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Motzer RJ, Porta C, Eto M, Hutson TE, Rha SY, Merchan JR, Winquist E, Gurney H, Grünwald V, George S, Markensohn J, Burgents JE, Cristescu R, Sachdev P, Narita Y, Huang J, Zhao Z, Okpara CE, Minoshima Y, Choueiri TK. Biomarker analyses from the phase 3 randomized CLEAR trial: Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus sunitinib in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2024:S0923-7534(24)04978-0. [PMID: 39672382 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 11/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In CLEAR, lenvatinib + pembrolizumab (L+P) significantly improved efficacy versus sunitinib in first-line treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We report results from CLEAR biomarker analyses. METHODS PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and next-generation sequencing assays (whole exome sequencing/RNA-sequencing) were performed on archival tumor specimens. For IHC-derived/RNA-sequencing analyses, a continuous analysis was performed adjusting by Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score for: PD-L1 CPS versus best overall response (BOR)/PFS; and each gene-signature score (T-cell inflamed gene-expression profile [TcellinfGEP]/non-TcellinfGEP signatures including proliferation and angiogenesis) versus BOR/PFS. Association between mutation status of RCC driver genes and PFS were analyzed for genes for which ≥20 patients per arm had oncogenic alterations. Association of molecular subtypes with outcome was evaluated with baseline KPS adjustments. The set of biomarkers evaluated and statistical significance criteria for PD-L1 CPS, gene signature scores, and molecular subtypes were pre-specified. RESULTS Within-arm analyses using continuous values showed no association between PD-L1 levels and BOR/PFS for either treatment. PFS hazard ratios between arms were similar regardless of mutant or wildtype subgroups of RCC driver genes (VHL, PBRM1, SETD2, BAP1, KDM5C). No associations between PFS and gene-signature scores were observed for L+P. With sunitinib, high proliferation and MYC signature scores showed shorter PFS; high angiogenesis and microvessel density signature scores showed longer PFS. Six new molecular subtypes were defined. Tumors of patients with favorable/intermediate risk were enriched in angiogenesis and angiogenesis/stromal clusters; those with poor risk were enriched in proliferative and unclassified (low-TcellinfGEP/low-angiogenesis/low-proliferation) clusters. No association between molecular subtypes and PFS for L+P/sunitinib was observed (after adjustment for KPS and gene signatures that were individually associated with PFS). CONCLUSIONS Improvements in ORR and PFS for L+P versus sunitinib in aRCC were observed consistently across a range of biomarker subgroups defined using RCC driver mutations, PD-L1, gene expression signatures, and molecular subtypes.
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Zhong CC, Huang J, Withers M, Wong MCS. Empowering women's health: a rising priority. Hong Kong Med J 2024; 30:441-443. [PMID: 39734070 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj245175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2024] Open
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Zhong CC, Xu W, Huang J, Wong MCS. Hepatitis B screening to reduce liver cancer burden. Hong Kong Med J 2024; 30:437-440. [PMID: 39734069 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj245170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2024] Open
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Zhang W, Li YM, Xu AJ, Wang XM, Wang Y, Duan WJ, Zhao XY, Xu HX, Jiang JP, Jiang W, Huang J, Ou XJ. [Analysis of clinical, gene mutation characteristics, and treatment prognosis of type 2A hereditary hemochromatosis in the Chinese population]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2024; 32:1013-1018. [PMID: 39623577 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231207-00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the clinical, genetic mutation characteristics, and treatment prognosis of type 2A hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) in China. Methods: Peripheral blood samples and clinical data of patients with primary iron overload were collected through the China Registry of Genetic/Metabolic Liver Disease from June 2015 to November 2023. HH-related genes were detected by Sanger sequencing. Clinical characteristics and gene mutation characteristics of HH patients carrying HJV gene mutations were analyzed. Results: Among the 37 cases with primary iron overload, ten cases (27.0%, 10/37) had detectable HJV gene mutations, which included four homozygous mutations, five compound heterozygous mutations, and one monoheterozygous mutation. p.Q6H and p.C321X (80.0%, 8/10) were the most common mutated sites. The average age of onset was 30.7±14.7 years. The age of diagnosis was 35.7±16.2 years, with male-to-female ratio of 7:3. Ferritin and transferrin saturation were (5 267±905) ng/ml, and 94.3%±1.2%, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging showed iron overload in the liver, pancreas, and myocardium. Liver biopsy showed diffuse iron deposition within hepatocytes. All ten cases had elevated transaminases; one case (1/10, 10.0%) had liver cirrhosis; four cases (4/10, 40.0%) had heart failure and arrhythmia; five cases (5/10, 50.0%) had diabetes; six cases (6/10, 60.0%) had hypogonadism; six cases (6/10, 60.0%) had skin pigmentation; and six cases (6/10, 60.0%) had fatigue symptoms. All six cases underwent bloodletting therapy, and ferritin levels dropped to about 100 ng/ml. Two cases of oral administration of the iron chelator deferasirox did not meet the ferritin level standard, and one case died from acute heart failure following a confirmed diagnosis during hospitalization. Conclusion: The HJV gene may be one of the main pathogenic genes of HH in China. The p.Q6H and p.C321X mutations were one of the hotspot mutations. The onset age of HJV gene-related HH was between 20 and 30 years old, and their condition was severe. Therefore, early bloodletting treatment can have a favorable outcome.
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Liu L, Zhao Q, Huang J, Lei S. Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice - Prophylactic Supplementation of Quercetin Exerts Hepatoprotective Effect by Modulating PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway. Physiol Res 2024; 73:703-716. [PMID: 39530906 PMCID: PMC11629949 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This current study seeks to examine the pre-protective function of Quercetin in Cadmium (Cd)-induced liver damage, along with its modulation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. A total of 60 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups: control (C), quercetin (Q, 100 mg/kg/day), Cd (Cd, 2.5 mg/kg/day), and quercetin and Cd (Q+Cd). Before receiving Cd treatment, quercetin was administered intragastrically for 4 weeks. In the present study, liver markers, oxidative stress parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, liver histopathology, apoptotic markers and PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB signaling molecules were examined. We observed that the body weight of the Cd-treated mice dramatically rise after 4 weeks of quercetin pre-administration, and the Cd concentration was significantly decreased. Liver function markers like alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly reduced in quercetin treatment in Cd-induced mice. Additionally, we observed that quercetin reduced Cd-mediated liver injury in mice by assessing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations and the histological alterations. By monitoring tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), quercetin successfully reduced the inflammatory cytokines that the Cd metal caused in the liver. Additionally, in the liver tissues of Cd-mediated, quercetin could enhance the expression of Bcl-2 and decrease the expression of p-Akt, p-PI3K, Bax, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, NF-kappaB. In conclusion, quercetin protects against Cd induced liver injury via several pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and its protective effect correlates with antioxidant activity.
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Poussard M, Pant SD, Huang J, Scott P, Ghorashi SA. Comparative evaluation of PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for detecting Pasteurella multocida in poultry. N Z Vet J 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39448061 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2024.2417921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a colourimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of Pasteurella multocida in clinical poultry samples and compare the performance of this assay with PCR. A secondary aim was to evaluate a simple DNA extraction method that could enable LAMP-based testing in the field without the need for specialised laboratory equipment. METHODS Primer sets for both LAMP and PCR were designed to amplify the KMT1 gene of P. multocida. DNA was extracted from 12 P. multocida isolates using a commercial extraction kit, and subjected to analysis using both LAMP and PCR. The analytical specificity of the LAMP assay was evaluated by testing it against a panel of 12 unrelated bacterial species, and the analytical sensitivity (limit of detection) was determined through testing of serial dilutions of the target DNA and compared to that of PCR. Subsequently, cloacal swabs (n = 40) from a commercial turkey flock were subjected to analysis using both LAMP and PCR assays, using a rapid DNA extraction method and a commercial extraction kit. Clinical sensitivity and specificity of the LAMP assay were calculated in comparison to PCR. RESULTS A single DNA fragment of the expected size (∼ 200 base pairs), was amplified by PCR from 12 P. multocida isolates, which were also all positive by the LAMP assay. The identity of all PCR amplicons was confirmed by sequencing. Both PCR and LAMP showed similar analytical sensitivity, with a LOD of 20 pg of target DNA. As neither PCR nor LAMP assays produced positive results with 12 non-related bacterial species, the analytical specificity was assessed as 100%. However, LAMP demonstrated lower clinical specificity (94.74%) compared to PCR (100%) when 40 clinical samples were tested. None of the DNA samples extracted using the simplified DNA extraction method were amplified by either LAMP or PCR. CONCLUSION The LAMP assay developed in this study exhibits comparable performance to PCR in detecting P. multocida. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of a rapid and portable DNA extraction method, in conjunction with LAMP assays, could create opportunities for point-of-care testing for fowl cholera in field settings.
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Huang J, Jaekel A, van den Boom J, Podlesainski D, Elnaggar M, Heuer-Jungemann A, Kaiser M, Meyer H, Saccà B. A modular DNA origami nanocompartment for engineering a cell-free, protein unfolding and degradation pathway. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:1521-1531. [PMID: 39075293 PMCID: PMC11486656 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Within the cell, chemical reactions are often confined and organized through a modular architecture. This facilitates the targeted localization of molecular species and their efficient translocation to subsequent sites. Here we present a cell-free nanoscale model that exploits compartmentalization strategies to carry out regulated protein unfolding and degradation. Our synthetic model comprises two connected DNA origami nanocompartments (each measuring 25 nm × 41 nm × 53 nm): one containing the protein unfolding machine, p97, and the other housing the protease chymotrypsin. We achieve the unidirectional immobilization of p97 within the first compartment, establishing a gateway mechanism that controls substrate recruitment, translocation and processing within the second compartment. Our data show that, whereas spatial confinement increases the rate of the individual reactions by up to tenfold, the physical connection of the compartmentalized enzymes into a chimera efficiently couples the two reactions and reduces off-target proteolysis by almost sixfold. Hence, our modular approach may serve as a blueprint for engineering artificial nanofactories with reshaped catalytic performance and functionalities beyond those observed in natural systems.
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Zhen J, Huang J, Cao Q, Cheung BMY, Li C. Neurofilament light chain is associated with olfactory dysfunction in US adults: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Rhinology 2024; 62:548-556. [PMID: 39075783 DOI: 10.4193/rhin24.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many individuals who have olfactory dysfunction are not aware of their impairment, which results in delayed detection of potentially hazardous situations. Simple and accurate methods for objectively assessing olfactory function are needed. In this study, we aim to investigate the utility of serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels as an indicator of olfactory dysfunction. METHODOLOGY We analysed data on 1290 participants aged 40 years and older, who had valid data on olfaction and NfL level from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013â€"2014. Multivariable modeling was used to investigate the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and NfL. RESULTS Among 1290 participants, 174 participants had olfactory dysfunction based on the results of the NHANES Pocket Smell Test. In ordinal regression models, objective olfactory dysfunction was associated with NfL. After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, diabetes, smoking, olfaction-related medical history, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer’s disease, the association remained significant. In logistic regression models, compared to participants with lower levels of NfL in the first tertile, those in the second and third tertiles had higher odds of objective olfactory dysfunction. There was no association between self-reported olfactory dysfunction and NfL tertiles. CONCLUSIONS A strong association between objective olfactory dysfunction and serum NfL level was observed. NfL, independent of age, is a reliable marker indicating the development of olfactory dysfunction. The measurement of serum NfL level provides valuable support for assessment of olfactory dysfunction in clinical practice.
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You JY, Guo W, Geng L, Huang J, Shen YL, Zhang Q. [Beneficial effects of extravascular lung water index-guided volum management in patients with cardiogenic shock]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2024; 52:1081-1089. [PMID: 39289999 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20240213-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the role of volume management guided by extravascular lung water index(EVLWI) in improving the clinical outcomes and cardiac function for patients with cardiogenic shock. Methods: This study was a single-center, prospective cohort study. Patients with cardiogenic shock admitted to the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital from July 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled. Patients were matched 1∶1 by propensity score and divided into EVLWI group and control group. In the control group, the volume management strategy was determined by the attending physician based mainly on conventional factors, including clinical features, biochemical assessments, and certain blood pressure measurements. In EVLWI group, the volume management plan was formulated by integrating conventional factors with EVLWI derived from pulse index continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) monitoring. Baseline clinical data, in-hospital treatment, and hemodynamic data were collected. Major adverse cardiovascular events and cardiac function related parameters were compared at 30 d after treatment between the two groups. Baseline EVLWI levels were compared between the non-survivors and the survivors in the EVLWI group. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to assess the accuracy of baseline EVLWI and central venous pressure in predicting all-cause mortality at 30 d after treatment in patients with cardiogenic shock, and subgroup analysis was performed according to ischemic/non-ischemic etiology and with/without use of inotropic drugs. Kaplan-Meier curve was used for survival analysis, with log-rank tests comparing all-cause mortality, cardiac death, and readmission rate for heart failure at 30 d after treatment. Results: A total of 200 patients with cardiogenic shock were enrolled, aged (71.35±12.82) years, 144(72%) males, EVLWI group and control group 100 patients each. Compared with the control group, EVLWI group had lower all-cause mortality (16%(16/100) vs. 42%(42/100), log-rank P<0.01), cardiac death (14%(14/100) vs. 34%(34/100), log-rank P<0.01), and readmission rate for heart failure (4%(4/100) vs. 12%(12/100), log-rank P=0.03) at 30 d after treatment. Subgroup analysis showed that EVLWI-guided volume management was associated with lower all-cause mortality at 30 d after treatment in patients with cardiogenic shock of ischemic or non-ischemic etiology and with or without inotropic drugs (all P<0.05). In EVLWI group, baseline EVLWI levels were higher in non-survivors than those in survivors [(15.99±6.47) ml/kg vs.(9.75±2.55) ml/kg, P<0.01]. The baseline EVLWI could predicting all-cause mortality at 30 d after treatment in patients with cardiogenic shock, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.84 (95%CI: 0.75-0.94, P<0.01), while the baseline central venous pressure had no predicting value (AUC=0.54, 95%CI: 0.40-0.69, P=0.60). The optimal cutoff value of EVLWI in pridicting all-cause mortality at 30 d after treatment in patients with cardiogenic shock was >10.3 ml/kg. With the optimization of hemodynamic parameters, left ventricular ejection fraction was improved in EVLWI group, and serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and lactic acid were decreased (all P<0.05). Conclusion: EVLWI-guided volume management exerts a beneficial effect on therapeutic decision-making and improves clinical outcomes and cardiac function in patients with cardiogenic shock.
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Zhang W, Zhao XY, Huang J, Ou XJ, Jia JD. [Progress in drug therapy of Wilson's disease]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2024; 32:783-786. [PMID: 39375099 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240714-00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Wilson's disease, also known as hepatolenticular degeneration, is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in the ATP7B gene, which is mainly clinically manifested as liver disease and/or neurological/psychological disorders, and Kayser-Fleischer ring in the peripheral cornea. Patients with Wilson's disease are currently treated with lifelong use of chelating agents that promote copper ion excretion and/or zinc agents that reduce copper absorption, but there is still an unmet clinical need because some patients who receive treatment have poor efficacy, disease progression, or serious adverse drug reactions. In recent years, new therapeutic drugs have been developed rapidly. This article will summarize the advances in drug treatment of Wilson's disease, shedding new light on the treatment of Wilson's disease.
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Agostini M, Alexander A, Araujo G, Bakalyarov AM, Balata M, Barabanov I, Baudis L, Bauer C, Belogurov S, Bettini A, Bezrukov L, Biancacci V, Bossio E, Bothe V, Brugnera R, Caldwell A, Calgaro S, Cattadori C, Chernogorov A, Chiu PJ, Comellato T, D'Andrea V, Demidova EV, Marco ND, Doroshkevich E, Fomina M, Gangapshev A, Garfagnini A, Gooch C, Grabmayr P, Gurentsov V, Gusev K, Hakenmüller J, Hemmer S, Hofmann W, Huang J, Hult M, Inzhechik LV, Csáthy JJ, Jochum J, Junker M, Kazalov V, Kermaïdic Y, Khushbakht H, Kihm T, Kilgus K, Kirpichnikov IV, Klimenko A, Knöpfle KT, Kochetov O, Kornoukhov VN, Krause P, Kuzminov VV, Laubenstein M, Lindner M, Lippi I, Lubashevskiy A, Lubsandorzhiev B, Lutter G, Macolino C, Majorovits B, Maneschg W, Marshall G, Misiaszek M, Morella M, Müller Y, Nemchenok I, Neuberger M, Pandola L, Pelczar K, Pertoldi L, Piseri P, Pullia A, Ransom C, Rauscher L, Redchuk M, Riboldi S, Rumyantseva N, Sada C, Sailer S, Salamida F, Schönert S, Schreiner J, Schütz AK, Schulz O, Schwarz M, Schwingenheuer B, Selivanenko O, Shevchik E, Shirchenko M, Shtembari L, Simgen H, Smolnikov A, Stukov D, Sullivan S, Vasenko AA, Veresnikova A, Vignoli C, Sturm KV, Wester T, Wiesinger C, Wojcik M, Yanovich E, Zatschler B, Zhitnikov I, Zhukov SV, Zinatulina D, Zschocke A, Zuber K, Zuzel G. Searches for new physics below twice the electron mass with GERDA. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2024; 84:940. [PMID: 39309033 PMCID: PMC11410851 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
A search for full energy depositions from bosonic keV-scale dark matter candidates of masses between 65 and 1021 keV has been performed with data collected during Phase II of the GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) experiment. Our analysis includes direct dark matter absorption as well as dark Compton scattering. With a total exposure of 105.5 kg years, no evidence for a signal above the background has been observed. The resulting exclusion limits deduced with either Bayesian or Frequentist statistics are the most stringent direct constraints in the major part of the 140-1021 keV mass range. As an example, at a mass of 150 keV the dimensionless coupling of dark photons and axion-like particles to electrons has been constrained toα ' / α < 8.7 × 10 - 24 andg ae < 3.3 × 10 - 12 at 90% credible interval (CI), respectively. Additionally, a search for peak-like signals from beyond the Standard Model decays of nucleons and electrons is performed. We find for the inclusive decay of a single neutron in76 Ge a lower lifetime limit ofτ n > 1.5 × 10 24 years and for a protonτ p > 1.3 × 10 24 years at 90% CI. For the electron decaye - → ν e γ a lower limit ofτ e > 5.4 × 10 25 years at 90% CI has been determined. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13020-0.
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Huang J, Ye LT, Luo N, Cheng L, Xiang YZ, Huang JJ. [Analysis of factors affecting the progression of visual field defects in patients with myopia and primary open-angle glaucoma]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 60:736-745. [PMID: 39267552 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20240424-00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the factors affecting the progression of visual field defects in patients with myopia and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and to clarify whether the factors vary in patients with different degrees of myopia. Method: An ambispective cohort study was conducted among patients diagnosed with myopia and POAG from the glaucoma outpatient department at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2006 and January 2024. Based on the criteria of functional visual field progression, patients were divided into the progression group and non-progression group, and further divided into the low to moderate myopia subgroup and high myopia subgroup according to the degree of myopia. The patient age, gender, type of glaucoma (high tension glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma), spherical equivalent refraction, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, recorded as the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution), intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness, baseline visual field, history of ophthalmic surgery (corneal refractive surgery and glaucoma surgery), and number of anti-glaucoma medications were summarized. The generalized estimation equation was used for comparison between groups, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the factors affecting the progression of visual field defects. Results: A total of 182 eyes from 106 patients were included in this study. There were 57 eyes in the progression group and 125 eyes in the non-progression group. Compared with the non-progression group, the progression group had the older age [43 (29, 53) years old], worse BCVA [0.05 (0.00, 0.17)], greater IOP fluctuation [1.8 (1.3, 2.9)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)], more common baseline central defects [52.6%(30/57)], higher visual field pattern standard deviations [8.92 (5.32, 12.00)dB], lower visual field index [77% (67%, 88%)], and more anti-glaucoma medications [35.1% (20/57) patients used three medications] (all P<0.05). The Cox proportional hazards models showed that the baseline moderate visual field defects [hazard ratio (HR)=2.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25 to 4.36, P=0.008], baseline central defects (HR=2.09, 95%CI: 1.11 to 3.93, P=0.022), older age (Model A, HR=1.03, 95%CI: 1.00 to 1.05, P=0.017; Model B, HR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.00 to 1.05, P=0.019), and greater IOP fluctuation (Model A, HR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.32 to 1.81, P<0.001; Model B, HR=1.49, 95%CI: 1.26 to 1.75, P<0.001) were risk factors for visual field progression. In the low to moderate myopia subgroup, the increased risk of progression was associated with baseline central defects (HR=5.74, 95%CI: 1.72 to 19.20, P=0.005), worse BCVA (Model A, HR=15.80, 95%CI: 2.07 to 121.00, P=0.008; Model B, HR=12.50, 95%CI: 2.65 to 58.70, P=0.001), and older age (Model A, HR=1.05, 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.08, P=0.002; Model B, HR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.03 to 1.11, P<0.001). In the high myopia subgroup, the increased risk of progression was associated with baseline moderate visual field defects (HR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.12 to 4.92, P=0.024) and greater IOP fluctuation (Model A, HR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.24 to 1.82, P<0.001; Model B, HR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.26 to 1.83, P<0.001). Conclusions: Age, IOP fluctuation, baseline moderate visual field defects, and baseline central defects were the factors affecting the progression of visual field defects in patients with myopia and POAG. There were differences in the influencing factors of visual field progression in patients with different degrees of myopia.
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Zhang M, Xie J, Huang J, Chen Y, Wang J, Yi L, Yang H. Magnetic resonance lymphography findings across different clinical stages of lower limb lymphedema. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 96:129-135. [PMID: 39084026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the findings on lower limb lymphedema using magnetic resonance lymphography (MRL). METHODS MRL was used to record the lymphatic vessel morphology, distribution of lymphatic vessels, dermal backflow (DBF), and morphology of inguinal lymph nodes in 112 patients (175 affected limbs) with lower limb lymphedema at different clinical stages (according to the International Society of Lymphology staging criteria 2020). RESULTS The lymphatic vessel morphology significantly differed at different clinical stages (X2 =59.306; P = 0.000). ISL stage I is dominated by "scattered beads" and "branch-like" distribution, ISL stage Ⅱ has tree branch or "capillary-like" distribution, and ISL stage Ⅲ primarily has a capillary pattern and contrast agent accumulation in the foot. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of lymphatic vessels and DBF in different clinical stages. Distribution of the enhanced lymphatic vessels was distal to the knee in ISL stage I, involved areas below the knee joint or the whole limb in ISL stage II, and involved the whole limb in ISL stage III (X2 =44.591; P = 0.000). With the progression of edema, DBF severity increased (X2 =76.416; P = 0.000). CONCLUSION MRL revealed the morphology and distribution of lymphatic vessels and detected abnormal inguinal lymph nodes in patients at different stages of lymphedema, which can be used as reference information for surgical treatment.
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Zhou S, Liang Z, Li Q, Tian W, Song S, Wang Z, Huang J, Ren M, Liu G, Xu M, Zheng ZJ. Individual and area-level socioeconomic status, Life's Simple 7, and comorbid cardiovascular disease and cancer: a prospective analysis of the UK Biobank cohort. Public Health 2024; 234:178-186. [PMID: 39024928 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the associations of individual and area-level socioeconomic status (SES) with incident cardiovascular diseases (CVD) alone, cancer alone, and comorbid CVD and cancer, and the mediation role of cardiovascular health score in these associations. STUDY DESIGN This was a population-based prospective cohort study. METHODS We used data from the UK Biobank, a population-based prospective cohort study. Latent class analysis was used to create an individual-level SES index based on three indicators (household income, education level, and employment status), and the Townsend Index was defined as the area-level socioeconomic status. We used the American Heart Association's (AHA) Life's Simple 7 (smoking, body weight, physical activity, diet, blood pressure, blood glucose, and total cholesterol) to calculate the cardiovascular health score. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) adjusted for demographic, environmental, and genetic factors. RESULTS Compared with high SES, the HRs in participants with low individual and area-level SES were 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29 to 1.38) and 1.24 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.29) for incident CVD, 0.96 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.99) and 0.95 (95%CI 0.92 to 0.98) for incident cancer, 1.32 (95%CI 1.24 to 1.40) and 1.15 (95%CI 1.08 to 1.22) for incident comorbid CVD and cancer, respectively. Additionally, the mediation proportion of CVD score for individual and area-level SES was 47.93% and 48.87% for incident CVD, 44.83% and 59.93% for incident comorbid CVD and cancer. The interactions between individual-level SES and CVD scores were significant on incident CVD, and comorbid CVD and cancer, and the protective associations were stronger in participants with high individual-level SES. CONCLUSIONS Life's Simple 7 significantly mediated the associations between SES and comorbid CVD and cancer, while almost half of the associations remained unclear.
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Zhao H, Wen Y, Liang K, Huang J, Fang Y. Anxiety and its relationship to demographic and personality traits data among special operations divers: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Mil Health 2024:e002732. [PMID: 39209339 DOI: 10.1136/military-2024-002732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Special operation diving is becoming increasingly prevalent but has received less attention. The anxiety profile in special operation divers and its influencing factors remain unclear, posing great challenges to medical and psychological security of this unique population. The current study aimed to investigate the anxiety profile and to analyse the correlations between anxiety with demographic and personality traits data among special operation divers. METHODS From July to October 2023, 650 special operation divers participated this analytical cross-sectional study. The Spielberg's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory were used to evaluate anxiety and personality traits of special operation divers. RESULTS 27.2% and 30.3% special operation divers showed high scores on state anxiety and trait anxiety, respectively. Special operation divers who are 30 years or older and who have dived for 15 years or more are prone to higher level of trait anxiety and state anxiety (all p<0.001). Neuroticism showed a significantly positive correlation with both trait anxiety (r=0.675, p<0.001) and state anxiety (r=0.674, p<0.001). Extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness are all negatively correlated with both trait anxiety and state anxiety (r=-0.670 to -0.400, all p<0.001). Additionally, significant differences in neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness were observed between the high anxiety group and the low anxiety group (all p<0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of trait anxiety and state anxiety are both relatively high among special operation divers. Individuals with older age and longer diving years are more prone to be anxious. Higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, lower openness, lower agreeableness and lower conscientiousness may be predictors of higher trait anxiety and higher state anxiety.
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Royse CA, Huang J, Thomas JE. Collective Dynamical Fermi Suppression of Optically Induced Inelastic Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:083404. [PMID: 39241736 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.083404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
We observe strong dynamical suppression of optically induced loss in a weakly interacting Fermi gas as the s-wave scattering length is increased. A single trapped cigar-shaped cloud behaves as a large spin lattice in energy space with a tunable Heisenberg Hamiltonian. The loss suppression occurs as the lattice transitions into a magnetized state, where the fermionic nature of the atoms inhibits interactions. The data are quantitatively explained by incorporating spin-dependent loss into a quasiclassical collective spin vector model, the success of which enables the application of optical control of effective long-range interactions to this system.
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Liu XZ, Zhou SJ, Huang J, Zhao CF, Jiang LX, Zhang YD, Mei C, Ma LY, Zhou XP, Shao YP, Wu GQ, Xiao XB, Yao RX, Du XH, Hu TL, Qian SX, Li Y, Yan XF, Huang L, Wang ML, Fu JP, Shou LH, Jiang WH, Jin WM, Li LJ, Le J, Luo WJ, Zhang Y, Zhou XJ, Zhang H, Lang XH, Zhou M, Jin J, Jiang HF, Zhang J, Ouyang GF, Tong HY. [Long-term hypomethylating agents in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: a multi-center retrospective study]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2024; 45:738-747. [PMID: 39307720 PMCID: PMC11535563 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121090-20240405-00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hypomethylating agents (HMA) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) . Methods: A total of 409 MDS patients from 45 hospitals in Zhejiang province who received at least four consecutive cycles of HMA monotherapy as initial therapy were enrolled to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HMA. Mann-Whitney U or Chi-square tests were used to compare the differences in the clinical data. Logistic regression and Cox regression were used to analyze the factors affecting efficacy and survival. Kaplan-Meier was used for survival analysis. Results: Patients received HMA treatment for a median of 6 cycles (range, 4-25 cycles) . The complete remission (CR) rate was 33.98% and the overall response rate (ORR) was 77.02%. Multivariate analysis revealed that complex karyotype (P=0.02, OR=0.39, 95%CI 0.18-0.84) was an independent favorable factor for CR rate. TP53 mutation (P=0.02, OR=0.22, 95%CI 0.06-0.77) was a predictive factor for a higher ORR. The median OS for the HMA-treated patients was 25.67 (95%CI 21.14-30.19) months. HMA response (P=0.036, HR=0.47, 95%CI 0.23-0.95) was an independent favorable prognostic factor, whereas complex karyotype (P=0.024, HR=2.14, 95%CI 1.10-4.15) , leukemia transformation (P<0.001, HR=2.839, 95%CI 1.64-4.92) , and TP53 mutation (P=0.012, HR=2.19, 95%CI 1.19-4.07) were independent adverse prognostic factors. There was no significant difference in efficacy and survival between the reduced and standard doses of HMA. The CR rate and ORR of MDS patients treated with decitabine and azacitidine were not significantly different. The median OS of patients treated with decitabine was longer compared with that of patients treated with azacitidine (29.53 months vs 20.17 months, P=0.007) . The incidence of bone marrow suppression and pneumonia in the decitabine group was higher compared with that in the azacitidine group. Conclusion: Continuous and regular use of appropriate doses of hypomethylating agents may benefit MDS patients to the greatest extent if it is tolerated.
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Chen XQ, Huang J, Lan Y, Wu YL, Yan XC, Bian XW, Duan GJ. [ELOC-mutated renal cell carcinoma with new mutation site combined with lung adenocarcinoma: report of a case]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 53:861-863. [PMID: 39103273 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20231110-00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
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Zang F, Liu J, Wen Y, Jin X, Yang Y, Li L, Di J, Tang H, Wu J, Liu J, Liu H, Huang J, Zhang J, Li S, Yang L, Wang X, Geng S, Xing H, Xie J, Hua J, Xue X, Zhao Y, Ouyang L, Song P, Zhuang G, Chen W. Adherence to guidelines and central-line-associated bloodstream infection occurrence during insertion and maintenance of intravascular catheters: evidence from 20 tertiary hospitals. J Hosp Infect 2024; 150:17-25. [PMID: 38838743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate adherence to intravascular catheter (IVC) insertion and maintenance guidelines in Chinese tertiary hospitals. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of adult inpatients with IVC placements was conducted from July to September 2022 in 20 tertiary hospitals in China. One clinical staff member from each department in each hospital was assigned to participate in the survey. Questionnaires were uniformly collected and reviewed after three months. RESULTS This study included 1815 cases (62.69%) of central venous catheter, 471 cases (16.27%) of peripherally inserted central catheter, 461 cases (15.92%) of PORT, and 147 cases (5.08%) of haemodialysis catheter insertions. Statistically significant differences in compliance were observed across the four IVC types, specifically in relation to the insertion checklist, standard operating procedure, and insertion environment (P<0.05). Practice adherence during IVC maintenance differed significantly across the four IVC types in aspects such as availability of IVC maintenance verification forms, daily scrubbing of the catheterized patients, and catheter connection methods (P<0.05). A total of 386 (13.34%) patients developed fever, 1086 (37.53%) were treated with therapeutic antibiotics, 16 (0.55%) developed central-line-associated bloodstream infections, two (0.07%) developed local skin infections, and six (0.21%) developed deep vein thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to guidelines regarding insertion and maintenance differed across the four IVC types; there is a gap between the recommended measures and the actual operation of the guidelines. Therefore, it is necessary to further enhance training and develop checklists to prevent central-line-associated bloodstream infections.
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Huang J, Guo MY, Luo H, Zuo XX. [Erdheim-Chester disease manifesting as diabetes insipidus: a case report]. ZHONGHUA NEI KE ZA ZHI 2024; 63:699-701. [PMID: 38951096 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20231201-00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
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McDaniel CC, Lo-Ciganic WH, Huang J, Chou C. A machine learning model to predict therapeutic inertia in type 2 diabetes using electronic health record data. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1419-1433. [PMID: 38160431 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the therapeutic inertia prevalence for patients with type 2 diabetes, develop and validate a machine learning model predicting therapeutic inertia, and determine the added predictive value of area-level social determinants of health (SDOH). METHODS This prognostic study with a retrospective cohort design used OneFlorida data (linked electronic health records (EHRs) from 1240 practices/clinics in Florida). The study cohort included adults (aged ≥ 18) with type 2 diabetes, HbA1C ≥ 7% (53 mmol/mol), ≥one ambulatory visit, and ≥one antihyperglycemic medication prescribed (excluded patients prescribed insulin before HbA1C). The outcome was therapeutic inertia, defined as absence of treatment intensification within six months after HbA1C ≥ 7% (53 mmol/mol). The predictors were patient, provider, and healthcare system factors. Machine learning methods included gradient boosting machines (GBM), random forests (RF), elastic net (EN), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). The DeLong test compared the discriminative ability (represented by C-statistics) between models. RESULTS The cohort included 31,087 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age = 58.89 (SD = 13.27) years, 50.50% male, 58.89% White). The therapeutic inertia prevalence was 39.80% among the 68,445 records. GBM outperformed (C-statistic from testing sample = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.83-0.84) RF (C-statistic = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.79-0.80), EN (C-statistic = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.80-0.81), and LASSO (C-statistic = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.80-0.81), p < 0.05. Area-level SDOH significantly increased the discriminative ability versus models without SDOH (C-statistic for GBM = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.84-0.85 vs. 0.84, 95% CI = 0.83-0.84), p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Using EHRs of patients with type 2 diabetes from a large state, machine learning predicted therapeutic inertia (prevalence = 40%). The model's ability to predict patients at high risk of therapeutic inertia is clinically applicable to diabetes care.
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Ding S, Garofalo AM, Wang HQ, Weisberg DB, Li ZY, Jian X, Eldon D, Victor BS, Marinoni A, Hu QM, Carvalho IS, Odstrčil T, Wang L, Hyatt AW, Osborne TH, Gong XZ, Qian JP, Huang J, McClenaghan J, Holcomb CT, Hanson JM. Author Correction: A high-density and high-confinement tokamak plasma regime for fusion energy. Nature 2024; 630:E4. [PMID: 38778118 PMCID: PMC11168918 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
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Qiao H, Chen Y, Yang K, Wang J, Chou Y, Chen L, Zhang Y, Huang J, Duan E, Su L. Treatment with mannose oligosaccharides reverses the intestinal injury in the acetylsalicylic acid-treated rat model. Pol J Vet Sci 2024; 27:249-259. [PMID: 39736069 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2024]
Abstract
Mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) has been shown to promote animal growth, maintain intestinal health, and activate the intestinal immune system. However, the question of whether MOS can stimulate the immune system and alleviate acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-induced gut damage remains unresolved. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of MOS pretreatment on the immunological and anti-inflammatory capabilities of rats with ASA-induced intestinal injury. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups and were fed with 0 (negative control), 100, 300, 600, and 800 mg/kg·Body weight (BW) of MOS for 3 weeks. From day 8, rats were fed with 200 mg/kg BW of ASA for 14 days to induce intestinal injury. The growth performance, viscera index, serum and intestinal immunity, intestinal inflammation and morphology of ASA-induced intestinal injury rats with or without MOS administration were investigated. In MOS deficient rats, oral treatment of ASA causes severe intestine damage and immunological dysfunction. In a rat model, 600 mg/kg BW MOS can lower the expression of inflammatory markers and effectively increase liver index, serum interleukin-2 (IL-2), lysozyme contents, intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and mucus volume, intestinal villus height, crypt depth and villus height/crypt depth in comparison to the ASA group. These results imply that providing rats with MOS at the appropriate dosage can significantly improve their immune system and successfully shield the intestines from ASA damage. MOS is therefore expected to be a promising gut immunopotentiator for enhancing intestinal health in animals.
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Yang X, Li CL, Chen J, Che FF, Xiao R, Li H, Huang J, Jiang T, Yang HQ, Wang H, Kuang XC, Huang XB. [Retrospective clinical study on cryopreservation-free integrated autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation model for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2024; 45:488-494. [PMID: 38964924 PMCID: PMC11270491 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121090-20230929-00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of cryopreservation-free integrated autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) model for patients with multiple myeloma. Methods: A total of 96 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) between July 31, 2020, and December 31, 2022, were retrospectively analyzed, of which 41 patients in the observation group received integrated non-cryopreserved transplantation mode. After hematopoietic stem cells were mobilized and collected, melphalan was started immediately for pre-transplant conditioning, and non-cryopreserved grafts from the medical blood transfusion refrigerator were directly injected intravenously into the patient within 24-48 h after the melphalan conditioning. The control group consisted of 55 patients who received traditional transplantation mode. After hematopoietic stem cells were collected, stem cell cryopreservation was performed in liquid nitrogen, and then the transplant plans were started at the right time. All patients received mobilization of autologous hematopoietic stem cells using the G-CSF combined with the plerixafor. Results: ① A total of 34 patients (82.9% ) with VGPR plus CR in the observation group were significantly higher than 33 patients (60.0% ) in the control group (P=0.016). ②Compared with the control group, the incidence of grade 1 oral mucosal inflammation was higher in the observation group (P<0.001) ; however, the incidence of grades 2 and 3 oral mucosal inflammation was lower (P=0.004, P=0.048), and neither group experienced grade 4 or above oral mucosal inflammation. The incidence of grade 1 diarrhea was higher in the observation group (P=0.002), whereas the incidence of grade 3 diarrhea was lower (P=0.007). No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of grade 4 diarrhea (P=0.506), and neither group experienced grade 5 diarrhea. ③ The incidence of bacterial infection in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (34.1% vs 65.5%, P=0.002), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of fungal infection (29.3% vs 31.4%, P=0.863) and viral infection (4.88% vs 3.64%, P=0.831). ④No statistically significant difference was observed in the implantation time of granulocytes and platelets between the observation and control groups [10 (8-20) days vs 11 (8-17) days, P=0.501; 13 (10-21) days vs 15 (10-20) days, P=0.245]. ⑤ All patients did not receive lenalidomide treatment 100 days post-transplantation. At 30 days post-transplantation, the CTL, NK, and Th cell counts in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.001, P=0.002, P=0.049), and the NKT cell counts were higher than those in the control group (P=0.024). At 100 days post-transplantation, the CTL, NKT, and Th cell counts in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P=0.025, P=0.011, P=0.007), and no statistically significant difference in NK cell counts was observed between the two groups (P=0.396). ⑥ The median follow-up was 18 (4-33) months. The overall 2-year survival rates of the observation and control groups post-transplantation were 91.5% and 78.2%, respectively (P=0.337). The recurrence-free survival rates were 85.3% and 77.6%, respectively (P=0.386), and the cumulative recurrence rates were 9.8% and 16.9%, respectively (P=0.373) . Conclusion: In NDMM, the cryopreservation-free integrated autologous HSCT model can achieve similar therapeutic effects as traditional transplantation models, with lower rates of severe mucosal inflammation and infection compared with traditional transplantation models.
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Do VV, Spears CA, Ling PM, Eriksen MP, Weaver SR, Pechacek TF, Nyman AL, Emery SL, Berg CJ, Huang J. Racial/ethnic disparities in exposure to e-cigarette advertising among U.S. youth. Public Health 2024; 230:89-95. [PMID: 38521029 PMCID: PMC11369641 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess exposure to e-cigarette advertising across multiple marketing channels among U.S. youth and to examine whether racial/ethnic disparities exist in exposure to e-cigarette advertisements. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS Cross-sectional data were drawn from a longitudinal survey of participants recruited from two nationally representative panels (NORC's AmeriSpeak® and GfK's KnowledgePanel). A total of 2043 youth aged 13-17 completed the initial 2018 survey, and 2013 youth completed the follow-up survey in 2019 (including a replenishment sample of 690 youth). Outcome variables were self-reported e-cigarette advertisement exposure in the past three months through various sources, such as television, point of sale, and online/social media. Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of the association between racial/ethnic identity and e-cigarette advertisement exposure. RESULTS The prevalence of reported exposure to e-cigarette advertisements through any channel was 79.8% (95% CI: 77.1-82.2) in 2018 and 74.9% (95% CI: 72.5-77.1) in 2019, respectively. Point of sale was the most common source of e-cigarette advertisement exposure in both years. Non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic Asian youth were more likely to report exposure to e-cigarette advertisements through television (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.44-2.99 and AOR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.17-3.82, respectively) and online/social media (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.11-2.33 and AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.10-3.59, respectively) channels compared with non-Hispanic White youth. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of U.S. youth reported exposure to e-cigarette advertising through a variety of marketing channels. Significant racial/ethnic disparities existed, with non-Hispanic Black and Asian youth reporting more marketing exposure than their non-Hispanic White counterparts.
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