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Mentz M, Keay W, Strobl CD, Antoniolli M, Adolph L, Heide M, Lechner A, Haebe S, Osterode E, Kridel R, Ziegenhain C, Wange LE, Hildebrand JA, Shree T, Silkenstedt E, Staiger AM, Ott G, Horn H, Szczepanowski M, Richter J, Levy R, Rosenwald A, Enard W, Zimber-Strobl U, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Hiddemann W, Klapper W, Schmidt-Supprian M, Rudelius M, Bararia D, Passerini V, Weigert O. PARP14 is a novel target in STAT6 mutant follicular lymphoma. Leukemia 2022; 36:2281-2292. [PMID: 35851155 PMCID: PMC9417990 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The variable clinical course of follicular lymphoma (FL) is determined by the molecular heterogeneity of tumor cells and complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). IL-4 producing follicular helper T cells (TFH) are critical components of the FL TME. Binding of IL-4 to IL-4R on FL cells activates JAK/STAT signaling. We identified STAT6 mutations (STAT6MUT) in 13% of FL (N = 33/258), all clustered within the DNA binding domain. Gene expression data and immunohistochemistry showed upregulation of IL-4/STAT6 target genes in STAT6MUT FL, including CCL17, CCL22, and FCER2 (CD23). Functionally, STAT6MUT was gain-of-function by serial replating phenotype in pre-B CFU assays. Expression of STAT6MUT enhanced IL-4 induced FCER2/CD23, CCL17 and CCL22 expression and was associated with nuclear accumulation of pSTAT6. RNA sequencing identified PARP14 -a transcriptional switch and co-activator of STAT6- among the top differentially upregulated genes in IL-4 stimulated STAT6MUT lymphoma cells and in STAT6MUT primary FL cells. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (qChIP) demonstrated binding of STAT6MUT but not STAT6WT to the PARP14 promotor. Reporter assays showed increased IL-4 induced transactivation activity of STAT6MUT at the PARP14 promotor, suggesting a self-reinforcing regulatory circuit. Knock-down of PARP14 or PARP-inhibition abrogated the STAT6MUT gain-of-function phenotype. Thus, our results identify PARP14 as a novel therapeutic target in STAT6MUT FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mentz
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz- Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - William Keay
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Dorothea Strobl
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Antoniolli
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Louisa Adolph
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Heide
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Lechner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Haebe
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elisa Osterode
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Kridel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christoph Ziegenhain
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucas Esteban Wange
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Adrian Hildebrand
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanaya Shree
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Silkenstedt
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette M Staiger
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heike Horn
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Szczepanowski
- Institute of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Richter
- Institute of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ronald Levy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ursula Zimber-Strobl
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz- Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Institute of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Deepak Bararia
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Passerini
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Weigert
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Soldevilla MS, Debich AJ, Garrison LP, Hildebrand JA, Wiggins SM. Rice’s whales in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico: call variation and occurrence beyond the known core habitat. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2022. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Hildebrand JA, Fischbeck AJ, Hundsdoerfer B, Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Marsela E, Wollenberg A, Flaig M, French LE, Reinholz M. Retrospective analysis of alpha-human papillomavirus (HPV) types in tissue samples from anogenital dysplasias - introduction of the RICH (Risk of HPV-related Carcinoma in HIV +/- patients) score. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:377-384. [PMID: 31494974 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic viral infections caused by highly contagious human papillomaviruses (HPVs) from the alpha genus are a substantial risk factor for tumour diseases. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to compare the HPV infection pattern with histology in a patient group of immunocompromised HIV+ and non-immunocompromised patients with anal intraepithelial neoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue samples (n = 210) from the anogenital area of 121 patients underwent retrospective histological and molecular examination for HPV DNA prevalence by chip analysis. The study was part of a cancer screening from the Dermatology Department of the LMU Munich, Germany. All data were collected and processed anonymously. RESULTS HPV 6 or 11 are more abundant in tissue samples from histologically diagnosed condylomata acuminata (47.7%) compared to grade 1, 2, and 3 intraepithelial neoplasias (IN 1-3). Detection of high-risk (hr) alpha-HPV DNA was significantly higher in tissue samples from IN 3 (67.5%) compared to IN 1 and 2 (12.9%), and compared to condylomata acuminata (29.5%). No HPV types were detected in histologically unremarkable tissue samples. There was a significant association between the prevalence of HPV 16 and the classifications IN 1 to IN 3 (χ2 (2) = 13.62, P = 0.001). We identified a significant correlation between the prevalence of high-risk and low-risk (lr) HPV types and HIV, especially mixed infections of different HPV types correlated with high-grade IN. Based on the present data, we suggest the risk of carcinoma in HIV+/- patients (RICH) score and test it in the 121 patients. CONCLUSIONS hr alpha-HPVs, mainly HPV 16, are associated with increased oncogenic potential of premalignant lesions (IN 1-3), especially in HIV+ patients. Based on the combination of HIV/HPV-testing and histological analysis, we identified correlations that could potentially forecast the risk of malignant transformation and summarized them in the form of RICH score.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hildebrand
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - A J Fischbeck
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - B Hundsdoerfer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - B M Clanner-Engelshofen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - E Marsela
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - A Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - M Flaig
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - L E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - M Reinholz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
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Varga LM, Wiggins SM, Hildebrand JA. Behavior of singing fin whales Balaenoptera physalus tracked acoustically offshore of Southern California. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Stanistreet JE, Nowacek DP, Bell JT, Cholewiak DM, Hildebrand JA, Hodge LEW, Van Parijs SM, Read AJ. Spatial and seasonal patterns in acoustic detections of sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus along the continental slope in the western North Atlantic Ocean. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Soldevilla MS, Hildebrand JA, Frasier KE, Aichinger Dias L, Martinez A, Mullin KD, Rosel PE, Garrison LP. Spatial distribution and dive behavior of Gulf of Mexico Bryde’s whales: potential risk of vessel strikes and fisheries interactions. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Širovic A, Rice A, Chou E, Hildebrand JA, Wiggins SM, Roch MA. Seven years of blue and fin whale call abundance in the Southern California Bight. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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McKenna MF, Katz SL, Wiggins SM, Ross D, Hildebrand JA. A quieting ocean: unintended consequence of a fluctuating economy. J Acoust Soc Am 2012; 132:EL169-EL175. [PMID: 22979828 DOI: 10.1121/1.4740225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous long-term monitoring of underwater sound and ship traffic provided an opportunity to study how low-frequency noise correlated with ocean-based commercial shipping trends. Between 2007 and 2010 changes in regional shipping off southern California occurred as a consequence of economic and regulatory events. Underwater average noise levels measured before and during these events showed a net reduction of 12 dB. Statistical models revealed that a reduction of 1 ship transit per day resulted in 1 dB decrease in average noise. This synthesis of maritime traffic statistics with ocean noise monitoring provides an important step in understanding the magnitude and potential effects of chronic noise in marine habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F McKenna
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0208, USA.
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Marques TA, Munger L, Thomas L, Wiggins S, Hildebrand JA. Estimating North Pacific right whale Eubalaena japonica density using passive acoustic cue counting. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2011. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Krysl P, Cranford TW, Wiggins SM, Hildebrand JA. Simulating the effect of high-intensity sound on cetaceans: modeling approach and a case study for Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris). J Acoust Soc Am 2006; 120:2328-39. [PMID: 17069328 DOI: 10.1121/1.2257988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A finite element model is formulated to study the steady-state vibration response of the anatomy of a whale (Cetacea) submerged in seawater. The anatomy was reconstructed from a combination of two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) scan images, identification of Hounsfield units with tissue types, and mapping of mechanical properties. A partial differential equation model describes the motion of the tissues within a Lagrangean framework. The computational model was applied to the study of the response of the tissues within the head of a neonate Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris. The characteristics of the sound stimulus was a continuous wave excitation at 3500 Hz and 180 dB re: 1 microPa received level, incident as a plane wave. We model the beaked whale tissues embedded within a volume of seawater. To account for the finite dimensions of the computational volume, we increased the damping for viscous shear stresses within the water volume, in an attempt to reduce the contribution of waves reflected from the boundaries of the computational box. The mechanical response of the tissues was simulated including: strain amplitude; dissipated power; and pressure. The tissues are not likely to suffer direct mechanical or thermal damage, within the range of parameters tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Krysl
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive No. 0085, La Jolla, California 92093-0085, USA.
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Abstract
Shear-wave splitting analysis of local events recorded on land and on the ocean floor in the Tonga arc and Lau backarc indicate a complex pattern of azimuthal anisotropy that cannot be explained by mantle flow coupled to the downgoing plate. These observations suggest that the direction of mantle flow rotates from convergence-parallel in the Fiji plateau to north-south beneath the Lau basin and arc-parallel beneath the Tonga arc. These results correlate with helium isotopes that map mantle flow of the Samoan plume into the Lau basin through an opening tear in the Pacific plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Smith
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, CB1169, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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McDonald MA, Calambokidis J, Teranishi AM, Hildebrand JA. The acoustic calls of blue whales off California with gender data. J Acoust Soc Am 2001; 109:1728-1735. [PMID: 11325141 DOI: 10.1121/1.1353593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The acoustic calls of blue whales off California are described with visual observations of behavior and with acoustic tracking. Acoustic call data with corresponding position tracks are analyzed for five calling blue whales during one 100-min time period. Three of the five animals produced type A-B calls while two produced another call type which we refer to as type D. One of the animals producing the A-B call type was identified as male. Pauses in call production corresponded to visually observed breathing intervals. There was no apparent coordination between the calling whales. The average call source level was calculated to be 186 dB re: 1 muPa at 1 m over the 10-110-Hz band for the type B calls. On two separate days, female blue whales were observed to be silent during respective monitoring periods of 20 min and 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A McDonald
- Cascadia Research, Olympia, Washington 98501, USA
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Gee JS, Cande SC, Hildebrand JA, Donnelly K, Parker RL. Geomagnetic intensity variations over the past 780 kyr obtained from near-seafloor magnetic anomalies. Nature 2000; 408:827-32. [PMID: 11130715 DOI: 10.1038/35048513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of past variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field provides an important constraint on models of the geodynamo. A record of absolute palaeointensity for the past 50 kyr has been compiled from archaeomagnetic and volcanic materials, and relative palaeointensities over the past 800 kyr have been obtained from sedimentary sequences. But a long-term record of geomagnetic intensity should also be carried by the thermoremanence of the oceanic crust Here we show that near-seafloor magnetic anomalies recorded over the southern East Pacific Rise are well correlated with independent estimates of geomagnetic intensity during the past 780 kyr. Moreover, the pattern of absolute palaeointensity of seafloor glass samples from the same area agrees with the well-documented dipole intensity pattern for the past 50 kyr. A comparison of palaeointensities derived from seafloor glass samples with global intensity variations thus allows us to estimate the ages of surficial lava flows in this region. The record of geomagnetic intensity preserved in the oceanic crust should provide a higher-time-resolution record of crustal accretion processes at mid-ocean ridges than has previously been obtainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Gee
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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Abstract
Six sonic booms, generated by F-4 aircraft under steady flight at a range of altitudes (610-6100 m) and Mach numbers (1.07-1.26), were measured just above the air/sea interface, and at five depths in the water column. The measurements were made with a vertical hydrophone array suspended from a small spar buoy at the sea surface, and telemetered to a nearby research vessel. The sonic boom pressure amplitude decays exponentially with depth, and the signal fades into the ambient noise field by 30-50 m, depending on the strength of the boom at the sea surface. Low-frequency components of the boom waveform penetrate significantly deeper than high frequencies. Frequencies greater than 20 Hz are difficult to observe at depths greater than about 10 m. Underwater sonic boom pressure measurements exhibit excellent agreement with predictions from analytical theory, despite the assumption of a flat air/sea interface. Significant scattering of the sonic boom signal by the rough ocean surface is not detected. Real ocean conditions appear to exert a negligible effect on the penetration of sonic booms into the ocean unless steady vehicle speeds exceed Mach 3, when the boom incidence angle is sufficient to cause scattering on realistic open ocean surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- RA Sohn
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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Abstract
Calling blue and fin whales have been tracked using relative travel times and amplitudes from both direct and multipath arrivals to a seafloor array of seismometers. Calls of three fin whales swimming in the same general direction, but several kilometers apart, are believed to represent communication between the whales because of signature differences in call character, an alternating call pattern, and coordination of call and respiration times. Whale call tracks, call patterns, call character, and swimming speeds were examined during periods with and without the presence of noise. Noise sources included airguns, when the whales were subject to sound levels of up to 143 dB P-P (peak-to-peak) re: 1 microPa over the 10 to 60-Hz band, and transits of merchant ships, when the whales received continuous levels up to 106 dB rms re: 1 microPa over the 10 to 60-Hz band (115 dB P-P). Whale responses associated with these noises remain arguable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A McDonald
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0205, USA
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Zumberge MA, Hildebrand JA, Stevenson JM, Parker RL, Chave AD, Ander ME, Spiess FN. Submarine measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 67:3051-3054. [PMID: 10044628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ander ME, Zumberge MA, Lautzenhiser T, Parker RL, Aiken CL, Gorman MR, Nieto MM, Cooper AP, Ferguson JF, Fisher E, McMechan GA, Sasagawa G, Stevenson JM, Backus G, Chave AD, Greer J, Hammer P, Hansen BL, Hildebrand JA, Kelty JR, Sidles C, Wirtz J. Test of Newton's inverse-square law in the Greenland ice cap. Phys Rev Lett 1989; 62:985-988. [PMID: 10040395 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.62.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Abstract
The acoustic microscope is used to investigate the elastic properties of living biological cells. A quantitative model is developed relating acoustic microscope image contrast to cellular elastic properties. Cytoplasmic acoustic attenuation is measured by focusing the acoustic microscope on the surface of the underlying substrate. Cytoplasmic acoustic impedance is measured by focusing the acoustic microscope on the top surface of the cell. The model allows the acoustic microscope to give quantitative information about cellular elasticity on a subcellular scale.
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Abstract
This paper reports preliminary results of the observation by acoustic microscopy of living cells in vitro. The scanning acoustic microscope uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images with submicrometer resolution. The contrast observed in acoustic micrographs of living cells depends on the acoustic properties (i.e., density, stiffness, and attenuation) and on the topographic contour of the cell. Variation in distance separating the acoustic lens and the viewed cell also has a profound effect on the image. When the substratum is located at the focal plane, thick regions of the cell show a darkening that can be related to cellular acoustic attenuation (a function of cytoplasmic viscosity). When the top of the cell is placed near the focal plane, concentric bright and dark rings appear in the image. The location of the rings can be related to cell topography, and the ring contrast can be correlated to the stiffness and density of the cell. In addition, the character of the images of single cells varies dramatically when the substratum upon which they are grown is changed to a different material. By careful selection of the substratum, the information content of the acoustic images can be increased. Our analysis of acoustic images of actively motile cells indicates that leading lamella are less dense or stiff than the quiescent trailing processes of the cells.
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