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Timmins J, van Wyk N, Kroukamp H, Walker R, Fritsch S, Rauhut D, Wallbrunn C, Pretorius I, Paulsen I. Engineering a fermenting yeast able to produce the fragrant β-ionone apocarotenoid for enhanced aroma properties in wine. FEMS Yeast Res 2023; 23:7008492. [PMID: 36708173 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wine is composed of multitudinous flavour components and volatile organic compounds that provide this beverage with its attractive properties of taste and aroma. The perceived quality of a wine can be attributed to the absolute and relative concentrations of favourable aroma compounds; hence, increasing the detectable levels of an attractive aroma, such as β-ionone with its violet and berry notes, can improve the organoleptic qualities of given wine styles. We here describe the generation of a new grape-must fermenting strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is capable of releasing β-ionone through the heterologous expression of both the enzyme carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 (CCD1) and its substrate, β-carotene. Haploid laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae were constructed with and without integrated carotenogenic genes and transformed with a plasmid containing the genes of CCD1. These strains were then mated with a sporulated diploid wine industry yeast, VIN13, and four resultant crosses-designated MQ01-MQ04-which were capable of fermenting the must to dryness were compared for their ability to release β-ionone. Analyses of their fermentation products showed that the MQ01 strain produced a high level of β-ionone and offers a fermenting hybrid yeast with the potential to enhance the organoleptic qualities of wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Timmins
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, 6 Wallys Way, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Niel van Wyk
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, 6 Wallys Way, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia.,Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biochemie, Hochschule Geisenheim University, von-Lade-Str. 1, D-65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Heinrich Kroukamp
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, 6 Wallys Way, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Roy Walker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, 6 Wallys Way, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - S Fritsch
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biochemie, Hochschule Geisenheim University, von-Lade-Str. 1, D-65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Doris Rauhut
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biochemie, Hochschule Geisenheim University, von-Lade-Str. 1, D-65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Christian Wallbrunn
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biochemie, Hochschule Geisenheim University, von-Lade-Str. 1, D-65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Isak Pretorius
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, 6 Wallys Way, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ian Paulsen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, 6 Wallys Way, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
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Spencer-Vaele D, Timmins J, Hampton S. Effects of Wegener's granulomatosis and rheumatoid arthritis on leg health and wound healing. Br J Community Nurs 2019; 24:S36-S37. [PMID: 31804881 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2019.24.sup12.s36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Timmins
- International Medical Director at Mölnlycke Health Care, Registered Nurse and former Tissue Viability Nurse
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Kao J, Zucker A, Timmins J, Wong A, Woodall A, Loizides E. EP-1311: Beyond IMRT for Prostate Cancer: The Effect of Modern Technique on Treatment Quality and Outcome. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31746-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pellegrino S, McSweeney S, Timmins J. Understanding the role of RecN in the DSB repair pathway of Deinococcus radiodurans. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311080317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Timmins J, Leiros I, Gordon E, Leonard G, McSweeney S. Towards a better understanding of DNA repair in Deinococcus radiodurans. Acta Crystallogr A 2007. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767307097450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Garcel A, Gout E, Timmins J, Chroboczek J, Fender P. Protein transduction into human cells by adenovirus dodecahedron using WW domains as universal adaptors. J Gene Med 2006; 8:524-31. [PMID: 16389639 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct protein transduction is a recent technique that involves use of peptide vectors. In this study, we demonstrate that adenovirus dodecahedron (Dd), a virus-like particle devoid of DNA and able to penetrate cells with high efficiency, can be used as a vector for protein delivery. METHODS Taking advantage of Dd interaction with structural domains called WW, we have elaborated a universal adaptor to attach a protein of interest to this vector. RESULTS A tandem of three WW structural domains derived from the Nedd4 protein enables the formation of stable complexes with Dd, without impairing its endocytosis efficiency. Our protein of interest fused to the triple WW linker is delivered by the dodecahedron in 100% of cells in culture with on average more than ten million molecules per cell. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate the great potential of adenovirus dodecahedron in combination with WW domains as a protein transduction vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garcel
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble, France
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Timmins J, Leiros I, Hall DR, McSweeney S. Crystal structure of Deinococcus radioduransRecO. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305090537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
We have analysed the expression and cellular localisation of the matrix protein VP40 from Ebola virus. Full-length VP40 and an N-terminal truncated construct missing the first 31 residues [VP40(31-326)] both locate to the plasma membrane of 293T cells when expressed transiently, while a C-terminal truncation of residues 213 to 326 [VP40(31-212)] shows only expression in the cytoplasm, when analysed by indirect immunofluorescence and plasma membrane preparations. In addition, we find that full-length VP40 [VP40(1-326)] and VP40(31-326) are both released into the cell culture supernatant and float up in sucrose gradients. The efficiency of their release, however, is dependent on the presence of the N-terminal 31 residues. VP40 that is released into the supernatant is resistant to trypsin digestion, a finding that is consistent with the formation of viruslike particles detected by electron microscopy. Together, these results provide strong evidence that Ebola virus VP40 is sufficient for virus assembly and budding from the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Timmins
- EMBL, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, France
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Scianimanico S, Schoehn G, Timmins J, Ruigrok RH, Klenk HD, Weissenhorn W. Membrane association induces a conformational change in the Ebola virus matrix protein. EMBO J 2000; 19:6732-41. [PMID: 11118208 PMCID: PMC305896 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/19.24.6732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix protein VP40 from Ebola virus is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is thought to induce assembly and budding of virions through its association with the lipid bilayer. Ebola virus VP40 is expressed as a monomeric molecule in solution, consisting of two loosely associated domains. Here we show that a C-terminal truncation of seven residues destabilizes the monomeric closed conformation and induces spontaneous hexamerization in solution, as indicated by chemical cross-linking and electron microscopy. Three-dimensional reconstruction of electron microscopy images shows ring-like structures consisting of the N-terminal domain along with evidence for flexibly attached C-terminal domains. In vitro destabilization of the monomer by urea treatment results in similar hexameric molecules in solution. In addition, we demonstrate that membrane association of wild-type VP40 also induces the conformational switch from monomeric to hexameric molecules that may form the building blocks for initiation of virus assembly and budding. Such a conformational change induced by bilayer targeting may be a common feature of many viral matrix proteins and its potential inhibition may result in new anti-viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scianimanico
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Grenoble Outstation, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Gershlick AH, Spriggins D, Davies SW, Syndercombe Court YD, Timmins J, Timmis AD, Rothman MT, Layton C, Balcon R. Failure of epoprostenol (prostacyclin, PGI2) to inhibit platelet aggregation and to prevent restenosis after coronary angioplasty: results of a randomised placebo controlled trial. Br Heart J 1994; 71:7-15. [PMID: 8297699 PMCID: PMC483601 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.71.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of epoprostenol (prostacyclin, PGI2) given before, during, and for 36 h after coronary angioplasty on restenosis at six months and to evaluate the transcardiac gradient of platelet aggregation before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in treated and placebo groups. DESIGN Double blind placebo controlled randomised study. PATIENTS 135 patients with successful coronary angioplasty. METHODS Intravenous infusion of PGI2 (4 ng/kg/ml) or buffer was started before balloon angioplasty and continued for 36 hours. Platelet aggregation was measured in blood from the aorta and coronary sinus before and after PTCA in each group. Routine follow up was at six months with repeat angiography and there was quantitative assessment of all angiograms (those undertaken within the follow up period and at routine follow up). PRESENTATION OF RESULTS: Restenosis rates in treated and placebo groups determined according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute definition IV. Comparison at follow up between the effect of treatment on mean absolute luminal diameter and mean absolute follow up diameter in the placebo group. Comparison of acute gain and late loss between groups. RESULTS Of 125 patients available for assessment 23 were re-admitted because of angina within the follow up period. Quantitative angiography showed restenosis in 15 (10 in the PGI2 group and five in the placebo group). Of 105 patients evaluated at six month angiography there was restenosis in nine more in the PGI2 group and 18 more in the placebo group. Total restenosis rates (for patients) were 29.2% for PGI2 and 38.3% for placebo (NS). The mean absolute gain in luminal diameter was 1.84 (0.76) mm in the PGI2 group and 1.58 (0.56) mm in the placebo group (p = 0.04); the late loss in the PGI2 group was also greater (0.65 (0.94) mm vs 0.62 (0.89) mm (NS) and there was no significant difference in final luminal diameter at follow up between the two groups (1.83 (0.88) mm v 1.59 (0.60) mm). The transcardiac gradient of quantitative platelet aggregation increased after PTCA in both groups, indicating that PGI2 in this dose did not affect angioplasty-induced platelet activation. Mean (SD) platelet activation indices in the PGI2 group were pre PTCA aorta 8.4 (4.1) v coronary sinus 8.8 (4.0) (p = 0.001) and post PTCA aorta 8.9(3.0) v coronary sinus 12.9 (5.7) (p = 0.001). In the placebo group the values were pre PTCA aorta 7.6 (3.3) v coronary sinus 7.4 (3.6) (p = 0.001) and post PTCA aorta 7.6(2.8) v coronary sinus 11.2(4.3) (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The dose of PGI2 given was designed to limit side effects and as a short-term infusion did not significantly decrease the six month restenosis rate after PTCA. The sample size, which was determined by the original protocol and chosen because of the potency of the agent being tested, would have detected only a 50% reduction in restenosis rate. There was, however, no effect in the treated patients on the increased platelet aggregation seen in placebo group as a result of angioplasty. Angioplasty is a powerful stimulus to blood factor activation. Powerful agents that prevent local platelet adhesion and aggregation are likely to be required to reduce restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Gershlick
- Academic Department of Cardiology, Groby Road Hospital, Leicester
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Illingworth C, Timmins J. Gripe water: what is it? Why is it given? Health Visit 1990; 63:378. [PMID: 2266018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Large numbers of babies are given gripe water for no valid reason or for only trivial symptoms, write Cynthia Illingworth and John Timmins. When a health visitor survey of Sheffield mothers and babies showed how widespread was the practice of giving gripe water, they decided to seek information about the nature of gripe water, the conditions which it is supposed to treat and its use by a representative number of women.
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Abstract
A patient with Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome had a lifelong history of spatial disorientation and visual-spatial cognitive defects demonstrated by psychological tests. We suggest that the abnormalities of behavior and test performance may be related atrophic lesions demonstrated by pneumoencephalography and computerized axial tomography. We consider several explanations to account for the lack of compensation for these cognitive defects.
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