1
|
Coulon R, Leobino da Silva MA, Bendall E, Bergeron DE, Bobin C, Bonková I, Bowan AHH, Ryszard B, Capogni M, Capone M, Carconi P, Cassette P, Jeffrey TC, Clark EL, Collins S, Courte S, Czudek M, da Silva CJ, de Almeida Rangel J, De Felice P, Fan F, Fazio A, Fitzgerald RP, Fréchou C, Galea R, Gressier V, Iwahara A, Judge SM, Keevers CMB, Keightley J, Kossert K, Krivošík M, Kulkarni DB, Laureano-Perez L, Lech E, Leiras A, Liang J, Lima da Cruz PA, Lins da Silva R, Listkowska A, Liu H, Liu M, Lubbe J, Michotte C, Moore K, Nähle O, Nonis M, Pearce A, Pibida L, Quadros ALL, Ramirez N, Ravindra A, Sabot B, Saganowski P, Sathian V, Smith ML, Sharma R, Takács MP, van Rooy MW, Shearman R, van Staden MJ, van Wyngaardt WM, Yang Z, Zarifi M, Zhang M, Ziemek T. The international reference system for beta-particle emitting radionuclides: Validation through the pilot study CCRI(II)-P1.Co-60. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110945. [PMID: 37515859 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) is developing a new transfer instrument to extend its centralized services for assessing the international equivalence of radioactive standards to new radionuclides. A liquid scintillation counter using the triple/double coincidence ratio method is being studied and tested in the CCRI(II)-P1.Co-60 pilot study. The pilot study, involving 13 participating laboratories with primary calibration capabilities, validated the approach against the original international reference system based on ionization chambers, which has been in operation since 1976. The results are in agreement and an accuracy suitable for purpose, below 5×10-4, is achieved. The pilot study also reveals an issue when impurities emitting low-energy electrons are present in the standard solution, which have a different impact on liquid scintillation counting compared to other primary measurement methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Coulon
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France.
| | - Monica Aguiar Leobino da Silva
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Emma Bendall
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road Middlesex, TW11 0LW, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Denis E Bergeron
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Christophe Bobin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Ivana Bonková
- Slovenský Metrologický ústav, Karloveská 63, 842 55, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Angus H H Bowan
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australia
| | - Broda Ryszard
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Marco Capogni
- ENEA-Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Via Anguillarese - 301, I-00123, Roma, (IT), Italy
| | - Mauro Capone
- ENEA-Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Via Anguillarese - 301, I-00123, Roma, (IT), Italy
| | - Pierluigi Carconi
- ENEA-Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Via Anguillarese - 301, I-00123, Roma, (IT), Italy
| | - Philippe Cassette
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - T Cessna Jeffrey
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Emily L Clark
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australia
| | - Sean Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road Middlesex, TW11 0LW, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Sammy Courte
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France
| | - Marek Czudek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Carlos José da Silva
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Johnny de Almeida Rangel
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pierino De Felice
- ENEA-Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Via Anguillarese - 301, I-00123, Roma, (IT), Italy
| | - Fuyou Fan
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Aldo Fazio
- ENEA-Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Via Anguillarese - 301, I-00123, Roma, (IT), Italy
| | - Ryan P Fitzgerald
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Carole Fréchou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Raphael Galea
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A0R6, Canada
| | - Vincent Gressier
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France
| | - Akira Iwahara
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Steven M Judge
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France
| | | | - John Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road Middlesex, TW11 0LW, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Karsten Kossert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matej Krivošík
- Slovenský Metrologický ústav, Karloveská 63, 842 55, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Lizbeth Laureano-Perez
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Edyta Lech
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Anderson Leiras
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juncheng Liang
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Paulo Alberto Lima da Cruz
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Lins da Silva
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anna Listkowska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Haoran Liu
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Joline Lubbe
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa, 15 Lower Hope Road, Rosebank, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Carine Michotte
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France
| | - Kimberly Moore
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A0R6, Canada
| | - Ole Nähle
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manuel Nonis
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France
| | - Andy Pearce
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road Middlesex, TW11 0LW, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Leticia Pibida
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - André L L Quadros
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natasha Ramirez
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road Middlesex, TW11 0LW, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benoit Sabot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Paweł Saganowski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - V Sathian
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Michael L Smith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australia
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Marcell P Takács
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Milton W van Rooy
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa, 15 Lower Hope Road, Rosebank, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Robert Shearman
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road Middlesex, TW11 0LW, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J van Staden
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa, 15 Lower Hope Road, Rosebank, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | | | - Zhijie Yang
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Melek Zarifi
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australia
| | - Ming Zhang
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Tomasz Ziemek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bobin C, Bouchard J, Chisté V, Collins SM, Dryák P, Fenwick A, Keightley J, Lépy MC, Lourenço V, Robinson AP, Sochorová J, Šolc J, Thiam C. Activity measurements and determination of nuclear decay data of 166Ho in the MRTDosimetry project. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 153:108826. [PMID: 31525708 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Holmium-166 is a high-energy β--emitter radionuclide (~ 1.8 MeV) with a short half-life (~26.8h) that offers great potential as an alternative to 90Y for the treatment of liver cancer based on radioembolization. The possibility of quantitative Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging of the main γ-ray emission at 80.6 keV, in addition to strong paramagnetic properties suitable for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), complement this therapeutic potential. The present paper describes the measurements carried out in three European radionuclide metrology laboratories for primary standardization of 166Ho and new determinations of X- and γ-ray photon-emission intensities in the framework of the European EMPIR project MRTDosimetry. New half-life measurements were also performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bobin
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - J Bouchard
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - V Chisté
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - P Dryák
- Czech Metrology Institute, Okruzni 31, 638 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Fenwick
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - J Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - M-C Lépy
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - V Lourenço
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A P Robinson
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Christie Medical Physics and Engineering (CMPE), The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, M20 4BX, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J Sochorová
- Czech Metrology Institute, Okruzni 31, 638 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Šolc
- Czech Metrology Institute, Okruzni 31, 638 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - C Thiam
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Essex RM, Williams RW, Treinen KC, Collé R, Fitzgerald R, Galea R, Keightley J, LaRosa J, Laureano-Pérez L, Nour S, Pibida L. Preparation and calibration of a 231Pa reference material. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019; 322:10.1007/s10967-019-06711-6. [PMID: 32165777 PMCID: PMC7067278 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A 231Pa reference material has been characterized for amount of protactinium. This reference material is primarily intended for calibration of 233Pa tracers produced for 235U-231Pa model age measurements associated with nuclear forensics and nuclear safeguards. Primary measurements for characterization were made by isotope dilution mass spectrometry of a purified 231Pa solution using a 233Pa isotopic spike. The spike was calibrated by allowing multiple aliquots of the 233Pa spike solution to decay to 233U and then measuring the ingrown 233U by isotope dilution mass spectrometry using a certified uranium assay and isotopic standard as a reverse-spike. The new 231Pa reference material will simplify calibration of the 233Pa isotope dilution spikes, provide metrological traceability, and potentially reduce the overall measurement uncertainty of model ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Essex
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Ross W. Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-231, Livermore, CA 94551-0808, USA
| | - Kerri C. Treinen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-231, Livermore, CA 94551-0808, USA
| | - Ronald Collé
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Ryan Fitzgerald
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Raphael Galea
- Ionizing Radiation Standards, National Research Council, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A0R6, Canada
| | - John Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Rd, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Jerome LaRosa
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Lizbeth Laureano-Pérez
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Svetlana Nour
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Leticia Pibida
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cessna JT, Fitzgerald R, Zimmerman BE, Laureano-Pérez L, Bergeron DE, van Wyngaardt F, Smith M, Jackson T, Howe B, da Silva CJ, Iwahara A, da Cruz PAL, Zhang M, Liu H, Liang J, Fréchou C, Bobin C, Cassette P, Kossert K, Nähle O, Marganiec-Gałązka J, Joseph L, Ravindra A, Kulkarni DN, Yunoki A, Sato Y, Lee KB, Lee JM, Agung, Dziel T, Listkowska A, Tymiński Z, Sahagia M, Antohe A, Ioan MR, Luca A, Krivosek M, Ometakova J, Javornik A, Zalesakova M, García-Toraño Martinez E, Roteta M, Mejuto M, Nedjadi Y, Juget F, Yuan MC, Yeh CY, Yeltepe E, Dirican A, Keightley J, Pearce A. Results of an international comparison of activity measurements of 68Ge. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 134:385-390. [PMID: 29248210 PMCID: PMC10996930 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An international key comparison, identifier CCRI(II)-K2.Ge-68, has been performed. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) served as the pilot laboratory, distributing aliquots of a 68Ge/68Ga solution. Results for the activity concentration, CA, of 68Ge at a reference date of 12h00 UTC 14 November 2014 were submitted by 17 laboratories, encompassing many variants of coincidence methods and liquid-scintillation counting methods. The first use of 4π(Cherenkov)β-γ coincidence and anticoincidence methods in an international comparison is reported. One participant reported results by secondary methods only. Two results, both utilizing pure liquid-scintillation methods, were identified as outliers. Evaluation using the Power-Moderated Mean method results in a proposed Comparison Reference Value (CRV) of 621.7(11)kBqg-1, based on 14 results. The degrees of equivalence and their associated uncertainties are evaluated for each participant. Several participants submitted 3.6mL ampoules to the BIPM to link the comparison to the International Reference System (SIR) which may lead to the evaluation of a Key Comparison Reference Value and associated degrees of equivalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Cessna
- Physical Measurements Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - R Fitzgerald
- Physical Measurements Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - B E Zimmerman
- Physical Measurements Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - L Laureano-Pérez
- Physical Measurements Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - D E Bergeron
- Physical Measurements Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - F van Wyngaardt
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - M Smith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - T Jackson
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - B Howe
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - C J da Silva
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Iwahara
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P A L da Cruz
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Zhang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - H Liu
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - J Liang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - C Fréchou
- Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais - Laboratoire national Henri Becquerel, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - C Bobin
- Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais - Laboratoire national Henri Becquerel, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - P Cassette
- Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais - Laboratoire national Henri Becquerel, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - K Kossert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - O Nähle
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - L Joseph
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - A Ravindra
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | - A Yunoki
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y Sato
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - K B Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Agung
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - T Dziel
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Otwock, Poland
| | - A Listkowska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Otwock, Poland
| | - Z Tymiński
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Otwock, Poland
| | - M Sahagia
- National Institute of Research and Development for Physics and Nuclear Engineering "Horia Hulubei", Bucarest - Magurele, Romania
| | - A Antohe
- National Institute of Research and Development for Physics and Nuclear Engineering "Horia Hulubei", Bucarest - Magurele, Romania
| | - M-R Ioan
- National Institute of Research and Development for Physics and Nuclear Engineering "Horia Hulubei", Bucarest - Magurele, Romania
| | - A Luca
- National Institute of Research and Development for Physics and Nuclear Engineering "Horia Hulubei", Bucarest - Magurele, Romania
| | - M Krivosek
- Slovenský Metrologický Ústav, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J Ometakova
- Slovenský Metrologický Ústav, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - A Javornik
- Slovenský Metrologický Ústav, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Zalesakova
- Slovenský Metrologický Ústav, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - M Roteta
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Mejuto
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Nedjadi
- Institut Universitaire de Radiophysique Appliquée, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Juget
- Institut Universitaire de Radiophysique Appliquée, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M-C Yuan
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - C Y Yeh
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - E Yeltepe
- Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Lodumlu - Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Dirican
- Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Lodumlu - Ankara, Turkey
| | - J Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - A Pearce
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Michotte C, Nonis M, Bergeron D, Cessna J, Fitzgerald R, Pibida L, Zimmerman B, Fenwick A, Ferreira K, Keightley J, Da Silva I. Activity measurements of the radionuclides 18F and 64Cu for the NIST, USA in the ongoing comparisons BIPM.RI(II)-K4.F-18 and BIPM.RI(II)-K4.Cu-64. Metrologia 2017; 54:https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/54/1a/06011. [PMID: 33100400 PMCID: PMC7579768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In 2016, comparisons of activity measurements of 18F and 64Cu using the Transfer Instrument of the International Reference System (SIRTI) took place at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA). This is the first SIRTI comparison for 64Cu. Ampoules containing about 27 kBq of 18F and 100 kBq of 64Cu solutions were measured in the SIRTI for about 5 and 1.5 half-lives, respectively. The NIST standardized the activity in the ampoules by ionization chamber measurements traceable to 4π(LS)β-γ anticoincidence measurements. The comparisons, identifiers BIPM.RI(II)-K4.F-18 and BIPM.RI(II)-K4.Cu-64, are linked to the corresponding BIPM.RI(II)-K1.F-18 and BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cu-64 comparisons and degrees of equivalence with the respective key comparison reference values have been evaluated. The NIST replaces its earlier degree of equivalence for 18F obtained in the frame of the CCRI(II)-K3.F-18 comparison in 2001.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Michotte
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM)
| | - M Nonis
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM)
| | - D Bergeron
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA
| | - J Cessna
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA
| | - R Fitzgerald
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA
| | - L Pibida
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA
| | - B Zimmerman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA
| | - A Fenwick
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stanga D, De Felice P, Keightley J, Capogni M, Ioan MR. A novel method for the activity measurement of large-area beta reference sources. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 109:358-362. [PMID: 26701656 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel method has been developed for the activity measurement of large-area beta reference sources. It makes use of two emission rate measurements and is based on the weak dependence between the source activity and the activity distribution for a given value of transmission coefficient. The method was checked experimentally by measuring the activity of two ((60)Co and (137)Cs) large-area reference sources constructed from anodized aluminum foils. Measurement results were compared with the activity values measured by gamma spectrometry. For each source, they agree within one standard uncertainty and also agree within the same limits with the certified values of the source activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Stanga
- National Institute of R&D for Physics and Nuclear Engineering-Horia Hulubei, IFIN-HH, P.O. Box MG-6, Bucharest-Magurele R-077125, Romania.
| | - P De Felice
- Instituto Nazionale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni Ionizzante, ENEA, C.R. Casaccia, P.O. Box 2400, I-00100 Rome, Italy
| | - J Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - M Capogni
- Instituto Nazionale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni Ionizzante, ENEA, C.R. Casaccia, P.O. Box 2400, I-00100 Rome, Italy
| | - M R Ioan
- National Institute of R&D for Physics and Nuclear Engineering-Horia Hulubei, IFIN-HH, P.O. Box MG-6, Bucharest-Magurele R-077125, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stanga D, De Felice P, Keightley J, Capogni M, Ionescu E. Modeling the transmission of beta rays through thin foils in planar geometry. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 107:206-213. [PMID: 26524407 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper is concerned with the modeling of the transmission of beta rays through thin foils in planar geometry based on the plane source concept, using Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport and least squares fitting. Applications of modeling results for calculating the efficiency of large-area beta sources, transmission coefficient of beta rays through thin foils and the beta detection efficiency of large-area detectors used in surface contamination measurements are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Stanga
- National Institute of R&D for Physics and Nuclear Engineering-HoriaHulubei, IFIN-HH, P.O. Box MG-6, Bucharest, Magurele, R-077125, Romania.
| | - P De Felice
- Instituto Nazionale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni Ionizzante, ENEA, C.R. Casaccia, P.O. Box 2400, I-00100 Rome, Italy
| | - J Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - M Capogni
- Instituto Nazionale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni Ionizzante, ENEA, C.R. Casaccia, P.O. Box 2400, I-00100 Rome, Italy
| | - E Ionescu
- National Institute of R&D for Physics and Nuclear Engineering-HoriaHulubei, IFIN-HH, P.O. Box MG-6, Bucharest, Magurele, R-077125, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Collins S, Keightley J, Gilligan C, Gasparro J, Pearce A. Determination of the gamma emission intensities of ¹¹¹Ag. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 87:107-11. [PMID: 24373871 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A radioactive solution of (111)Ag, standardised by the absolute measurement methods 4π(PC)-γ and 4π(LS)-γ coincidence counting at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), was measured by two independently calibrated HPGe γ spectrometers in order to estimate the γ emission intensities and to determine the absolute intensity, with the aim of improving the currently published values. An absolute intensity value of 6.68 (7)% was obtained for the 342.1 keV γ emission, which is in agreement with previously reported values, but greatly reduces the uncertainty. Additionally, this work proposes a new emission intensity for the 450.0 keV γ emission that has not been previously reported, with an absolute intensity of 0.000482 (12)%. An investigation of the published γ emission intensities shows significant discrepancies that require resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom.
| | - John Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Gilligan
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Gasparro
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Pearce
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bé MM, Cassette P, Lépy M, Amiot MN, Kossert K, Nähle O, Ott O, Wanke C, Dryak P, Ratel G, Sahagia M, Luca A, Antohe A, Johansson L, Keightley J, Pearce A. Standardization, decay data measurements and evaluation of 64Cu. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:1894-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Pommé S, Keightley J. Count Rate Estimation of a Poisson Process: Unbiased Fit versus Central Moment Analysis of Time Interval Spectra. ACS Symposium Series 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2007-0945.ch023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Pommé
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - J. Keightley
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
International measurement comparisons are organised regularly for EU laboratories involved in monitoring radioactivity, with emphasis on meeting routine measurement conditions. Using the recent comparison of 137Cs in air filters as an example, the whole cycle is described: establishment of traceable reference values, spiking of individual filters for the comparison and their quality assurance, treatment and measurement of filters in the participating laboratories and evaluation of comparison results. The treatment of an individual result, deviating widely from the reference value, is discussed. Monte-Carlo simulations allow to estimate the maximum errors possibly made due to a non-suitable measurement geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Wätjen
- EC-JRC, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
This study investigated what influences mental health professionals when deciding whether or not to tell someone with dementia their diagnosis. A qualitative methodology was employed and the data analysed using grounded theory. Currently people with dementia tend not to be told their diagnosis, despite evidence that sharing diagnostic information can improve psychological well-being and adjustment. Why professionals are reluctant to share diagnostic information with people with dementia is unclear, although the literature raises a number of possibilities. Seven professionals were interviewed (two clinical psychologists and five community psychiatric nurses). The main influence on their disclosure practice was uncertainty about whether the person with dementia would want to know the diagnosis, fueled by a fear that to tell them if they did not want to know would cause harm. Professionals also expressed a strong sense of both hopelessness and helplessness when confronted with dementia. This was then projected onto the person with dementia, which in turn led to the professionals adopting an overly protective stance towards them. If professionals are to resolve their sense of uncertainty about what the person with dementia wants, in terms of diagnostic information, services need to develop ways in which the views of people with dementia can be heard and start to influence service provision and policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Keightley
- Community Mental Health Team for Older People, St. Martin's Hospital, Bath, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|