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Whole-genome sequencing analysis in fetal structural anomalies: novel phenotype-genotype discoveries. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2024; 63:664-671. [PMID: 37842862 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The identification of structural variants and single-nucleotide variants is essential in finding molecular etiologies of monogenic genetic disorders. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is becoming more widespread in genetic disease diagnosis. However, data on its clinical utility remain limited in prenatal practice. We aimed to expand our understanding of implementing WGS in the genetic diagnosis of fetal structural anomalies. METHODS We employed trio WGS with a minimum coverage of 40× on the MGI DNBSEQ-T7 platform in a cohort of 17 fetuses presenting with aberrations detected by ultrasound, but uninformative findings of standard chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and exome sequencing (ES). RESULTS Causative genetic variants were identified in two families, with an increased diagnostic yield of 11.8% (2/17). Both were exon-level copy-number variants of small size (3.03 kb and 5.16 kb) and beyond the detection thresholds of CMA and ES. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, we have described the first prenatal instance of the association of FGF8 with holoprosencephaly and facial deformities. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis demonstrates the clinical value of WGS in the diagnosis of the underlying etiology of fetuses with structural abnormalities, when routine genetic tests have failed to provide a diagnosis. Additionally, the novel variants and new fetal manifestations have expanded the mutational and phenotypic spectrums of BBS9 and FGF8. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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CD200 + fibroblasts form a pro-resolving mesenchymal network in arthritis. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:682-692. [PMID: 38396288 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are important regulators of inflammation, but whether fibroblasts change phenotype during resolution of inflammation is not clear. Here we use positron emission tomography to detect fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a means to visualize fibroblast activation in vivo during inflammation in humans. While tracer accumulation is high in active arthritis, it decreases after tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-17A inhibition. Biopsy-based single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses in experimental arthritis show that FAP signal reduction reflects a phenotypic switch from pro-inflammatory MMP3+/IL6+ fibroblasts (high FAP internalization) to pro-resolving CD200+DKK3+ fibroblasts (low FAP internalization). Spatial transcriptomics of human joints indicates that pro-resolving niches of CD200+DKK3+ fibroblasts cluster with type 2 innate lymphoid cells, whereas MMP3+/IL6+ fibroblasts colocalize with inflammatory immune cells. CD200+DKK3+ fibroblasts stabilized the type 2 innate lymphoid cell phenotype and induced resolution of arthritis via CD200-CD200R1 signaling. Taken together, these data suggest a dynamic molecular regulation of the mesenchymal compartment during resolution of inflammation.
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Application of deep learning in radiation therapy for cancer. Cancer Radiother 2024; 28:208-217. [PMID: 38519291 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of artificial intelligence, deep learning has been gradually applied to clinical treatment and research. It has also found its way into the applications in radiotherapy, a crucial method for cancer treatment. This study summarizes the commonly used and latest deep learning algorithms (including transformer, and diffusion models), introduces the workflow of different radiotherapy, and illustrates the application of different algorithms in different radiotherapy modules, as well as the defects and challenges of deep learning in the field of radiotherapy, so as to provide some help for the development of automatic radiotherapy for cancer.
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Abdominal wall mass resections: single-center closure practices and outcomes following oncologic resections of abdominal wall fascia. Hernia 2024; 28:457-464. [PMID: 38062203 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radical resections for abdominal wall tumors are rare, thus yielding limited data on reconstruction of defects. We describe surgical management and long-term outcomes following radical tumor resection. METHODS This was a single-center retrospective review of patients between January 2010 and December 2022. Variables included operative characteristics, wound complications, hernia development, tumor recurrence, and reoperation. A multivariable analysis compared wound morbidity for suture and mesh repairs while adjusting for defect width, fascial closure, and CDC wound class. RESULTS 120 patients were identified. Mean follow-up was 3.9 ± 3.4 years. Seventy-five (62.5%) of the masses were primary; most commonly desmoid (n = 25) and endometrioma (n = 27). Forty-five masses were metastases. Mean tumor width was 6.2 ± 3.4 cm; mean defect width was 8.1 ± 4.1 cm. Sixty-one patients (50.8%) had mesh placed, with variation in technique. Postoperative CT scans were available for 88 (73.3%) patients. Forty SSOs (33.3%), 11 SSIs (9.2%), and 18 (15%) SSOPIs occurred within 30 days. On multivariable analysis, increased defect width was associated with SSOPI (OR 1.17, p = 0.041) and CDC wound class II-III was associated with SSI (OR 8.38 and 49.1, p < 0.05) and SSOPI (OR 5.77 and 17.4, p < 0.05); mesh was not associated with these outcomes. Seven patients (5.8%) underwent 30-day reoperations and 35 (20.8%) required additional operations after 30 days. Thirteen percent developed abdominal wall (n = 8) or intra-abdominal tumor recurrence (n = 8) requiring reoperation. Twenty-seven (22.5%) patients developed hernias with a mean fascial defect width of 9.8 ± 7.2 cm. CONCLUSION Abdominal wall mass resections are morbid, often contaminated cases with high postoperative complication rates. Risks and benefits of mesh implantation should be tailored on an individual basis.
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Measurements of All-Particle Energy Spectrum and Mean Logarithmic Mass of Cosmic Rays from 0.3 to 30 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:131002. [PMID: 38613275 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.131002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We present the measurements of all-particle energy spectrum and mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays in the energy range of 0.3-30 PeV using data collected from LHAASO-KM2A between September 2021 and December 2022, which is based on a nearly composition-independent energy reconstruction method, achieving unprecedented accuracy. Our analysis reveals the position of the knee at 3.67±0.05±0.15 PeV. Below the knee, the spectral index is found to be -2.7413±0.0004±0.0050, while above the knee, it is -3.128±0.005±0.027, with the sharpness of the transition measured with a statistical error of 2%. The mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays is almost heavier than helium in the whole measured energy range. It decreases from 1.7 at 0.3 PeV to 1.3 at 3 PeV, representing a 24% decline following a power law with an index of -0.1200±0.0003±0.0341. This is equivalent to an increase in abundance of light components. Above the knee, the mean logarithmic mass exhibits a power law trend towards heavier components, which is reversal to the behavior observed in the all-particle energy spectrum. Additionally, the knee position and the change in power-law index are approximately the same. These findings suggest that the knee observed in the all-particle spectrum corresponds to the knee of the light component, rather than the medium-heavy components.
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Achievement of Target Gain Larger than Unity in an Inertial Fusion Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:065102. [PMID: 38394591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.065102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
On December 5, 2022, an indirect drive fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) achieved a target gain G_{target} of 1.5. This is the first laboratory demonstration of exceeding "scientific breakeven" (or G_{target}>1) where 2.05 MJ of 351 nm laser light produced 3.1 MJ of total fusion yield, a result which significantly exceeds the Lawson criterion for fusion ignition as reported in a previous NIF implosion [H. Abu-Shawareb et al. (Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001]. This achievement is the culmination of more than five decades of research and gives proof that laboratory fusion, based on fundamental physics principles, is possible. This Letter reports on the target, laser, design, and experimental advancements that led to this result.
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Seagrass genomes reveal ancient polyploidy and adaptations to the marine environment. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:240-255. [PMID: 38278954 PMCID: PMC7615686 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
We present chromosome-level genome assemblies from representative species of three independently evolved seagrass lineages: Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa, Thalassia testudinum and Zostera marina. We also include a draft genome of Potamogeton acutifolius, belonging to a freshwater sister lineage to Zosteraceae. All seagrass species share an ancient whole-genome triplication, while additional whole-genome duplications were uncovered for C. nodosa, Z. marina and P. acutifolius. Comparative analysis of selected gene families suggests that the transition from submerged-freshwater to submerged-marine environments mainly involved fine-tuning of multiple processes (such as osmoregulation, salinity, light capture, carbon acquisition and temperature) that all had to happen in parallel, probably explaining why adaptation to a marine lifestyle has been exceedingly rare. Major gene losses related to stomata, volatiles, defence and lignification are probably a consequence of the return to the sea rather than the cause of it. These new genomes will accelerate functional studies and solutions, as continuing losses of the 'savannahs of the sea' are of major concern in times of climate change and loss of biodiversity.
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Multi-peak Light-emitting Diode Curing Units and Polymerization of 3D-printed Crown and Bridge Resin. Oper Dent 2024; 49:98-109. [PMID: 38058011 DOI: 10.2341/23-061-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the substitutive and additive efficacy of multi-peak light-emitting diode (LED) curing units for post-curing of a three-dimensional- (3D-) printed crown and bridge resin. METHODS A total of 792 disc- and 180 bar-shaped specimens were printed with a crown and bridge resin (NextDent C&B MFH) and post-cured using two LED curing units (VALO Cordless and Bluephase N G4) in fast and standard modes. Conventional post-curing (LC-3D Print Box, Group PC) was compared with LED-only curing (Groups V1, V2, B1, and B2) and LED-combined curing (Groups PV1, PV2, PB1, and PB2) in terms of microhardness, flexural strength, degree of conversion (DC), and CIE L*a*b* color and translucency parameters. Cytotoxicity of the resin eluates was evaluated using the WST-1 assay. Temperature increases on the resin surface were measured with infrared thermography. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The microhardness and flexural strength in Groups V1, V2, B1, and DC in all LED-only groups were lower than in other groups (p<0.05). Larger color disparities existed between Group PC and all LED-only groups than between Group PC and the others (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in cytotoxicity among the groups. The temperature increase was lowest in Groups V1 and PV1 during light curing (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Post-curing by multi-peak LED curing units was not as effective as the conventional post-curing device. Additional post-curing by LED curing units did not improve the material properties.
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Minimally invasive colectomies can be performed with similar outcomes to open counterparts for colorectal cancer emergencies: a propensity score matching analysis utilizing ACS-NSQIP. Tech Coloproctol 2023; 27:1065-1071. [PMID: 37642739 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The safety and feasibility of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in the setting of colorectal cancer emergencies have been debated. We sought to compare postoperative outcomes of MIS with open techniques in the setting of colorectal cancer emergencies from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. METHODS We included patients undergoing colectomy for colorectal cancer emergency between 2012 and 2019 "2012-2019" from the ACS-NSQIP dataset. We compared short-term morbidity, mortality, short-term oncological outcomes, and secondary outcomes for MIS vs open colectomies using propensity score matching. We then evaluated the trends of MIS versus open colectomies using linear regression analysis. RESULTS We examined a total of 5544 patients (open n = 4070; MIS n = 1474) and included 1352 patients for our postoperative outcome analyses after propensity score matching 1:1 (open n = 676; MIS n = 676). Within the matched cohort, mortality was significantly higher in the open group (open 6.95% vs MIS 3.99%, OR 1.8, p = 0.023). Anastomotic leak rates were comparable between the two groups (open 4.46% vs MIS 4.02%, OR 1.12, p = 0.787). Pulmonary complications were significantly higher after open surgery (open 10.06% vs MIS 4.73%, OR 2.25, p < 0.001). Rates of ileus were significantly higher amongst open patients (open 29.08% vs MIS 19.94%, p < 0.001). Patients stayed on average 1 day longer in the hospital after open surgery (p < 0.001). Rates of MIS for early tumors (N0 and T1/T2, n = 289) did not significantly change over 7 years (p = 0.597, rate = - 0.065%/year); however, utilization of MIS for late tumors (N1 or T3/T4, n = 4359) increased by 2.06% per year (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that MIS was associated with superior postoperative outcomes compared to open surgery without compromising oncological outcomes in patients undergoing emergency colectomy for colon cancer. Within the matched cohort, MIS was associated with lower rates of mortality, pulmonary complications, ileus, and shorter postoperative length of stay.
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Measurement of Ultra-High-Energy Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission of the Galactic Plane from 10 TeV to 1 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:151001. [PMID: 37897763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.151001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The diffuse Galactic γ-ray emission, mainly produced via interactions between cosmic rays and the interstellar medium and/or radiation field, is a very important probe of the distribution, propagation, and interaction of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. In this Letter, we report the measurements of diffuse γ rays from the Galactic plane between 10 TeV and 1 PeV energies, with the square kilometer array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Diffuse emissions from the inner (15°10 TeV). The energy spectrum in the inner Galaxy regions can be described by a power-law function with an index of -2.99±0.04, which is different from the curved spectrum as expected from hadronic interactions between locally measured cosmic rays and the line-of-sight integrated gas content. Furthermore, the measured flux is higher by a factor of ∼3 than the prediction. A similar spectrum with an index of -2.99±0.07 is found in the outer Galaxy region, and the absolute flux for 10≲E≲60 TeV is again higher than the prediction for hadronic cosmic ray interactions. The latitude distributions of the diffuse emission are consistent with the gas distribution, while the longitude distributions show clear deviation from the gas distribution. The LHAASO measurements imply that either additional emission sources exist or cosmic ray intensities have spatial variations.
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Proton Single-Energy Bragg-Peak FLASH Using Clinical Systems Can Achieve IMPT-Equivalent Plan Quality for Breast and Prostate Cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S141. [PMID: 37784361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Most current proton FLASH-RT studies focus on transmission proton techniques. In this study, we propose a novel method for achieving FLASH dose rate in hypofractionated proton radiotherapy using the Bragg peak of a single-energy proton beam. The dosimetric characteristics using this novel technique for proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of prostate and breast cancers were first investigated based on the clinically available cyclotron beam parameters. MATERIALS/METHODS This novel approach uses the distal tracking technique that enables PBS Bragg-peak of the highest proton energy to adapt to the target distally. Positioning of the Bragg peak at different depths is achieved using a universal range shifter and range compensator. To investigate the feasibility of this approach, we developed an in-house treatment planning platform for intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) delivery and performed dosimetric studies on prostate and breast SBRT cases previously treated with conventional proton PBS technique. FLASH plans were generated using a similar clinical beam arrangement to deliver 40 Gy (RBE) in 5 fractions. Dose metrics were compared between the clinical and FLASH plans. Dose-rate volume histograms (DRVH) were also calculated to investigate the 40 Gy/s coverage (V40 Gy/s) of organs-at-risk (OARs) for FLASH plans. RESULTS The distal tracking can precisely stop the Bragg peak at the target distal edge, and Bragg peak plans achieved tumor coverage and dose conformality equivalent to IMPT plans. The clinical IMPT plans yielded slightly superior target dose uniformity -CTV Dmax of FLASH plans was 10% higher for prostate and 2% higher for breast. There was no significant difference between the clinical and FLASH plans in dose metrics for major OARs, including rectum, large bowel, heart, and lung. Higher maximal doses to femoral heads (∼2 Gy) and urethra (∼6 Gy) were observed in prostate FLASH plans than in the clinical plans but were still within clinically accepted dose limits. The V40 Gy/s for OARs were >90% for prostate FLASH plans and >76.5% for breast FLASH plans. CONCLUSION The proposed single-energy Bragg-peak FLASH technique eliminates exit dose associated with transmission proton FLASH and can still yield comparable plan quality and OAR sparing while preserve sufficient FLASH dose rate coverage for prostate and breast proton SBRT. This study demonstrates the potential application of Bragg peaks for highly conformal FLASH-RT using clinical cyclotron systems to treat prostate and breast cancer patients, which moves towards clinical application.
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Phase II Study of Hemithoracic Intensity-Modulated Pleural Radiation Therapy (IMPRINT) for Patients with Pleural Metastases from Thymic Malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e56-e57. [PMID: 37785717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Pleural metastases are common sites for recurrence and progression in patients with thymic malignancies. The management of pleural metastases typically involves surgical resection with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic therapy. After surgical resection of pleural metastases, the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate is about 29-45%. While radiation therapy (RT) is standardly used in the management of locally-advanced thymic malignancies, the role of RT in patients with pleural metastases in unclear. Intensity-modulated pleural radiation therapy (IMPRINT) is a RT technique currently being used to treat malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients with 2 intact lungs at centers that specialize in MPM treatment. This IMPRINT technique can potentially be extrapolated to thymic patients with pleural metastases. Because the risk of toxicity is of greater concern for thymic patients given their overall relatively favorable prognosis, the rate of toxicity, particularly radiation pneumonitis, needs to be established in the thymic patient population. MATERIALS/METHODS This is a single-arm, single institution Phase II study of hemithoracic IMPRINT for patients with pleural metastases from thymic malignancies. The primary endpoint of this study is grade 3 or higher radiation pneumonitis within 4 months of completing RT. Secondary endpoints include any toxicity, progression-free survival, patterns of failure and overall survival. Patients must have a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of a thymic malignancy with radiologic or pathologic evidence of pleural metastases. Thymoma or thymic carcinoma are allowed. Patients may have de novo stage IVA disease or recurrent disease in the pleura. There must be no evidence of extrathoracic metastatic disease or contralateral pleural/pericardial disease. Surgical resection of the pleural nodules (ex: pleurectomy/decortication, debulking/metastasectomy) are allowed. Extrapleural pneumonectomy is not allowed. Patients are excluded if they have undergone prior thoracic radiation therapy preventing hemithoracic pleural IMRT, whereas prior thymic bed radiation and/or prior pleural SBRT are allowed. RT will be administered to the ipsilateral pleura to 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions. An optional dose-painting boost to gross disease up to 60 Gy while respecting normal tissue constraints is allowed. Patients can be treated with photon or proton therapy. Simulation, contouring and RT planning guidelines have been developed. Patients will be followed per protocol at regular intervals for at least 12 months following RT. The expected accrual is 36 patients over 4 years. Further information can be found on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05354570). RESULTS To be determined. CONCLUSION To be determined.
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Biological Effective Dose (BED) in Evaluation of Rectal Dose in Prostate Cancer Patients with Hydrogel Spacer Who Underwent an EBRT with Different Fractionation Schemes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e744. [PMID: 37786158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To evaluate rectal dose sparing in prostate cancer patients with hydrogel spacer who underwent an external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with different fractionation schemes. MATERIALS/METHODS In a previous study, we have reported that rectal sparing was achieved in prostate cancer patients with hydrogel spacer who underwent a combination therapy of EBRT and LDR brachytherapy (Zhang H, et al. J Appl Clin Med Phys, 2022). In this study, we focused on evaluation of spacer-related rectal sparing in patients who underwent an EBRT with conventional fractionation (81 Gy in 45 fractions), hypofractionation (70 Gy in 28 fractions), or stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for 40 Gy or 42.5 Gy in 5 fractions. In 172 patients, 119 patients were applied with injection of polyethylene-glycol hydrogel and others without the injection as control. In VMAT plans, doses to rectal wall were examined and converted to BED according to AAPM TG-137 (α/β ratio = 4 Gy). RESULTS On average, an interspace of 1cm between prostate and rectum was achieved by spacer insertion. Rectal wall was defined as 0.4cm thickness inside the outer contour of rectum, and the volume ranged from 4.5 cm3 to 21.3cm3 for patients with spacer and from 8.2cm3 to 35.1cm3 for those with no spacer. In conventional scheme, an average rectal BED was 120.0 Gy, 116.9 Gy, 114.0 Gy, 108.6 Gy, 87.6 Gy and 55.6 Gy to the volume of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10cm3, respectively, and BEDmean was 55.3 Gy in patients with no spacer. The BED decreased to 105.1 Gy, 96.3 Gy, 86.1 Gy, 75.4 Gy, 51.7 Gy and 26.9 Gy to the volume of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10cm3, respectively (p < 0.01), and BEDmean was 46.0 Gy in patients with spacer. In hypofractionation, rectal BED was in average of 115.8 Gy, 112.3 Gy, 109.8 Gy, 103 Gy, 81.6 and 52.8 Gy to the volume of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10cm3, respectively, and BEDmean was 48.6 Gy in patients with no spacer. Patients with spacer had significantly decreases of rectal BED, an average of 103 Gy, 91.7 Gy, 84.1 Gy, 72.8 Gy, 48.8 Gy and 26.0 Gy to the volume of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10cm3, respectively (p < 0.01), BEDmean was 42.4 Gy. In SBRT, average rectal BED in patients with spacer decreased to 93.6 Gy, 78.4 Gy, 69 Gy, 57.5 Gy, 38.5 Gy and 21.5 Gy, in comparison of 124.1 Gy, 117,4 Gy, 110.9 Gy, 97.3 Gy, 59.7 Gy and 32.3 Gy to the volume of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10cm3 in those without spacer, respectively (p <0.01). BEDmean decreased to 32.0 Gy in patient with spacer, compared with 43.2 Gy in those with no spacer. CONCLUSION Insertion of hydrogel spacer significantly improved rectal dose sparing, about 11.1% to 50.8% in conventional scheme, 12.4% to 51.6% in hypofractionation scheme, and 24.6% to 40.9% in SBRT patients. Furthermore, relatively more dose sparing on rectum was seen on the volume from 0.1cm3 to 2cm3 in SBRT patients.
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Implementation of L4 Automation for Patient-Specific Quality Assurance Using the AUTOFRAME Platform and a Robotic Mechanism. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e745. [PMID: 37786161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The AUTOFRAME platform has been previously developed for automating clinical workflows and has achieved L3 automation for patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA). The aim of this study is to further develop the platform to achieve L4 automation, which extends AUTOFRAME to operate Varian's control console (VCC) for the linear accelerator. The goal is to automate all PSQA operations outside of the treatment room. MATERIALS/METHODS The automated stages, listed in Table 1, are ranging from L0 to L5. The current study focuses on L4 automation of PSQA, which uses a 6-axis robot arm to control buttons on the VCC. The robotic arm is mounted on a custom frame that is attached onto the VCC to maintain its relative position. The arm is controlled through python scripts, which is run on a raspberry pi and communicates with the AUTOFRAME platform via the PyFlow and AutoFlow subsystems. This integration allows the robotic arm to receive commands from AutoFlow and execute them through PyFlow, activating real-time button-pressing actions. RESULTS The integrated L4 system was tested using real PSQA verification plans, which involved a minimum of 4 actions and a maximum of 9 actions on the VCC, including a couch kick that required overriding the couch position. The results showed that the 6-axis arm was able to correctly execute the action groups and guide the robotic arm to consistently press and hold each button with sufficient force and accuracy. All buttons on the VCC, including the Motion-enable, Preparing, Readying, and Delivering buttons, were correctly pushed and held according to the PSQA steps. The system successfully delivered all beams without interruption, and all beam delivery data was collected by the detector for PSQA analysis. CONCLUSION The study has further developed the AUTOFRAME platform for L4 automation of PSQA procedures can be achieved. The robotic arm is capable of pushing all required buttons, eliminating all human interactions on the VCC. When combined with previous L0-L3 automations, this will move towards full automation of PSQA procedures. Future work will focus on improving the system's flexibility, stability, and extending its operations to other QA tasks.
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Comparison of Early Outcomes of Stereotactic Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation vs. Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy-Based FAST-FORWARD Whole Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e167-e168. [PMID: 37784770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Despite evidence supporting APBI from 8 published prospective randomized trials enrolling over 10,000 women, the uptake of APBI in clinical practice is surprisingly low. This is being exacerbated by a new, convenient, and safe shortened WBI schedule. Here, we report the dosimetric and early outcome analyses of the first >1000 patients treated at our institution since the first adoption of stereotactic APBI and the ultra-hypofractionated WBI regimen. MATERIALS/METHODS From 2016 to 2022, 801 women with breast cancers in the suitable or cautionary categories according to the ASTRO APBI consensus panel guidelines, received 30 Gy in 5 fractions (92%) either using a robotic stereotactic radiation system (83%) or stereotactic volumetric-based arc therapy (VMAT, 17%). Between 2020 and 2022, 468 women, who were not candidates for APBI and not undergoing any regional irradiation received 26 Gy in 5 fractions using VMAT to the whole breast with the addition of cardiac sparing technique in left-sided breast cancer patients. Tumor bed boosts were delivered in 99% of FF-WBI patients. We evaluated dose-volume histogram parameters for target volumes and organs-at-risk and radiation-related toxicities during RT or within 6 months after the end of RT. RESULTS Target volume coverage was acceptable in both groups, with mean 96% of the target volumes receiving 95% of the prescribed doses and 0 cm3 within target volumes exceeding 105% of the prescribed doses. S-APBI resulted in small, but statistically significant, reductions in the radiation dose delivered to the ipsilateral breast, contralateral breast, lungs, heart, and coronary artery compared with FF-WBI. Comparing WBI to APBI, the mean contralateral breast dose, ipsilateral lung V20 Gy, mean contralateral lung dose, and mean heart dose, were reduced by 89%, 78%, 73%, and 29%, respectively. With median follow-up periods of 32 months for s-APBI and 19 months for FF-WBI, acute toxicity was assessable in all patients. The risks of any grade acute toxicity were 21% for s-APBI and 25% for FF-WBI (p = .117). Among them, grade 2 rates were 1.3% in both groups and no severe toxicity has been reported. CONCLUSION We found s-APBI and VMAT-based FF WBI were associated with favorable dosimetric and acute toxicity profiles. However, considering significantly less irradiated volume in the breast, lungs, and heart, APBI with advanced available technique options should be considered over any WBI-based approach for patients at low risk for local recurrence.
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Final Analysis of a Phase III Controlled Randomized Study of Stereotactic Body Proton Therapy or Conventionally Fractionated Proton Therapy for Early Prostate Cancer: PCG GU002. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S24-S25. [PMID: 37784460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To determine if stereotactic body proton therapy (SBPT) is non-inferior to conventionally fractionated proton therapy (CFPT) in patients with early prostate cancer. MATERIALS/METHODS Multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority phase 3 trial that included patients with histologically confirmed low-risk prostate adenocarcinoma defined by Gleason score ≤6, PSA <10 ng/mL, and clinical stage T1-2a N0 M0 by AJCC 7th Ed. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (initially 1:1 and later 2:1 ratio) to CFPT (79.2 Gy in 44 fractions for 9 weeks) or SBPT (38 Gy in 5 fractions for 1 week). Concurrent or adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy was not allowed. The primary endpoint was freedom from failure (FFF) at 2 years, defined as the first occurrence of local, regional, or distant recurrence, biochemical failure by the Phoenix definition (increase of PSA ≥2 ng/mL over the nadir PSA), or the start of salvage therapy including ADT. Secondary endpoints included GI and GU grade ≥2 toxicity according to CTCAE v4 criteria, as well as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) metrics assessed by AUASI and EPIC scores. Non-inferiority would be declared if the 1-sided 95% confidence interval limit for the difference in 2-year FFF rate was below 4.2% between both groups by Clopper-Pearson exact method. RESULTS Between November 2010 and September 2020, 133 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to CFPT (n = 45) or SBPT (n = 88). Median follow-up was 5 years (IQ 3.9-5.2), with the last patient enrolled followed for at least 2 years. The 2-year FFF was 100% for both groups, fulfilling the pre-specified criteria for non-inferiority of SBPT compared to CFPT. By KM estimates, 5-year FFF was 97.4% and 100% (P = 0.1), and the 5-year OS was 97.1% and 95.5% (P = 0.46) for patients treated with CFPT and SBPT, respectively. The cumulative incidence of any grade ≥3 toxicities at 5 years was 0% and 5.7% (P = 0.14) for patients treated with CFPT and SBPT, respectively. The frequency of GI grade ≥2 toxicity at 6 months was of 0% and 2.3% (P = 0.55), and at 2 years was of 6.7% and 3.4% (P = 0.69) for patients treated with CFPT and SBPT, respectively. The frequency of GU grade ≥2 toxicity at 6 months was of 2.2% and 5.7% (P = 0.42), and at 2 years was of 8.9% and 5.7% (P = 0.54) for patients treated with CFPT and SBPT, respectively. Changes in HRQoL scores at 2 years were similar between groups (Table). CONCLUSION SBPT is non-inferior to CFPT regarding FFF and associated with similar long-term toxicity rates and HRQoL metric scores.
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Development of the Independent Dose Verification Method for the Ring Gantry PET/CT Linac. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e649. [PMID: 37785929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The RefleXion Xi is a new external beam radiotherapy delivery modality combining kilovoltage fan-beam CT and on-board PET for Biology-guided Radiotherapy. Although the machine shares similar components with the Tomotherapy machine, it has unique hardware features such as stationary beam delivery system with couch increments. The goal of this study is to develop an in-house independent secondary dose calculation method for this ring gantry PET/CT Linac. MATERIALS/METHODS The method aggregates the beam intensities at each discrete firing gantry angle and couch moving position. The non-uniform intensity map is decomposed into a series of segments of uniform beam intensities, and then coordinates of beam segments were modified based on the relative distance from the dose calculation point to keep the calculation point in the same spot along the gantry rotation. The dose to the calculation point of each segment is determined by using measured tissue-maximum-ratio, output factors, and off-axis ratio by independent binary collimators. Two-dimensional convolution method is applied to integrate all dose contribution components in segment areas for efficient calculation. The final dose is obtained by summing all dose to the calculation point of segments for all firing gantry angle and couch position. RESULTS Twenty patients with different treatment sites including head and neck, prostate, and lung regions were analyzed. Comparison of the point dose calculated by the independent program to that calculated by the planning system has shown reasonable agreement within ±5%. CONCLUSION The independent dose verification program has been developed as an initial patient specific QA for improving patient safety. Further study will be performed to enhance the accuracy and reliability by including additional leakage and scatter models.
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Auto Assistant VMAT Planning with HID Automation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e745-e746. [PMID: 37786160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To develop a complete, robust, adaptable and fully customizable software interface for assisting treatment planning procedures on FDA approved commercial system. This will standardize treatment planning process and provide opening interface to other third-party clinical software packages, and introduce AI inference to optimize plan without breaking current clinical planning workflow. MATERIALS/METHODS Based on our clinical planning workflow, Varian Eclipse TPS were used. The general HID interface AUTOFLOW was developed with scripting language AutoIt and includes optical character reorganization (OCR) ability. The AUTOFLOW is fully customizable and adaptable for different VMAT planning process. The planning workflow and objective constraints template defined by Northwell health, CFAM are applied. AUTOFLOW operates automatically 3 standard planning interfaces (contouring, external beam planning and optimization) of Eclipse based on information in action tables. The information in the tables, such as auxiliary structures, field set up and initial optimization parameters, can be preset according to the plan template or from other 3rd party packages. Based on Northwell CFAM clinical planning protocol, the planning starts from post-contour approval. AUTOFLOW operates Eclipse to create auxiliary structures, set up planning fields then initiate plan optimization. During the optimization, the AUTOFLOW fills the constraint parameters and monitor the objective goals achievement by OCR. The updated parameters are introduced with our developing machine learning package. The whole planning process were assisted by AUTOFLOW automatically, while the planner can intercept the planning process as need. RESULTS The general interface, AUTOFLOW was developed and applied to automatically assist the VMAT procedure in prostate cases. For each prostate case, more than 213 human HID operations on computers were removed from the plan procedure in our CFAM planning protocol. 12 prostate cases without manual interception were tested. The interface succeeds to reducing the VMAT planning time and planner still own the planning control. CONCLUSION The AUTOFLOW software interface can be used to perform VMAT planning in current commercial clinical planning system. It can automatically assist planner operation and provide standard interface to 3rd party software packages. The future works will focus on building a cohesive UI, reducing the time further by improving the prediction of optimization parameters and other treatment sites.
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Thermophysical properties and atomic structure of liquid Zr-Nb alloys investigated by electrostatic levitation and molecular dynamics simulation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:505903. [PMID: 37724485 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acf5bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of the thermophysical properties of liquid Zr-Nb alloys holds great significance for theoretical research and technical application in liquid physics. However, the high temperatures involved make their experimental measurement challenging. In this study, the densities of liquid Zr-xwt.% Nb (x= 1.0, 2.5, 6.0) alloys were examined by electrostatic levitation and molecular dynamics calculation. Remarkably, the alloys achieved maximum undercooling of 335 K, 311 K and 326 K, respectively. Correspondingly, the densities are 6.20, 6.22 and 6.26 g·cm-3at the liquidus temperatures (TL), respectively. The corresponding temperature coefficients are 2.61 × 10-4, 2.75 × 10-4and 2.84 × 10-4g·cm-3·K-1, respectively. Notably, the experimental density results align well with the simulated results. Moreover, the molar volume (Vm), thermal expansion coefficient (α) and diffusion coefficient (D) were derived based on the experimental data and simulations. The thermal expansion coefficients reduce linearly with decreasing temperature. The analysis of the pair distribution function, coordination number (CN) and the radial distribution function reveals the temperature-dependent evolution of the atomic structure. TheCNtotalandCNZr-Zrinitially increase and then decrease with decreasing temperature, while the change trends forCNZr-NbandCNNb-Nbvaried among the three alloys. The radial distribution function of three liquid alloys reveals that the atomic number density increases as the temperature drops. Additionally, the total diffusion coefficients decrease with the reduction of temperature and the rise of Nb content from 1.0 wt.% Nb to 6.0 wt.% Nb.
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Childhood-Onset Lupus Nephritis in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry: Short-Term Kidney Status and Variation in Care. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:1553-1562. [PMID: 36775844 PMCID: PMC10500561 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal was to characterize short-term kidney status and describe variation in early care utilization in a multicenter cohort of patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) and nephritis. METHODS We analyzed previously collected prospective data from North American patients with cSLE with kidney biopsy-proven nephritis enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry from March 2017 through December 2019. We determined the proportion of patients with abnormal kidney status at the most recent registry visit and applied generalized linear mixed models to identify associated factors. We also calculated frequency of medication use, both during induction and ever recorded. RESULTS We identified 222 patients with kidney biopsy-proven nephritis, with 64% class III/IV nephritis on initial biopsy. At the most recent registry visit at median (interquartile range) of 17 (8-29) months from initial kidney biopsy, 58 of 106 patients (55%) with available data had abnormal kidney status. This finding was associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.88, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.21-12.46) and age at cSLE diagnosis (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01-1.49). Patients with class IV nephritis were more likely than class III to receive cyclophosphamide and rituximab during induction. There was substantial variation in mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab ever use patterns across rheumatology centers. CONCLUSION In this cohort with predominately class III/IV nephritis, male sex and older age at cSLE diagnosis were associated with abnormal short-term kidney status. We also observed substantial variation in contemporary medication use for pediatric lupus nephritis between pediatric rheumatology centers. Additional studies are needed to better understand the impact of this variation on long-term kidney outcomes.
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A DNA Replication Stress-Based Prognostic Model for Lung Adenocarcinoma. Acta Naturae 2023; 15:100-110. [PMID: 37908773 PMCID: PMC10615186 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.25112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells endure continuous DNA replication stress, which opens the way to cancer development. Despite previous research, the prognostic implications of DNA replication stress on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have yet to be investigated. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential of DNA replication stress-related genes (DNARSs) in predicting the prognosis of individuals with LUAD. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) originated from the TCGA-LUAD dataset, and we constructed a 10-gene LUAD prognostic model based on DNARSs-related DEGs (DRSDs) using Cox regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated excellent predictive capability for the LUAD prognostic model, while the Kaplan-Meier survival curve indicated a poorer prognosis in a high-risk (HR) group. Combined with clinical data, the Riskscore was found to be an independent predictor of LUAD prognosis. By incorporating Riskscore and clinical data, we developed a nomogram that demonstrated a capacity to predict overall survival and exhibited clinical utility, which was validated through the calibration curve, ROC curve, and decision curve analysis curve tests, confirming its effectiveness in prognostic evaluation. Immune analysis revealed that individuals belonging to the low-risk (LR) group exhibited a greater abundance of immune cell infiltration and higher levels of immune function. We calculated the immunopheno score and TIDE scores and tested them on the IMvigor210 and GSE78220 cohorts and found that individuals categorized in the LR group exhibited a higher likelihood of deriving therapeutic benefits from immunotherapy intervention. Additionally, we predicted that patients classified in the HR group would demonstrate enhanced sensitivity to Docetaxel using anti-tumor drugs. To summarize, we successfully developed and validated a prognostic model for LUAD by incorporating DNA replication stress as a key factor.
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Transcriptomic and clinical heterogeneity of metastatic disease timing within metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:605-614. [PMID: 37164128 PMCID: PMC10330666 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.04.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) is commonly classified into high- and low-volume subgroups which have demonstrated differential biology, prognosis, and response to therapy. Timing of metastasis has similarly demonstrated differences in clinical outcomes; however, less is known about any underlying biologic differences between these disease states. Herein, we aim to compare transcriptomic differences between synchronous and metachronous mCSPC and identify any differential responses to therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed an international multi-institutional retrospective review of men with mCSPC who completed RNA expression profiling evaluation of their primary tumor. Patients were stratified according to disease timing (synchronous versus metachronous). The primary endpoint was to identify differences in transcriptomic profiles between disease timing. The median transcriptomic scores between groups were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. Secondary analyses included determining clinical and transcriptomic variables associated with overall survival (OS) from the time of metastasis. Survival analysis was carried out with the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS A total of 252 patients were included with a median follow-up of 39.6 months. Patients with synchronous disease experienced worse 5-year OS (39% versus 79%; P < 0.01) and demonstrated lower median androgen receptor (AR) activity (11.78 versus 12.64; P < 0.01) and hallmark androgen response (HAR; 3.15 versus 3.32; P < 0.01). Multivariable Cox regression identified only high-volume disease [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.71-9.10; P < 0.01] and HAR score (HR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.88; P = 0.02) significantly associated with OS. Finally, patients with synchronous (HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.72; P < 0.01) but not metachronous (HR = 1.37, 95% CI 0.50-3.92; P = 0.56) disease were found to have better OS with AR and non-AR combination therapy as compared with monotherapy (P value for interaction = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated a potential biologic difference between metastatic timing of mCSPC. Specifically, for patients with low-volume disease, those with metachronous low-volume disease have a more hormone-dependent transcriptional profile and exhibit a better prognosis than synchronous low-volume disease.
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A tera-electron volt afterglow from a narrow jet in an extremely bright gamma-ray burst. Science 2023:eadg9328. [PMID: 37289911 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg9328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have a tera-electron volt (TeV) afterglow, but the early onset of this has not been observed. We report observations with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory of the bright GRB 221009A, which serendipitously occurred within the instrument field of view. More than 64,000 photons >0.2 TeV were detected within the first 3000 seconds. The TeV flux began several minutes after the GRB trigger, then rose to a peak about 10 seconds later. This was followed by a decay phase, which became more rapid ~650 seconds after the peak. We interpret the emission using a model of a relativistic jet with half-opening angle ~0.8°. This is consistent with the core of a structured jet and could explain the high isotropic energy of this GRB.
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Standing genetic variation fuels rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in blackgrass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2206808120. [PMID: 37043536 PMCID: PMC10120058 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206808120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated herbicide applications in agricultural fields exert strong selection on weeds such as blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), which is a major threat for temperate climate cereal crops. This inadvertent selection pressure provides an opportunity for investigating the underlying genetic mechanisms and evolutionary processes of rapid adaptation, which can occur both through mutations in the direct targets of herbicides and through changes in other, often metabolic, pathways, known as non-target-site resistance. How much target-site resistance (TSR) relies on de novo mutations vs. standing variation is important for developing strategies to manage herbicide resistance. We first generated a chromosome-level reference genome for A. myosuroides for population genomic studies of herbicide resistance and genome-wide diversity across Europe in this species. Next, through empirical data in the form of highly accurate long-read amplicons of alleles encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) variants, we showed that most populations with resistance due to TSR mutations-23 out of 27 and six out of nine populations for ACCase and ALS, respectively-contained at least two TSR haplotypes, indicating that soft sweeps are the norm. Finally, through forward-in-time simulations, we inferred that TSR is likely to mainly result from standing genetic variation, with only a minor role for de novo mutations.
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Radiomics model and clinical scale for the preoperative diagnosis of silent corticotroph adenomas. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02042-2. [PMID: 37020103 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Silent corticotroph adenomas (SCAs) are a subtype of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas that exhibit more aggressive behavior. However, rapid and accurate preoperative diagnostic methods are currently lacking. DESIGN The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between SCA and non-SCA features and to establish radiomics models and a clinical scale for rapid and accurate prediction. METHODS A total of 260 patients (72 SCAs vs. 188 NSCAs) with nonfunctioning adenomas from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in the study as the internal dataset. Thirty-five patients (6 SCAs vs. 29 NSCAs) from Fuzhou General Hospital were enrolled as the external dataset. Radiomics models and an SCA scale to preoperatively diagnose SCAs were established based on MR images and clinical features. RESULTS There were more female patients (internal dataset: p < 0.001; external dataset: p = 0.028) and more multiple microcystic changes (internal dataset: p < 0.001; external dataset: p = 0.012) in the SCA group. MRI showed more invasiveness (higher Knosp grades, p ≤ 0.001). The radiomics model achieved AUCs of 0.931 and 0.937 in the internal and external datasets, respectively. The clinical scale achieved an AUC of 0.877 and a sensitivity of 0.952 in the internal dataset and an AUC of 0.899 and a sensitivity of 1.0 in the external dataset. CONCLUSIONS Based on clinical information and imaging characteristics, the constructed radiomics model achieved high preoperative diagnostic ability. The SCA scale achieved the purpose of rapidity and practicality while ensuring sensitivity, which is conducive to simplifying clinical work.
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Molecular Features Associated with Baseline Lung Allograft Dysfunction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Extrusion-based 3D printing of biodegradable, osteogenic, paramagnetic, and porous FeMn-akermanite bone substitutes. Acta Biomater 2023; 162:182-198. [PMID: 36972809 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of biodegradable Fe-based bone implants has rapidly progressed in recent years. Most of the challenges encountered in developing such implants have been tackled individually or in combination using additive manufacturing technologies. Yet not all the challenges have been overcome. Herein, we present porous FeMn-akermanite composite scaffolds fabricated by extrusion-based 3D printing to address the unmet clinical needs associated with Fe-based biomaterials for bone regeneration, including low biodegradation rate, MRI-incompatibility, mechanical properties, and limited bioactivity. In this research, we developed inks containing Fe, 35 wt% Mn, and 20 or 30 vol% akermanite powder mixtures. 3D printing was optimized together with the debinding and sintering steps to obtain scaffolds with interconnected porosity of 69%. The Fe-matrix in the composites contained the γ-FeMn phase as well as nesosilicate phases. The former made the composites paramagnetic and, thus, MRI-friendly. The in vitro biodegradation rates of the composites with 20 and 30 vol% akermanite were respectively 0.24 and 0.27 mm/y, falling within the ideal range of biodegradation rates for bone substitution. The yield strengths of the porous composites stayed within the range of the values of the trabecular bone, despite in vitro biodegradation for 28 d. All the composite scaffolds favored the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts, as revealed by Runx2 assay. Moreover, osteopontin was detected in the extracellular matrix of cells on the scaffolds. Altogether, these results demonstrate the remarkable potential of these composites in fulfilling the requirements of porous biodegradable bone substitutes, motivating future in vivo research. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We developed FeMn-akermanite composite scaffolds by taking advantage of the multi-material capacity of extrusion-based 3D printing. Our results demonstrated that the FeMn-akermanite scaffolds showed an exceptional performance in fulfilling all the requirements for bone substitution in vitro, i.e., a sufficient biodegradation rate, having mechanical properties in the range of trabecular bone even after 4 weeks biodegradation, paramagnetic, cytocompatible and most importantly osteogenic. Our results encourage further research on Fe-based bone implants in in vivo.
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74P Tumor agnostic comparison of immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing in detecting ALK fusions and assessment of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor efficacy. ESMO Open 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Cardiopulmonary and echocardiographic metrics for functional assessment of pectus excavatum. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Fate of charge order in overdoped La-based cuprates. NPJ QUANTUM MATERIALS 2023; 8:7. [PMID: 38666240 PMCID: PMC11041719 DOI: 10.1038/s41535-023-00539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In high-temperature cuprate superconductors, stripe order refers broadly to a coupled spin and charge modulation with a commensuration of eight and four lattice units, respectively. How this stripe order evolves across optimal doping remains a controversial question. Here we present a systematic resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of weak charge correlations in La2-xSrxCuO4 and La1.8-xEu0.2SrxCuO4. Ultra high energy resolution experiments demonstrate the importance of the separation of inelastic and elastic scattering processes. Long-range temperature-dependent stripe order is only found below optimal doping. At higher doping, short-range temperature-independent correlations are present up to the highest doping measured. This transformation is distinct from and preempts the pseudogap critical doping. We argue that the doping and temperature-independent short-range correlations originate from unresolved electron-phonon coupling that broadly peaks at the stripe ordering vector. In La2-xSrxCuO4, long-range static stripe order vanishes around optimal doping and we discuss both quantum critical and crossover scenarios.
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The genome of the king protea, Protea cynaroides. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:262-276. [PMID: 36424853 PMCID: PMC10107735 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The king protea (Protea cynaroides), an early-diverging eudicot, is the most iconic species from the Megadiverse Cape Floristic Region, and the national flower of South Africa. Perhaps best known for its iconic flower head, Protea is a key genus for the South African horticulture industry and cut-flower market. Ecologically, the genus and the family Proteaceae are important models for radiation and adaptation, particularly to soils with limited phosphorus bio-availability. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the P. cynaroides genome as the first representative of the fynbos biome. We reveal an ancestral whole-genome duplication event that occurred in the Proteaceae around the late Cretaceous that preceded the divergence of all crown groups within the family and its extant diversity in all Southern continents. The relatively stable genome structure of P. cynaroides is invaluable for comparative studies and for unveiling paleopolyploidy in other groups, such as the distantly related sister group Ranunculales. Comparative genomics in sequenced genomes of the Proteales shows loss of key arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis genes likely ancestral to the family, and possibly the order. The P. cynaroides genome empowers new research in plant diversification, horticulture and adaptation, particularly to nutrient-poor soils.
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In situ uniaxial pressure cell for x-ray and neutron scattering experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:013906. [PMID: 36725613 DOI: 10.1063/5.0114892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present an in situ uniaxial pressure device optimized for small angle x-ray and neutron scattering experiments at low-temperatures and high magnetic fields. A stepper motor generates force, which is transmitted to the sample via a rod with an integrated transducer that continuously monitors the force. The device has been designed to generate forces up to 200 N in both compressive and tensile configurations, and a feedback control allows operating the system in a continuous-pressure mode as the temperature is changed. The uniaxial pressure device can be used for various instruments and multiple cryostats through simple and exchangeable adapters. It is compatible with multiple sample holders, which can be easily changed depending on the sample properties and the desired experiment and allow rapid sample changes.
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Constraints on Heavy Decaying Dark Matter from 570 Days of LHAASO Observations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:261103. [PMID: 36608208 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.261103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The kilometer square array (KM2A) of the large high altitude air shower observatory (LHAASO) aims at surveying the northern γ-ray sky at energies above 10 TeV with unprecedented sensitivity. γ-ray observations have long been one of the most powerful tools for dark matter searches, as, e.g., high-energy γ rays could be produced by the decays of heavy dark matter particles. In this Letter, we present the first dark matter analysis with LHAASO-KM2A, using the first 340 days of data from 1/2-KM2A and 230 days of data from 3/4-KM2A. Several regions of interest are used to search for a signal and account for the residual cosmic-ray background after γ/hadron separation. We find no excess of dark matter signals, and thus place some of the strongest γ-ray constraints on the lifetime of heavy dark matter particles with mass between 10^{5} and 10^{9} GeV. Our results with LHAASO are robust, and have important implications for dark matter interpretations of the diffuse astrophysical high-energy neutrino emission.
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Intraarticular steroids as DMARD-sparing agents for juvenile idiopathic arthritis flares: Analysis of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:107. [PMID: 36434731 PMCID: PMC9701017 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who achieve a drug free remission often experience a flare of their disease requiring either intraarticular steroids (IAS) or systemic treatment with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). IAS offer an opportunity to recapture disease control and avoid exposure to side effects from systemic immunosuppression. We examined a cohort of patients treated with IAS after drug free remission and report the probability of restarting systemic treatment within 12 months. METHODS We analyzed a cohort of patients from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry who received IAS for a flare after a period of drug free remission. Historical factors and clinical characteristics and of the patients including data obtained at the time of treatment were analyzed. RESULTS We identified 46 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of those with follow up data available 49% had restarted systemic treatment 6 months after IAS injection and 70% had restarted systemic treatment at 12 months. The proportion of patients with prior use of a biologic DMARD was the only factor that differed between patients who restarted systemic treatment those who did not, both at 6 months (79% vs 35%, p < 0.01) and 12 months (81% vs 33%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION While IAS are an option for all patients who flare after drug free remission, it may not prevent the need to restart systemic treatment. Prior use of a biologic DMARD may predict lack of success for IAS. Those who previously received methotrexate only, on the other hand, are excellent candidates for IAS.
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Changes in the Symptomatic Burden of High Koos Grade Vestibular Schwannomas Following Definitive and Adjuvant Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Using EBT3 Films and Monte Carlo Simulations to Determine the Percent Depth Dose of a New Y-90 Disc Source for Episcleral Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Patient Specific Quality Assurance Automation with Scripting on HID Devices. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Reirradiation with Proton Therapy for Recurrent Malignancies of the Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Junction: Results of the Proton Collaborative Group Multi-Institutional Prospective Registry Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Investigation of Dosimetric Outcomes for Arteriovenous Malformations with Linac-Based SRS vs. Non-invasive Stereotactic Radiosurgery Planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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LBA11 Alectinib (ALC) vs crizotinib (CRZ) in Asian patients (pts) with treatment-naïve advanced ALK+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): 5-year update from the phase III ALESIA study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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The TBL1 inhibitor, Tegavivint, suppresses tumour growth and enhances T-cell infiltration in preclinical murine β-Catenin mutant hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Reconstruction of Cherenkov image by multiple telescopes of LHAASO-WFCTA. RADIATION DETECTION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41605-022-00342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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OS10.6.A What is the initial cell in the subventricular zone for human glioblastoma genesis? Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
We all have a fundamental question about why glioblastoma (GBM) develops. In order to find the answer to this fundamental question, if you find out what the first cell is, you will get closer to the answer. GBM arises from the subventricular zone (SVZ). GBM is one of the most devastating tumour of human brain as the most optimal treatment barely prolongs the survival, and it does not cure the disease. As the majority of GBM tissues show copy number variations (CNV) of co-altered chromosomal 7 gain and 10 loss, we hypothesized the origin cell (Oc) of SVZ may be traced back with these markers. The cellular identity of the Oc is still unknown and it is different from the tumour-derived progenitor-like cells. We aimed to define these cells from the SVZ that have a potential to get activated into GBM.
Material and Methods
We compared bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data of IDHwt GBM tumor tissue (n=122), tumor free SVZ from GBM patients (n=40), tumor-free control SVZ of non-glial tumor (n=9). Pared single nucleus RNAseq (snRNAseq) or single cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) samples of tumor free SVZ (n=11) and GBM tumor (n=8), were done to see cell specific CNVs. We developed genetically engineered mouse models for GBM genesis introducing three driver mutations (TP53, PTEN, and EGFRviii) into SVZ to isolate mouse Oc (mOc) and mouse cancer cells (mCc). The biological characteristics of separated mOc and mCc were compared. Bulk RNAseq and scRNAseq were performed on these cells (mOc, mCc), and their cellular state was compared with the human gene set.
Results
In this work, we found two types of the Oc in the RNA sequencing of 60 human tumour free-SVZ samples. Furthermore, single-cell level analysis revealed that two Oc types in SVZ harbor ongoing patterns of CNV co-alterations from Oc1 to Oc2, and finally to GBM. The Oc1 type cells contained the CNV signature of Oc2 ancestor with neural progenitor cell (NPC) signature. Oc2 type cells expressed a high level of EGFR than other cells with astrocyte-like cell signature. Both of these cells expressed oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC)-like signatures in the SVZ. We validated the human-based findings by using the P53/PTEN/EGFR-mutant mouse model with EGFR/tdTomato overexpression and P53/PTEN knockout in the SVZ cells. As a result, non-tumourigenic and highly motile Oc-like cell-states are found in the mouse models, supporting the firework-like migration pattern from the SVZ.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate how members of Oc preoccupy the SVZ, known as the stem cell niche and give rise to the tumour. We anticipate that a new therapy may emerge by targeting the Oc in the SVZ.
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Chromosome-scale assembly of the Moringa oleifera Lam. genome uncovers polyploid history and evolution of secondary metabolism pathways through tandem duplication. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20238. [PMID: 35894687 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The African Orphan Crops Consortium (AOCC) selected the highly nutritious, fast growing and drought tolerant tree crop moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) as one of the first of 101 plant species to have its genome sequenced and a first draft assembly was published in 2019. Given the extensive uses and culture of moringa, often referred to as the multipurpose tree, we generated a significantly improved new version of the genome based on long-read sequencing into 14 pseudochromosomes equivalent to n = 14 haploid chromosomes. We leveraged this nearly complete version of the moringa genome to investigate main drivers of gene family and genome evolution that may be at the origin of relevant biological innovations including agronomical favorable traits. Our results reveal that moringa has not undergone any additional whole-genome duplication (WGD) or polyploidy event beyond the gamma WGD shared by all core eudicots. Moringa duplicates retained following that ancient gamma events are also enriched for functions commonly considered as dosage balance sensitive. Furthermore, tandem duplications seem to have played a prominent role in the evolution of specific secondary metabolism pathways including those involved in the biosynthesis of bioactive glucosinolate, flavonoid, and alkaloid compounds as well as of defense response pathways and might, at least partially, explain the outstanding phenotypic plasticity attributed to this species. This study provides a genetic roadmap to guide future breeding programs in moringa, especially those aimed at improving secondary metabolism related traits.
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miR-338-3p Inhibits Apoptosis Evasion in Huh7 Liver Cancer Cells by Targeting Sirtuin 6. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s002209302205012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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1381P A transcriptomic signature of AR activity prognosticates development of castration-resistance following metastasis-directed therapy in oligometastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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721P Molecular alterations as predictors of response to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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1187TiP Phase III study of tislelizumab (TIS) with sitravatinib versus chemotherapy (chemo) in patients with locally advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously treated with chemo and an anti-programmed cell death protein 1/ligand 1 (PD-[L]1) antibody. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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CN71 Evaluating real-world caregiver involvement from a survey of patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) receiving systemic anticancer treatment in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK (Eu5). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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OA02.05 Sugemalimab vs Placebo after cCRT or sCRT in pts with Unresectable Stage III NSCLC: Final PFS Analysis of a Phase 3 Study. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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