasted the entire treatment course. Using fingernail growth as a novel marker for radioresponse, the current study showed that exposure to very low-dose ionizing radiation has previously unrecognized early effects on human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichuan Zhang
- Department of a Radiation Oncology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Peng
- b Department of Intensive Care Unit, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling He
- e Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- c Department of GCP Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiying Gao
- e Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of a Radiation Oncology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiabao Ma
- Department of a Radiation Oncology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of a Radiation Oncology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of a Radiation Oncology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of a Radiation Oncology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of a Radiation Oncology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinchuan Fan
- d Head and Neck Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; and
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Li C, Cai YC, Wang W, He YX, Lan XJ, Li QL, Zhou YQ, Liu JF, Zhu GQ, Liu K, Wang SX, Wang K, Fan JC, Sun RH. [The role definition of lateral arm free flap in reconstruction after head and neck cancer surgery]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2016; 51:156-60. [PMID: 26898882 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Application of free flap is one of the important repair means in head and neck surgery. A variety of free flaps, such as anterolateral thigh flap, have showed unique advantages in repair for tissue defects after resection of head and neck tumor, and have became increasing popularity. Lateral arm flee flap is an important repair means in plastic surgery, which has developed more than 30 years, but the application of this flap for reconstruction in head and neck surgery is relatively backward, with few reports. This review focuses on the creativity and innovation, the relationship between anatomy and clinical application, and the application status and prospects for lateral arm flee flap in individual head and neck reconstruction surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y C Cai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y X He
- Graduate School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - X J Lan
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Q L Li
- Graduate School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Y Q Zhou
- Graduate School, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - J F Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - G Q Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - K Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - S X Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - K Wang
- Graduate School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - J C Fan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - R H Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
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Sun R, Zhang J, Zhang F, Fan J, Yuan Y, Li C. Selectively predictive calcium supplementation using NCCN risk stratification system after thyroidectomy with differentiated thyroid cancer. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:21939-21946. [PMID: 26885165 PMCID: PMC4724011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypocalcemia is a common complication following thyroidectomy. To explore reasonable and simple methods for predicting postoperative hypocalcemia and identify the optimal strategies for selective calcium supplement are meaningful for surgeon. METHODS Based on the NCCN risk stratification system, patients were divided into 4 groups (A-D): low-risk group A, who only underwent limited thyroidectomy (LT) and high-risk groups B, C and D, who had received total thyroidectomy (TT) and selective central and/or lateral neck dissection (SND). After surgery, group C patients were orally given calcium gluconate and group D patients were intravenously given calcium 2 g/day for 7 days, while group B patients did not receive any calcium supplement. Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were collected before and after surgery. The incidence of asymptomatic and symptomatic hypocalcemia in each group was recorded. RESULTS A total of 132 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) were included who received surgical treatment. No a significant change was observed in serum calcium and PTH levels in group A, while significant decreases in serum calcium and PTH levels were seen in group B (P < 0.05). Intravenous calcium supplement in group D resulted in a more rapid recovery in serum calcium levels (P < 0.05). The incidences of symptomatic hypocalcemia and asymptomatic hypocalcemia were significantly lower in group A and group D respectively compared to the other groups (All P values < 0.05). In group B, a highest asymptomatic and symptomatic hypocalcemia incidence was detected. CONCLUSION Selective calcium supplementation for DTC based on NCCN risk stratification system could be recommended for the high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghao Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer HospitalChengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Jinchuan Fan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer HospitalChengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer HospitalChengdu 610041, China
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Sun R, Li C, Fan J. [The potential applications of three-dimensional reconstruction combined with rapid prototyping technology in head and neck cancer surgery]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2015; 50:429-431. [PMID: 26178062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Liu J, Du J, Fan J, Liu K, Zhang B, Wang S, Wang W, Wang Z, Cai Y, Li C, Yu T, Zhu G, Chen J, Li C. The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Correlates with Age in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2015; 77:109-16. [PMID: 25896501 DOI: 10.1159/000375534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and clinicopathological features in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS We performed an analysis of 843 patients, including 321 patients with PTC, 83 patients with thyroid adenoma and 439 patients with nodular goiter (NG). Thyroglobulin and thyrotropin were measured in each patient. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets were counted. Statistical analysis was used to correlate the NLR with demographic and histopathologic characteristics of the patients. RESULT Age correlated with NLR and lymphocyte number in patients with PTC and NG. In patients aged >45 years, those with PTC had a higher NLR and a lower lymphocyte count than those with NG. Patients with PTC aged <45 years had a higher leukocyte count and a lower NLR than those aged ≥45 years. Patients with clinical stage I/II PTC had a lower NLR and a higher lymphocyte count than patients with stage III/IV. CONCLUSIONS Younger patients with PTC had a higher lymphocyte count but a lower NLR than older patients with PTC. The NLR and lymphocyte counts were associated with the clinical stage. Thus, a higher NLR and a lower lymphocyte count may be prognostic for stratifying patients with thyroidal goiters and are risk factors of PTC for older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Chen C, Chen C, Huang P, Duan F, Zhao S, Li P, Fan J, Song W, Qin Y. NiO/nanoporous graphene composites with excellent supercapacitive performance produced by atomic layer deposition. Nanotechnology 2014; 25:504001. [PMID: 25426539 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/50/504001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiO) is a promising electrode material for supercapacitors because of its low cost and high theoretical specific capacitance of 2573 F g(-1). However, the low electronic conductivity and poor cycling stability of NiO limit its practical applications. To overcome these limitations, an efficient atomic layer deposition (ALD) method is demonstrated here for the fabrication of NiO/nanoporous graphene (NG) composites as electrode materials for supercapacitors. ALD allows uniform deposition of NiO nanoparticles with controlled sizes on the surface of NG, thus offering a novel route to design NiO/NG composites for supercapacitor applications with high surface areas and greatly improved electrical conductivity and cycle stability. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the NiO/NG composites obtained by ALD exhibited excellent specific capacitance of up to ∼ 1005.8 F g(-1) per mass of the composite electrode (the specific capacitance value is up to ∼ 1897.1 F g(-1) based on the active mass of NiO), and stable performance after 1500 cycles. Furthermore, electrochemical performance of the NiO/NG composites is found to strongly depend on the size of NiO nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China
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Sun R, Li C, Fan J, Li X. [Estrogen and its receptor: another promoter in the occurrence and evolution of differentiated thyroid carcinoma]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2014; 49:961-964. [PMID: 25598381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Sun R, Li C, Fan J, Liu J, Chen J, Zhang B. [Meta-analysis of the clinical significance of thyroidectomy combined with central neck dissection in differentiated thyroid carcinoma at the first treatment]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2014; 49:157-163. [PMID: 24742518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the differences in recurrence rates and surgical complications between thyroidectomy alone and thyroidectomy combined with central neck dissection as initial treatments to differentiated thyroid cancer and evaluate the clinic significance of central neck dissection for these patients. METHODS The literatures published in 1998-2013 were searched in Wanfang database, Chongqing VIP database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Pubmed, Medline and Beijing Kangjian foreign medical journal full text service. According to the inclusion and deletion criteria, 30 articles were included. Of them 26 articles involved in complications, hypocalcemia and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy as two major complications were involved in 26 articles and 24 articles respectively, and 26 articles involved in recurrence rate. RevMan5.0 software package was used to perform meta-analysis. RESULTS Total complication rate in experimental group (plus central neck dissection) was 13.08% higher than that in control group (thyroidectomy only), the odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (95%CI)] was 2.32[2.02, 2.67], Z value was 11.80, P < 0.01. Hypocalcemia in the experimental group was 11.80% higher than that in control group, OR value [95%CI] was 2.58[2.21, 3.02], Z was 11.98, P < 0.01. The rates of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis were low in both experimental group (5.26%) and control group(3.95%), and OR value [95%CI] was 1.22 [0.94, 1.58], Z was 1.48, P = 0.14. Recurrence rate in experimental group was 2.23% lower than that in control group, OR value [95%CI] was 0.78 [0.63,0.97], Z was 2.35, P = 0.03. CONCLUSION Central compartment dissection as initial treatment to differentiated thyroid cancer may reduce the risk of recurrence, but increases the incidence of total complications and hypocalcemia, and has no significant effect on the rate of the recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghao Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jinchuan Fan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianchao Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
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Li JM, Wang Y, Fan JC, Tang M, Hou J, Li L. [Keratocytoma of submandibular gland:report of a case]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2013; 42:838-839. [PMID: 24507106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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19
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Sun RH, Li C, Fan JC, Wang W, Li CH, Xu YQ, Li XX. [Comparison of recurrence and complication by different thyroidectomy in the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma as initial treatment: a meta-analysis]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2013; 48:834-839. [PMID: 24406181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the total thyroidectomy or subtotal resection and gland lobe and isthmus lobectomy as initial treatment to TNM stage I and II differentiated thyroid cancer. The difference between recurrence rate and surgical complications were analysed. METHODS The literatures published between 1972-2012 were searched in Pubmed, Medline, Wanfang database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese scientific Journals database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. According to the inclusion and deletion criteria, 17 articles were included to compare the postoperative recurrence and complications in randomized controlled or case-control studies, involving 13 articles in recurrence rate and 11 articles in complications.RevMan5.0 software package was used to perform meta-analysis. RESULTS Thirteen articles involved with the recurrence rate, the total case number was 3511. Among these cases, 414 recurred, overall recurrence rate was 11.59%, of which, 150 recurred cases in total or subtotal resection group (experimental group), the recurrence rate was 6.51%; 264 recurred cases in gland lobe lobectomy plus isthmus group (control group), the recurrence rate was 21.83%. Comparing the two groups, the odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.26 [0.21,0.33], Z value was 11.33, P < 0.01, which showed that the recurrence rate in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group.Eleven articles involved with the complications, the total case number was 2388, 166 cases had postoperative complications. The complication rate was 6.95%, of which, 109 cases in experimental group, the complication rate was 8.52%; 57 cases in control group, the complication rate was 5.15%. Compared with the two groups, OR values and their 95%CI was 3.63 [2.47, 5.33], Z was 6.58, P < 0.01, the experimental group had significantly higher incidence of complications. CONCLUSION For I and II differentiated thyroid cancer, total thyroidectomy or subtotal resection may reduce the chance of recurrence, but the postoperative complications is higher; while gland lobe and isthmus lobectomy has lower postoperative complications, but may increase the risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-hao Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
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Li C, Fan J, Song X, Zhang B, Chen Y, Li C, Mi K, Ma H, Song Y, Tao X, Li G. Expression of angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 correlates with lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis and affects survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75388. [PMID: 24040410 PMCID: PMC3770542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both Ang-2 and VEGFR-3 are major regulators of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, respectively, and thus may affect prognosis of OSCC. We sought to determine the associations between Ang-2 and VEGFR-3 expression and survival of OSCC. Methods Ang-2 and VEGFR-3 expression was determined immunohistochemically in tumor tissues from 112 patients with OSCC; OSCC-adjacent noncancerous oral tissue from 85 OSCC patients; and normal oral mucosa from 37 cancer-free individuals. A log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare survival among different groups with expression of Ang-2 and VEGFR-3. Results Ang-2 and VEGFR-3 expression was upregulated in OSCC compared to nontumor tissue (all P<0.05). High Ang-2 expression positively correlated with microvessel density (MVD) (P<0.01), and high VEGFR-3 expression positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.01) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) (P<0.01). The patients with high expression of Ang-2 alone or in combination with VEGFR-3 had a significantly worse survival than in patients with low expression of Ang-2 or any other co-expression status (all P<0.05), respectively. Furthermore, multivariable analysis showed that patients with high expression of Ang-2 alone or in combination with VEGFR-3 had a significantly increased risk of death compared with those with low expression of Ang-2 or any other co-expression status (HR, 2.7, 95% CI, 1.1–6.2 and 5.0, 1.3–15.4, respectively). Conclusions These results suggest that increased expression in tumors of Ang-2 may individually, or in combination with VEGFR-3, predict poor prognosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases in Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinchuan Fan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases in Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Mi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillary Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Yufeng Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillary Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tao
- Radiology Department of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JIaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GJL); cjr.taoxiaofeng.@vip.163.com (XFT)
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GJL); cjr.taoxiaofeng.@vip.163.com (XFT)
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Wang X, Wang AR, Fan JC, Li J, Bao Y, Wang Y, Yang QF, Ren Y. [Results of a screening program on high incidence area of esophageal cancer in Yanting Sichuan from 2006 to 2011]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2012; 33:784-787. [PMID: 22967328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of esophageal cancer and various lesions of esophagus in high risk areas through a screening program for early diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Random cluster sampling method was used to select some portions of a natural village as screening object in the high risk areas of esophageal cancer, from 2006 to 2011. Endoscope iodine staining and index biopsy screening methods were used on people with high risk and followed by pathological exams for confirmation. RESULTS The detection rates regarding mild esophageal hyperplasia, moderate and severe esophageal hyperplasia were 5.33% (803/15 065), 1.28% (193/15 065), 0.68% (102/15 065) respectively while the detection rates on carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma and invasive cancer were 0.15% (22/15 065), 0.06% (9/15 065), 0.29% (43/15 065) respectively. The detection rate in male esophageal hyperplasia was higher than in female. People younger than 65 years old, the detection rates on mild, moderate or severe esophageal hyperplasia and invasive cancer showed an increase with age, with the 60-year-olds group reaching the highest. The detection rates on the above said diseases were 7.72% (198/2565), 2.07% (53/2565), 1.29% (33/2565), 0.51% (13/2565) respectively. The detection rates on mild, moderate or severe esophageal hyperplasia varied in different years and with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) but did not show any obvious trend of changing. Geographical distribution of mild esophageal hyperplasia, moderate esophageal hyperplasia, severe esophageal hyperplasia also significantly varied in different villages (P < 0.001). The highest detection rate in the mountainous villages was seen the highest while the detection rate of village from hilly areas was the lowest. CONCLUSION There were considerable numbers of patients with precancerous lesions in the general population from the high risk areas. The detection rate of esophageal cancer in the mountain residents was higher than the rate in the hilly areas. Men and the elderly were the key populations calling for esophageal cancer prevention programs to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
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Xu YQ, Li C, Fan JC, Zhang B, Chen JC, Wang ZH, Wang Y, Qin S, Qing XY, Wan JF, Li L, Tang M, Yang H, Liang B. [Evidence for determining the safe surgical margin for pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2012; 47:137-141. [PMID: 22455813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the treatment outcomes, complications and histopathologic features between conventional parotidectomy and functional regional parotidectomy in the treatment for pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland and to provide clinical, and pathological evidence for determining the safe surgical margin. METHODS Of 109 patients, 60 patients received conventional parotidectomy and 49 patients received functional regional parotidectomy. The rates of tumor recurrence and complications were compared between the groups of patients. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the incidence of tumor recurrence, the facial paralysis and sialosyrinx between two groups. The rates of Frey's syndrome, numbness of auricular region, and facial asymmetry were 30.0%, 61.7%, and 38.3% in the patients with conventional parotidectomy respectively, while the rates were 6.1%, 30.6%, and 8.2% in the patients with functional regional parotidectomy, with significant statistically difference, respectively (P < 0.05). Of 109 patients, 33 with incomplete capsule, 29 with capsule penetration, 25 with pseudopodia, and 13 with satellite nodules. There was no significant difference in the depth of tumor infiltration between two groups of patients. For the tumor smaller than 2 cm, the depth of infiltration in conventional group was from 0.061 to 1.122 mm, functional group was from 0.442 to 3.127 mm (Z = -1.093, P = 0.057); for the tumors between 2 - 4 cm, the depth in conventional group was from 0.081 to 7.908 mm, functional group was from 0.082 to 6.632 mm (Z = -0.214, P = 0.831); for the tumor larger than 4 cm, the depth of infiltration was from 0.340 to 8.476 mm. CONCLUSIONS Compared with conventional parotidectomy, functional regional parotidectomy has good outcomes and less complications. The surgical margins of pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland should be determined by the size of tumor. The 1 cm-surgical margins are safe for the tumors less than 4 cm, and the tumors more than 4 cm should be treated with superficial parotidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-quan Xu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Li C, Fan JC, Li B, Chen JC, Wang ZH, Zhang B, Xu YQ, Song YF, Xu YZ. [Meta-analysis of surgical techniques for preventing Frey syndrome and a concave facial deformity after parotidectomy]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2011; 46:580-585. [PMID: 22088289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the curative effects on surgical methods for the prevention of Frey syndrome and a concave facial deformity after parotidectomy. METHODS A literature search was performed using the Wianfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Disk Database, Chinese Digital Hospital Library and Chinese Scientific Journals Database of VIP from January 1989 to December 2008. Twenty-six Chinese language controlled studies involving surgical techniques for prevention of Frey syndrome and the concave facial deformity after parotidectomy were identified. Review manager 4.2 software was applied for Meta analysis. RESULTS Meta-analysis for surgical techniques to prevent symptomatic Frey syndrome, a positive starch-iodine test, and contour deformity, favored intervention with a cumulative odds ratio (OR) of 0.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07-0.25]; OR, 0.21 (95% CI, 0.17-0.26); and OR, 0.09 (95% CI, 0.04-0.19), respectively. There was a significant difference in the incidence of these complications between surgical treatment groups and control groups (Z = 6.42, Z = 13.70, Z = 6.43, all P < 0.05). The application of a sternocleidomastoid muscle flap decreased the incidence of symptomatic Frey syndrome (Z = 2.33, P < 0.05), positive starch-iodine test (Z = 7.48, P < 0.05) and contour deformity (Z = 7.78, P < 0.05). The application of acellular dermal matrix decreased the incidence of symptomatic Frey syndrome (Z = 6.02, P < 0.05) and positive starch-iodine test (Z = 5.72, P < 0.05) but did not decrease the incidence of contour deformity (Z = 1.27, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis of operative techniques to prevent symptomatic Frey syndrome, a positive starch-iodine test, and facial asymmetry suggests that such methods are likely to reduce the incidence of these complications and improve the quality of life after parotidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
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Xu YQ, Li C, Fan JC. [Progress in studies on the surgical margins for pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2011; 46:430-432. [PMID: 21781573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Wu CD, Liu XH, Fan JC, Wang LS. Ultrasonic destruction of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in aqueous solution. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2001; 36:947-955. [PMID: 11501317 DOI: 10.1081/ese-100104123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The sonochemical destruction of binary mixtures of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in aqueous solution at 30 kHz has been studied. The influences of initial concentration, bicarbonate/chloride, and acoustical intensity on the destruction rates have been observed. It was found that the destruction of the two compounds appeared to follow pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics with the current experimental concentration range. The rate constant of chloroform for initial concentration as high as 100.4 mg/L decreased compared to initial concentration 36.13 micrograms/L, when the rate constants of carbon tetrachloride hardly changed. However, their destruction rates increased with increasing acoustical intensity and were independent of addition of bicarbonate or chloride. The resulting yield of ionic product (Cl-) for chloroform was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Wu
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210093, P. R. of China
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Abstract
Transparent heat-mirror films, which transmit solar radiation but reflect ir thermal radiation, have potentially important applications in solar/thermal/electric conversion, solar heating, solar photovoltaic conversion, and window insulation. We have used rf sputtering to prepare two types of films: TiO(2)/Ag/TiO(2) and Sn-doped In(2)O(3). To characterize the properties of heat-mirror films for solar-energy collection, we define the parameters alpha(eff), the effective solar absorptivity, and epsilon(eff), the effective ir emissivity. For our Sn-doped In(2)O(3) films, alpha(eff)/epsilon(eff) is comparable to the values of alpha/epsilon reported for the leading selective absorbers. Even higher values of alpha(eff)/epsilon(eff) are obtained for the TiO(2)/Ag/TiO(2) films.
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