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Tato M, Kumar SV, Liu Y, Mulay SR, Moll S, Popper B, Eberhard JN, Thomasova D, Rufer AC, Gruner S, Haap W, Hartmann G, Anders HJ. Cathepsin S inhibition combines control of systemic and peripheral pathomechanisms of autoimmune tissue injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2775. [PMID: 28584258 PMCID: PMC5459853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin(Cat)-S processing of the invariant chain-MHC-II complex inside antigen presenting cells is a central pathomechanism of autoimmune-diseases. Additionally, Cat-S is released by activated-myeloid cells and was recently described to activate protease-activated-receptor-(PAR)-2 in extracellular compartments. We hypothesized that Cat-S blockade targets both mechanisms and elicits synergistic therapeutic effects on autoimmune tissue injury. MRL-(Fas)lpr mice with spontaneous autoimmune tissue injury were treated with different doses of Cat-S inhibitor RO5459072, mycophenolate mofetil or vehicle. Further, female MRL-(Fas)lpr mice were injected with recombinant Cat-S with/without concomitant Cat-S or PAR-2 blockade. Cat-S blockade dose-dependently reversed aberrant systemic autoimmunity, e.g. plasma cytokines, activation of myeloid cells and hypergammaglobulinemia. Especially IgG autoantibody production was suppressed. Of note (MHC-II-independent) IgM were unaffected by Cat-S blockade while they were suppressed by MMF. Cat-S blockade dose-dependently suppressed immune-complex glomerulonephritis together with a profound and early effect on proteinuria, which was not shared by MMF. In fact, intravenous Cat-S injection induced severe glomerular endothelial injury and albuminuria, which was entirely prevented by Cat-S or PAR-2 blockade. In-vitro studies confirm that Cat-S induces endothelial activation and injury via PAR-2. Therapeutic Cat-S blockade suppresses systemic and peripheral pathomechanisms of autoimmune tissue injury, hence, Cat-S is a promising therapeutic target in lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Tato
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Renal Division, Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, München, Germany
| | - Santhosh V Kumar
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Renal Division, Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, München, Germany
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Renal Division, Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, München, Germany.,Dalian Central Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Renal Division, Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, München, Germany
| | - Solange Moll
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Popper
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jonathan N Eberhard
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Renal Division, Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, München, Germany
| | - Dana Thomasova
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Renal Division, Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, München, Germany
| | - Arne Christian Rufer
- Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Gruner
- Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Haap
- Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guido Hartmann
- Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Renal Division, Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, München, Germany.
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Mulay SR, Eberhard JN, Desai J, Marschner JA, Kumar SVR, Weidenbusch M, Grigorescu M, Lech M, Eltrich N, Müller L, Hans W, Hrabě de Angelis M, Vielhauer V, Hoppe B, Asplin J, Burzlaff N, Herrmann M, Evan A, Anders HJ. Hyperoxaluria Requires TNF Receptors to Initiate Crystal Adhesion and Kidney Stone Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:761-768. [PMID: 27612997 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrarenal crystals trigger inflammation and renal cell necroptosis, processes that involve TNF receptor (TNFR) signaling. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TNFRs also have a direct role in tubular crystal deposition and progression of hyperoxaluria-related CKD. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed upregulated tubular expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in human and murine kidneys with calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrocalcinosis-related CKD compared with controls. Western blot and mRNA expression analyses in mice yielded consistent data. When fed an oxalate-rich diet, wild-type mice developed progressive CKD, whereas Tnfr1-, Tnfr2-, and Tnfr1/2-deficient mice did not. Despite identical levels of hyperoxaluria, Tnfr1-, Tnfr2-, and Tnfr1/2-deficient mice also lacked the intrarenal CaOx deposition and tubular damage observed in wild-type mice. Inhibition of TNFR signaling prevented the induced expression of the crystal adhesion molecules, CD44 and annexin II, in tubular epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo, and treatment with the small molecule TNFR inhibitor R-7050 partially protected hyperoxaluric mice from nephrocalcinosis and CKD. We conclude that TNFR signaling is essential for CaOx crystal adhesion to the luminal membrane of renal tubules as a fundamental initiating mechanism of oxalate nephropathy. Furthermore, therapeutic blockade of TNFR might delay progressive forms of nephrocalcinosis in oxalate nephropathy, such as primary hyperoxaluria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant R Mulay
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan N Eberhard
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jyaysi Desai
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian A Marschner
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Santhosh V R Kumar
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Weidenbusch
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa Grigorescu
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nuru Eltrich
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Inorganic Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hans
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Volker Vielhauer
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoppe
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - John Asplin
- Litholink Corporation, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Inorganic Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department for Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Erlangen, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Andrew Evan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany;
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Mulay SR, Desai J, Kumar SV, Eberhard JN, Thomasova D, Romoli S, Grigorescu M, Kulkarni OP, Popper B, Vielhauer V, Zuchtriegel G, Reichel C, Bräsen JH, Romagnani P, Bilyy R, Munoz LE, Herrmann M, Liapis H, Krautwald S, Linkermann A, Anders HJ. Cytotoxicity of crystals involves RIPK3-MLKL-mediated necroptosis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10274. [PMID: 26817517 PMCID: PMC4738349 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystals cause injury in numerous disorders, and induce inflammation via the NLRP3 inflammasome, however, it remains unclear how crystals induce cell death. Here we report that crystals of calcium oxalate, monosodium urate, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate and cystine trigger caspase-independent cell death in five different cell types, which is blocked by necrostatin-1. RNA interference for receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) or mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL), two core proteins of the necroptosis pathway, blocks crystal cytotoxicity. Consistent with this, deficiency of RIPK3 or MLKL prevents oxalate crystal-induced acute kidney injury. The related tissue inflammation drives TNF-α-related necroptosis. Also in human oxalate crystal-related acute kidney injury, dying tubular cells stain positive for phosphorylated MLKL. Furthermore, necrostatin-1 and necrosulfonamide, an inhibitor for human MLKL suppress crystal-induced cell death in human renal progenitor cells. Together, TNF-α/TNFR1, RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL are molecular targets to limit crystal-induced cytotoxicity, tissue injury and organ failure. Kidney stone disease is caused by accumulation of oxalate crystals, which trigger tissue injury, inflammation and cell death. Mulay et al. show that crystals induce cell death in the kidney through necroptosis, and propose that this pathway may be a target for the treatment of crystal-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant R Mulay
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Jyaysi Desai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Santhosh V Kumar
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Jonathan N Eberhard
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Dana Thomasova
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Simone Romoli
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Melissa Grigorescu
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Onkar P Kulkarni
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Bastian Popper
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Volker Vielhauer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Christoph Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Jan Hinrich Bräsen
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of De Novo Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Luis E Munoz
- Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Helen Liapis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Nephropath, Little Rock, Arkansas 72211, USA
| | - Stefan Krautwald
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
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Mulay SR, Eberhard JN, Pfann V, Marschner JA, Darisipudi MN, Daniel C, Romoli S, Desai J, Grigorescu M, Kumar SV, Rathkolb B, Wolf E, Hrabě de Angelis M, Bäuerle T, Dietel B, Wagner CA, Amann K, Eckardt KU, Aronson PS, Anders HJ, Knauf F. Oxalate-induced chronic kidney disease with its uremic and cardiovascular complications in C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F785-F795. [PMID: 26764204 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00488.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) research is limited by the lack of convenient inducible models mimicking human CKD and its complications in experimental animals. We demonstrate that a soluble oxalate-rich diet induces stable stages of CKD in male and female C57BL/6 mice. Renal histology is characterized by tubular damage, remnant atubular glomeruli, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis, with the extent of tissue involvement depending on the duration of oxalate feeding. Expression profiling of markers and magnetic resonance imaging findings established to reflect inflammation and fibrosis parallel the histological changes. Within 3 wk, the mice reproducibly develop normochromic anemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, FGF23 activation, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism. In addition, the model is characterized by profound arterial hypertension as well as cardiac fibrosis that persist following the switch to a control diet. Together, this new model of inducible CKD overcomes a number of previous experimental limitations and should serve useful in research related to CKD and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant R Mulay
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan N Eberhard
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Victoria Pfann
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian A Marschner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Murthy N Darisipudi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Romoli
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jyaysi Desai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa Grigorescu
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Santhosh V Kumar
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen, Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Dietel
- Department of Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter S Aronson
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Knauf
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; .,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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