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Robert C, Tsiampali J, Fraser-Miller SJ, Neumann S, Maciaczyk D, Young SL, Maciaczyk J, Gordon KC. Molecular monitoring of glioblastoma's immunogenicity using a combination of Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 252:119534. [PMID: 33588367 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been used as a powerful diagnostic and non-invasive tool in cancer diagnosis as well as in discrimination of cancer and immune cells. In this study RS in combination with chemometrics was applied to cellular Raman spectral data to distinguish the phenotype of T-cells and monocytes after incubation with media conditioned by glioblastoma stem-cells (GSCs) showing different molecular background. For this purpose, genetic modulations of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and expression of immunomodulator CD73 were introduced. Principal component analysis of the Raman spectral data showed that T-cells and monocytes incubated with tumour-conditioned media (TCMs) of GSCs with inhibited EMT activator ZEB1 or CD73 formed distinct clusters compared to controls highlighting their differences. Further discriminatory analysis performed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine classification (SVM), yielded sensitivities and specificities of over 70 and 67% respectively upon validation against an independent test set. Supporting those results, flow cytometric analysis was performed to test the influence of TCMs on cytokine profile of T-cells and monocytes. We found that ZEB1 and CD73 influence T-cell and monocyte phenotype and promote monocyte differentiation into a population of mixed pro- and anti-tumorigenic macrophages (MΦs) and dendritic cells (DCs) respectively. In conclusion, Raman spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics enabled tracking T-cells and monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chima Robert
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonics and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Julia Tsiampali
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sara J Fraser-Miller
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonics and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Silke Neumann
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Donata Maciaczyk
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L Young
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jaroslaw Maciaczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53179 Bonn, Germany; Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonics and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Tsiampali J, Neumann S, Giesen B, Koch K, Maciaczyk D, Janiak C, Hänggi D, Maciaczyk J. Enzymatic Activity of CD73 Modulates Invasion of Gliomas via Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Like Reprogramming. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E378. [PMID: 33187081 PMCID: PMC7698190 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumour in adulthood. Despite strong research efforts current treatment options have a limited impact on glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) which contribute to GBM formation, progression and chemoresistance. Invasive growth of GSCs is in part associated with epithelial-mesenchymal-like transition (EMT), a mechanism associated with CD73 in several cancers. Here, we show that CD73 regulates the EMT activator SNAIL1 and further investigate the role of enzymatic and non-enzymatic CD73 activity in GBM progression. Reduction of CD73 protein resulted in significant suppression of GSC viability, proliferation and clonogenicity, whereas CD73 enzymatic activity exhibited negative effects only on GSC invasion involving impaired downstream adenosine (ADO) signalling. Furthermore, application of phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline, a potent immunomodulator, effectively inhibited ZEB1 and CD73 expression and significantly decreased viability, clonogenicity, and invasion of GSC in vitro cultures. Given the involvement of adenosine and A3 adenosine receptor in GSC invasion, we investigated the effect of the pharmacological inhibition of A3AR on GSC maintenance. Direct A3AR inhibition promoted apoptotic cell death and impaired the clonogenicity of GSC cultures. Taken together, our data indicate that CD73 is an exciting novel target in GBM therapy. Moreover, pharmacological interference, resulting in disturbed ADO signalling, provides new opportunities to innovate GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tsiampali
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (J.T.); (K.K.); (D.H.)
| | - Silke Neumann
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (S.N.); (D.M.)
| | - Beatriz Giesen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (B.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Katharina Koch
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (J.T.); (K.K.); (D.H.)
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Donata Maciaczyk
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (S.N.); (D.M.)
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (B.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (J.T.); (K.K.); (D.H.)
| | - Jaroslaw Maciaczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53179 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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Koch K, Hartmann R, Tsiampali J, Uhlmann C, Nickel AC, He X, Kamp MA, Sabel M, Barker RA, Steiger HJ, Hänggi D, Willbold D, Maciaczyk J, Kahlert UD. A comparative pharmaco-metabolomic study of glutaminase inhibitors in glioma stem-like cells confirms biological effectiveness but reveals differences in target-specificity. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:20. [PMID: 32337072 PMCID: PMC7162917 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells upregulate anabolic processes to maintain high rates of cellular turnover. Limiting the supply of macromolecular precursors by targeting enzymes involved in biosynthesis is a promising strategy in cancer therapy. Several tumors excessively metabolize glutamine to generate precursors for nonessential amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids, in a process called glutaminolysis. Here we show that pharmacological inhibition of glutaminase (GLS) eradicates glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), a small cell subpopulation in glioblastoma (GBM) responsible for therapy resistance and tumor recurrence. Treatment with small molecule inhibitors compound 968 and CB839 effectively diminished cell growth and in vitro clonogenicity of GSC neurosphere cultures. However, our pharmaco-metabolic studies revealed that only CB839 inhibited GLS enzymatic activity thereby limiting the influx of glutamine derivates into the TCA cycle. Nevertheless, the effects of both inhibitors were highly GLS specific, since treatment sensitivity markedly correlated with GLS protein expression. Strikingly, we found GLS overexpressed in in vitro GSC models as compared with neural stem cells (NSC). Moreover, our study demonstrates the usefulness of in vitro pharmaco-metabolomics to score target specificity of compounds thereby refining drug development and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Koch
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hartmann
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6) Structural Biochemistry and JuStruct: Juelich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Julia Tsiampali
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Constanze Uhlmann
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Nickel
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Xiaoling He
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and WT/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0PY Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcel A. Kamp
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Sabel
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Roger A. Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and WT/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0PY Cambridge, UK
| | - Hans-Jakob Steiger
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6) Structural Biochemistry and JuStruct: Juelich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jaroslaw Maciaczyk
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulf D. Kahlert
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen/Duesseldorf, Germany
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