1
|
Richardson E, Krishnan N, Stafford F, Yeates L, Nowak N, McGaughran J, Wildschutt J, Smith J, Turner C, Kevin L, Davis A, Macciocca I, Connell V, Ma A, Semsarian C, Bagnall R, Siggs O, Skinner J, MacArthur D, Ingles J. The Elusive Hearts Study: Seeking Genetic Diagnoses in Gene-elusive Cases of Rare Monogenic Cardiovascular Diseases. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
2
|
Fitzgerald N, Skinner J, Asakai H, Turner C. Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) – The paediatric experience in New South Wales (NSW). Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
3
|
Nahdi S, Skinner J, Neubeck L, Freedman B, Gwynn J, Lochen M, Poppe K, Rambaldini B, Rolleston A, Stavrakis S, Gwynne K. One size does not fit all – a realist review of screening for asymptomatic atrial fibrillation in Indigenous communities in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and United States. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and it is increasing in prevalence and incidence globally. True prevalence is underestimated because silent/asymptomatic AF is frequent and under-detected, but can cause stroke. Guidelines recommend opportunistic screening for AF in patients aged ≥65 years old. A growing body of evidence from hospital and community-based studies in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and United States indicates this age limit is lower for Indigenous people. Screening for AF meets the World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria for successful routine screening, yet little is known about successful implementation of AF screening in Indigenous communities in developed countries.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to use a realist approach to identify what works, how, for whom and under what circumstances for AF screening of Indigenous communities in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and United States.
Methods
In the realist review, eight databases were searched for studies targeted at AF screening in Indigenous communities. Realist analysis was used to identify context-mechanism-outcome configurations across 11 included records (reporting on 5 studies). Snowball referencing and grey literature were used to iteratively incorporate evidence to enhance the refined programme theory that was the product of the realist analysis.
Results
The realist review included studies using multiple screening strategies such as using tools to increase screening, using different screening environments and training screeners to provide culturally centred care. The realist analysis identified a number of mechanisms that can improve AF screening in Indigenous communities. The contextual factors enabling AF screening programs in Indigenous communities include wider community engagement, opportunistic non-clinical settings, using portable and easy to use devices, increasing knowledge, motivation and confidence in screening amongst Indigenous healthcare workers as well as improving follow-up protocols for abnormal results tailored to screen setting. Barriers to effective AF screening include time-poor working environments, conflicting cultural issues, navigating communication of abnormal results and logistical issues with device use (Figure 1).
Conclusion(s)
Since the life-course risk for AF in Indigenous population is different, a modified screening strategy needs to be put in place. This realist review provides lessons learned for successful implementation of AF screening programs for Indigenous communities. In order to tackle the gap in cardiovascular burden in Indigenous people, this study calls for action to develop AF screening guidelines for Indigenous populations and provides a guide for policy makers about timely and effective AF screening programs for Indigenous communities.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Nahdi
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Skinner
- University of Sydney, Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - L Neubeck
- Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - B Freedman
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Gwynn
- University of Sydney, Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - M.L Lochen
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Community Medicine, Tromso, Norway
| | - K Poppe
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - B Rambaldini
- University of Sydney, Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Rolleston
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Stavrakis
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Cardiovascular research, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - K Gwynne
- University of Sydney, Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bracamonte-Baran W, Gilotra N, Won T, Rodriguez K, Talor M, Oh B, Grifin J, Skinner J, Johns R, Russell S, Anders R, Zhu Q, Halushka M, Brandacher G, Cihakova D. Endothelial Stromal PD-L1 Modulates CD8+ T Cell Infiltration after Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
5
|
Holden A, Nanayakkara S, Skinner J, Spallek H, Sohn W. What do Australian health consumers believe about commercial advertisements and testimonials? a survey on health service advertising. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:74. [PMID: 33413201 PMCID: PMC7791787 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been little examination of consumer attitudes towards the commercial advertising of healthcare services in Australia and how marketing is used by consumers in their health decision-making. In this research, we examined how consumers reported commercial advertising helped them to understand the health services available to them and the influence that marketing had upon their choices. Methods A survey instrument using a Likert scale to indicate agreement or disagreement with 21 questions was developed using qualitative interviews before being distributed online within Australia. Sampling of participants was stratified by age, gender and location. The results were subjected to statistical analysis with Spearman Rank Correlation test being used for bivariate analysis. Results One thousand five hundred sixty-four complete surveys were collected. The results revealed certain consumer beliefs, for example; the title of ‘Dr’ was believed to indicate skill and high levels of training (81.0%), with 80.3% agreeing incorrectly that use of the title was strictly regulated. Participants reported to have a higher confidence in their own abilities (71.2%) than the public (52.8%) in assessing health advertising. The level of self-confidence increased with higher education level and decreased by age (p < 0.05). Testimonials were reported to be lacking in reliability (67.7%) and that they should not be used in healthcare in the same manner as they are used in other industries. Only 44.8% of participants reported that they felt confident to spot a review that was not written by a genuine user of a service. Conclusions The data demonstrated that many health consumers felt that while commercial health advertising was helpful, it was also confusing, with many participants also holding mistaken beliefs around other elements of commercial health advertising. While the advertising of healthcare services might have educational effects and be superficially empowering, advertising is primarily intended to sell, not educate. This research demonstrates that there is significant potential for healthcare advertising to mislead. Future developments in regulatory health advertising policy, and the related ethical frameworks developed by professional healthcare associations, need to consider how the consumers of healthcare services might be better protected from misleading and predatory advertising practices. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-10078-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Acl Holden
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, 2-18 Chalmers Street, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - S Nanayakkara
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, 2-18 Chalmers Street, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - J Skinner
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, 2-18 Chalmers Street, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - H Spallek
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, 2-18 Chalmers Street, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - W Sohn
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, 2-18 Chalmers Street, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Earle N, Winbo A, Crawford J, Wheeler M, Stiles R, Donoghue T, Stiles M, Hayes I, Marcondes L, Martin A, Skinner J. Significance of the Carriage of Sarcomeric Mutations in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in New Zealand. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
7
|
Welch AA, Jennings A, Kelaiditi E, Skinner J, Steves CJ. Cross-Sectional Associations Between Dietary Antioxidant Vitamins C, E and Carotenoid Intakes and Sarcopenic Indices in Women Aged 18-79 Years. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:331-342. [PMID: 31813016 PMCID: PMC7072069 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of sarcopenia is increasing in aging populations, so prevention is critical. Vitamins (A, C, E and carotenoids) modify skeletal muscle via protein and collagen synthesis and anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies have not investigated intake of these vitamins in relation to sarcopenic indices in both younger and older-aged women. Indices of skeletal muscle mass (as fat-free mass (FFM) relative to body size) were measured using DXA and leg explosive power (LEP) using the Nottingham Power Rig in 2570 women aged 18-79 years. Adjusted measures of skeletal muscle were calculated according to quintiles of vitamin C, E, retinol and carotenoid intake, derived from Food Frequency Questionnaires, after stratification by age. Higher vitamin C intake was associated with significantly higher indices of FFM and LEP, (Q5-Q1 = 2.0-12.8%, P < 0.01-0.02). Intakes of total and individual carotenoids were significantly associated with indices of FFM and LEP (Q5-Q1 = 1.0-7.5%). Vitamin E was significantly associated with FFM% and FFMBMI only. In mutually adjusted analysis with vitamin C, total carotene, vitamin E and protein in the model, the strongest associations were with vitamin C. These associations were stronger in younger women (< 65 years). For the first time, our research shows higher dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins, particularly vitamin C, is associated with higher skeletal muscle mass and power in free-living women. These findings have relevance for the treatment and prevention of frailty and sarcopenia throughout adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Welch
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - A Jennings
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - E Kelaiditi
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Waldegrave Road, Twickenham, London, TW1 4SX, UK
| | - J Skinner
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - C J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Isbister J, Yeates L, Hunyor I, McGaughran J, Semsarian C, Skinner J, van Spaendonck-Zwarts K, Raju H, Ingles J. 588 Seek and You Shall Find: A Case Highlighting the Importance of Multisystem Assessment in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Youssef D, Singh A, Ayer J, Skinner J, Turner C, Christoff A. 648 A Single Centre Experience of the Incidence and Rhythm Characteristics of Paediatric Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors Over a 11-Year Period. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Singh A, Turner C, Skinner J, Ayer J. 206 Contemporary Outcomes in Neonates Presenting With Congenital Complete Heart Block Presenting as Neonates- a 22 Year Series. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
11
|
Arnone R, Romano G, Skinner J, Watt S, Poenicke C, Hoestergard D, Chiaramonte G. Improving the operational skills of the health personnel working in the emergency departments. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In December 2013 the European Commission approved the project promoted by CEFPAS, The Centre for Training and Research in Public Health within the programme PROGRESS, “Improving the operational skills of health personnel working in the emergency departments. A useful tool to give concrete answers to EU policies on patients’ safety and to create new working opportunities”.
This project aimed to combine the need to find innovative solutions in the field of healthcare with the objective of increasing the safety of patients in emergency departments, while also covering the need to promote worker mobility within the European Union. The key tool for implementing this goal is the exchange of experience and best practices.
The project partners included: the Edinburgh University of Medicine, the Napier University (again in Edinburgh), the Dresden University of Technology, the Herlev Hospital (in Copenhagen) through the DIMS or the Danish Institute for Medical Simulation at the University of Copenhagen, as well as ISMETT and CREAM (the Research Centre of the University of Medicine) in Palermo.
Every partner, during the planning, has provided the know how developed in the area of emergency. Specifically it has been analyzed the possibility to compare and visit the simulation Centres of Edinburgh, Dresden and Palermo, and to study the use, in each country, of innovative methodology during the training of the health personnel.
The partner, during the planning of the project, studied also how to help people to find easier jobs opportunities in the health sector (so they thought to create a specific data base of the emergency departments operating in Italy, Scotland and Germany where to find a job or a chance for an internship).
The project has lasted for one year and has provided research activities and the exchange of experience and best practices.
Key messages
There is a huge difference regarding the way in which the emergency system is organized within single countries around Europe. Comparing high-level organisations we have benefited in terms of ideas, projects and potential objectives to be set in order to improve our work and to improve results for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Skinner
- Edinburgh University of Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Watt
- Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Poenicke
- Dresden University of technology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Botha S, Martin-Garcia J, Hu H, Weierstall U, Fuchs M, Shi W, Andi B, Skinner J, Bernstein H, Fromme P, Zatsepin N. Single-wavelength anomalous dispersion phasing for serial millisecond snapshot crystallography. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767319098970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
13
|
Zatsepin N, Botha S, Martin-Garcia J, Hu H, Weierstall U, Shi W, Andi B, Skinner J, Bernstein H, Fromme P, Fuchs M. Optimizing data quality in injector-based serial millisecond crystallography. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767319096259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
14
|
Key S, Scott G, Stammers JG, Freeman MAR, Pinskerova V, Field RE, Skinner J, Banks SA. Does lateral lift-off occur in static and dynamic activity in a medially spherical total knee arthroplasty? A pulsed-fluoroscopic investigation. Bone Joint Res 2019; 8:207-215. [PMID: 31214333 PMCID: PMC6548977 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.85.bjr-2018-0237.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The medially spherical GMK Sphere (Medacta International AG, Castel San Pietro, Switzerland) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was previously shown to accommodate lateral rollback while pivoting around a stable medial compartment, aiming to replicate native knee kinematics in which some coronal laxity, especially laterally, is also present. We assess coronal plane kinematics of the GMK Sphere and explore the occurrence and pattern of articular separation during static and dynamic activities. Methods Using pulsed fluoroscopy and image matching, the coronal kinematics and articular surface separation of 16 well-functioning TKAs were studied during weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing, static, and dynamic activities. The closest distances between the modelled articular surfaces were examined with respect to knee position, and proportions of joint poses exhibiting separation were computed. Results Overall, 1717 joint poses were analyzed. At a 1.0 mm detection threshold, 37 instances of surface separation were observed in the lateral compartment and four medially (p < 0.001). Separation was activity-dependent, both laterally and medially (p < 0.001), occurring more commonly during static deep flexion in the lateral compartment, and during static rotation in the medial compartment. Lateral separation occurred more frequently than medial during kneeling (7/14 lateral vs 1/14 medial; p = 0.031) and stepping (20/1022 lateral vs 0/1022 medial; p < 0.001). Separation varied significantly between individuals during dynamic activities. Conclusion No consistent association between closest distances of the articular surfaces and knee position was found during any activity. Lift-off was infrequent and depended on the activity performed and the individual knee. Lateral separation was consistent with the design rationale. Medial lift-off was rare and mostly in non-weight-bearing activities. Cite this article: S. Key, G. Scott, J.G. Stammers, M. A. R. Freeman†, V. Pinskerova, R. E. Field, J. Skinner, S. A. Banks. Does lateral lift-off occur in static and dynamic activity in a medially spherical total knee arthroplasty? A pulsed-fluoroscopic investigation. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:207–215. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.85.BJR-2018-0237.R1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Key
- Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - G Scott
- Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - M A R Freeman
- †M.A.R Freeman has deceased since the submission of this manuscript
| | - V Pinskerova
- First Orthopaedic Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R E Field
- St George's, University of London, London, UK; Director of Research, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom, UK
| | - J Skinner
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - S A Banks
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Koochekpour S, Maresh GA, Katner A, Parker-Johnson K, Lee TJ, Hebert FE, Kao YS, Skinner J, Rayford W. Correction: Establishment and characterization of a primary androgen‐responsive African‐American prostate cancer cell line, E006AA. Prostate 2004;60(2):145‐152. Prostate 2019; 79:815. [PMID: 31416301 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
Objectives The Attune total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been used in over 600 000 patients worldwide. Registry data show good clinical outcome; however, concerns over the cement-tibial interface have been reported. We used retrieval analysis to give further insight into this controversial topic. Methods We examined 12 titanium (Ti) PFC Sigma implants, eight cobalt-chromium (CoCr) PFC Sigma implants, eight cobalt-chromium PFC Sigma rotating platform (RP) implants, and 11 Attune implants. We used a peer-reviewed digital imaging method to quantify the amount of cement attached to the backside of each tibial tray. We then measured: 1) the size of tibial tray thickness, tray projections, peripheral lips, and undercuts; and 2) surface roughness (Ra) on the backside and keel of the trays. Statistical analyses were performed to investigate differences between the two designs. Results There was no evidence of cement attachment on any of the 11 Attune trays examined. There were significant differences between Ti and CoCr PFC Sigma implants and Attune designs (p < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between CoCr PFC Sigma RP and Attune designs (p > 0.05). There were significant differences in the design features between the investigated designs (p < 0.05). Conclusion The majority of the earliest PFC Sigma designs showed evidence of cement, while all of the retrieved Attune trays and the majority of the RP PFC trays in this study had no cement attached. This may be attributable to the design differences of these implants, in particular in relation to the cement pockets. Our results may help explain a controversial aspect related to cement attachment in a recently introduced TKA design.Cite this article: A. Cerquiglini, J. Henckel, H. Hothi, P. Allen, J. Lewis, A. Eskelinen, J. Skinner, M. T. Hirschmann, A. J. Hart. Analysis of the Attune tibial tray backside: A comparative retrieval study. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:136-145. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.83.BJJ-2018-0102.R2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Cerquiglini
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - J Henckel
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - H Hothi
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - P Allen
- Princess Alexandra NHS Trust, Harlow, UK
| | - J Lewis
- BMI Goring Hall Hospital, Goring-by-Sea, West Sussex, UK
| | - A Eskelinen
- The Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Skinner
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - M T Hirschmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland (Bruderholz, Liestal, Laufen), Bruderholz, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A J Hart
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Skinner J, Buonocore A, Hafed ZM. Transfer function of the rhesus macaque oculomotor system for small-amplitude slow motion trajectories. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:513-529. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00437.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Two main types of small eye movements occur during gaze fixation: microsaccades and slow ocular drifts. While microsaccade generation has been relatively well studied, ocular drift control mechanisms are unknown. Here we explored the degree to which monkey smooth eye movements, on the velocity scale of slow ocular drifts, can be generated systematically. Two male rhesus macaque monkeys tracked a spot moving sinusoidally, but slowly, along the horizontal or vertical direction. Maximum target displacement in the motion trajectory was 30 min arc (0.5°), and we varied the temporal frequency of target motion from 0.2 to 5 Hz. We obtained an oculomotor “transfer function” by measuring smooth eye velocity gain (relative to target velocity) as a function of frequency, similar to past work with large-amplitude pursuit. Monkey eye velocities as slow as those observed during slow ocular drifts were clearly target motion driven. Moreover, as with large-amplitude smooth pursuit, eye velocity gain varied with temporal frequency. However, unlike with large-amplitude pursuit, exhibiting low-pass behavior, small-amplitude motion tracking was band pass, with the best ocular movement gain occurring at ~0.8–1 Hz. When oblique directions were tested, we found that the horizontal component of pursuit gain was larger than the vertical component. Our results provide a catalog of the control abilities of the monkey oculomotor system for slow target motions, and they also support the notion that smooth fixational ocular drifts are controllable. This has implications for neural investigations of drift control and the image-motion consequences of drifts on visual coding in early visual areas. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied the efficacy of monkey smooth pursuit eye movements for very slow target velocities. Pursuit was impaired for sinusoidal motions of frequency less than ~0.8–1 Hz. Nonetheless, eye trajectory was still sinusoidally modulated, even at velocities lower than those observed during gaze fixation with slow ocular drifts. Our results characterize the slow control capabilities of the monkey oculomotor system and provide a basis for future understanding of the neural mechanisms for slow ocular drifts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Skinner
- Graduate School of Neural and Behavioural Sciences, International Max Planck Research School, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antimo Buonocore
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ziad M. Hafed
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Objectives Previous studies have suggested that metal-on-metal (MoM) Pinnacle (DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, Indiana) hip arthroplasties implanted after 2006 exhibit higher failure rates. This was attributed to the production of implants with reduced diametrical clearances between their bearing surfaces, which, it was speculated, were outside manufacturing tolerances. This study aimed to better understand the performance of Pinnacle Systems manufactured before and after this event. Methods A total of 92 retrieved MoM Pinnacle hips were analyzed, of which 45 were implanted before 2007, and 47 from 2007 onwards. The ‘pre-2007’ group contained 45 implants retrieved from 21 male and 24 female patients, with a median age of 61.3 years (interquartile range (IQR) 57.1 to 65.5); the ‘2007 onwards’ group contained 47 implants retrieved from 19 male and 28 female patients, with a median age of 61.8 years (IQR 58.5 to 67.8). The volume of material lost from their bearing and taper surfaces was measured using coordinate and roundness measuring machines. These outcomes were then compared statistically using linear regression models, adjusting for potentially confounding factors. Results There was no significant difference between the taper and bearing wear rates of the ‘pre-2007’ and ‘2007 onwards’ groups (p = 0.67 and p = 0.39, respectively). Pinnacles implanted from 2007 onwards were revised after a mean time of 50 months, which was significantly earlier than the ‘pre-2007’ hips (96 months) (p < 0.001). A reduction in the time to revision was present year on year from 2003 to 2011. Conclusion We found no difference in the wear rate of these implants based on the year of implantation. The ‘pre-2007’ hips had a two-fold greater time to revision than those implanted after 2007; this may be due to the increased surveillance of MoM hips following UK regulatory advice and several high-profile failures. Interestingly, we observed a decreasing trend in the mean time to revision every year from 2003 onwards. Cite this article: S. Bergiers, H. S. Hothi, J. Henckel, A. Eskelinen, J. Skinner, A. Hart. Wear performance of retrieved metal-on-metal Pinnacle hip arthroplasties implanted before and after 2007. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:595–600. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.711.BJR-2018-0143.R1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bergiers
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
| | - H S Hothi
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
| | - J Henckel
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
| | - A Eskelinen
- Orthopaedic Surgeon, The Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - A Hart
- Limb Reconstruction Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK; The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
George A, Villarosa AR, Patterson Norrie T, Hoolsema J, Dahlen HG, Ajwani S, Bhole S, Blinkhorn A, Srinivas R, Yaacoub A, Milat A, Skinner J, Johnson M. Process evaluation of the midwifery initiated oral health-dental service program: perceptions of pregnant women. Aust Dent J 2018; 64:55-65. [PMID: 30375645 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women in Australia seldom seek dental care and are unaware of its importance. To address these gaps the midwifery-initiated oral health dental service (MIOH-DS) program was comprehensive trialled and found effective. The aim of this study was to undertake a process evaluation of the MIOH-DS using the perspectives of pregnant women who participated in the trial. METHODS A qualitative research design was utilized, whereby content analysis was undertaken on data from 11 semi-structured interviews with women who participated in the program. RESULTS All participants were receptive of the MIOH-DS intervention, and found it to be an acceptable intervention that met their needs, and encouraged future positive oral health practices and health-seeking behaviours. They expressed that midwives were an appropriate professional to conduct oral health assessments, education and referrals to affordable dental services. Although some participants were initially apprehensive towards receiving treatment during pregnancy, dental staff members were able to appropriately educate and reassure them during treatment. CONCLUSIONS The MIOH-DS represents a promising and acceptable intervention strategy for pregnant women to promote their oral health. Findings merit further investigation on whether positive outcomes achieved can be sustained when implemented in other national or international settings similar to the study setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A George
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes & Research Translation (COHORT), Western Sydney University, South Western Sydney Local Health District, University of Sydney, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Translational Health Research Institute, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A R Villarosa
- COHORT, Western Sydney University, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T Patterson Norrie
- COHORT, Western Sydney University, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Hoolsema
- COHORT, Western Sydney University, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H G Dahlen
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Ajwani
- Sydney Local Health District Oral Health Services, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Bhole
- Sydney Local Health District Oral Health Services, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Blinkhorn
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Srinivas
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes & Research Translation (COHORT), Western Sydney University, South Western Sydney Local Health District, University of Sydney, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Translational Health Research Institute, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Yaacoub
- Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District Oral Health Services, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Milat
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Skinner
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Johnson
- Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Panagiotopoulou VC, Davda K, Hothi HS, Henckel J, Cerquiglini A, Goodier WD, Skinner J, Hart A, Calder PR. A retrieval analysis of the Precice intramedullary limb lengthening system. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:476-484. [PMID: 30123497 PMCID: PMC6076355 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.77.bjr-2017-0359.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Precice nail is the latest intramedullary lengthening nail with excellent early outcomes. Implant complications have led to modification of the nail design. The aim of this study was to perform a retrieval study of Precice nails following lower-limb lengthening and to assess macroscopical and microscopical changes to the implants and evaluate differences following design modification, with the aim of identifying potential surgical, implant, and patient risk factors. METHODS A total of 15 nails were retrieved from 13 patients following lower-limb lengthening. Macroscopical and microscopical surface damage to the nails were identified. Further analysis included radiology and micro-CT prior to sectioning. The internal mechanism was then analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy to identify corrosion. RESULTS Seven male and three female patients underwent 12 femoral lengthenings. Three female patients underwent tibial lengthening. All patients obtained the desired length with no implant failure. Surface degradation was noted on the telescopic part of every nail design, less on the latest implants. Microscopical analysis confirmed fretting and pitting corrosion. Following sectioning, black debris was noted in all implants. The early designs were found to have fractured actuator pins and the pin and bearings showed evidence of corrosive debris. The latest designs showed evidence of biological deposits suggestive of fluid ingress within the nail but no corrosion. CONCLUSION This study confirms less internal corrosion following modification, but evidence of titanium debris remains. We recommend no change to current clinical practice. However, potential reuse of the Precice nail, for secondary limb lengthening in the same patient, should be undertaken with caution.Cite this article: V. C. Panagiotopoulou, K. Davda, H. S. Hothi, J. Henckel, A. Cerquiglini, W. D. Goodier, J. Skinner, A. Hart, P. R. Calder. A retrieval analysis of the Precice intramedullary limb lengthening system. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:476-484. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.77.BJR-2017-0359.R1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. C. Panagiotopoulou
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK and The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - K. Davda
- Limb Reconstruction Unit, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - H. S. Hothi
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. Henckel
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK and The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital and Stanmore, UK
| | - A. Cerquiglini
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - W. D. Goodier
- Limb Reconstruction Unit, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - J. Skinner
- Limb Reconstruction Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK and The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - A. Hart
- Limb Reconstruction Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK and The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - P. R. Calder
- Limb Reconstruction Unit, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jain RA, Wolman MA, Marsden KC, Nelson JC, Shoenhard H, Echeverry FA, Szi C, Bell H, Skinner J, Cobbs EN, Sawada K, Zamora AD, Pereda AE, Granato M. A Forward Genetic Screen in Zebrafish Identifies the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor CaSR as a Modulator of Sensorimotor Decision Making. Curr Biol 2018; 28:1357-1369.e5. [PMID: 29681477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Animals continuously integrate sensory information and select contextually appropriate responses. Here, we show that zebrafish larvae select a behavioral response to acoustic stimuli from a pre-existing choice repertoire in a context-dependent manner. We demonstrate that this sensorimotor choice is modulated by stimulus quality and history, as well as by neuromodulatory systems-all hallmarks of more complex decision making. Moreover, from a genetic screen coupled with whole-genome sequencing, we identified eight mutants with deficits in this sensorimotor choice, including mutants of the vertebrate-specific G-protein-coupled extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), whose function in the nervous system is not well understood. We demonstrate that CaSR promotes sensorimotor decision making acutely through Gαi/o and Gαq/11 signaling, modulated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Combined, our results identify the first set of genes critical for behavioral choice modulation in a vertebrate and reveal an unexpected critical role for CaSR in sensorimotor decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan A Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA.
| | - Marc A Wolman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kurt C Marsden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica C Nelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hannah Shoenhard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fabio A Echeverry
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Christina Szi
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Hannah Bell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julianne Skinner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emilia N Cobbs
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Keisuke Sawada
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Amy D Zamora
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Alberto E Pereda
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Burrows T, Kay-Lambkin F, Pursey K, Skinner J, Dayas C. Food addiction and associations with mental health symptoms: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2018; 31:544-572. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Burrows
- School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Priority Research Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - F. Kay-Lambkin
- Faculty Health and Medicine; NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - K. Pursey
- School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Priority Research Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - J. Skinner
- School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Priority Research Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - C. Dayas
- School of Biomedicine and Pharmacy; Faculty of Health and Medicine; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Burrows T, Skinner J, Joyner MA, Palmieri J, Vaughan K, Gearhardt AN. Food addiction in children: Associations with obesity, parental food addiction and feeding practices. Eat Behav 2017; 26:114-120. [PMID: 28236739 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Food addiction research in children is limited, and to date addictive-like eating behaviors within families have not been investigated. The aim of this study is to understand factors associated with addictive-like eating in children. The association between food addiction in children with obesity, parental food addiction, and parental feeding practices (i.e., restriction, pressure to eat, monitoring) was investigated. Parents/primary caregivers (aged≥18years) of children aged 5-12years, recruited and completed an online cross-sectional survey including demographics, the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), and the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Parents, reporting on themselves and one of their children, were given a food addiction diagnosis and symptom score according to the YFAS predefined criteria. The total sample consisted of 150 parents/primary caregivers (48% male) and 150 children (51% male). Food addiction was found to be 12.0% in parents and 22.7% in children. In children, food addiction was significantly associated with higher child BMI z-scores. Children with higher food addiction symptoms had parents with higher food addiction scores. Parents of FA children reported significantly higher levels of Restriction and Pressure to eat feeding practices, but not Monitoring. Children with elevated YFAS-C scores may be at greater risk for eating-related issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Burrows
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - J Skinner
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M A Joyner
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J Palmieri
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - K Vaughan
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - A N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bremer J, Skinner J, Granato M. A small molecule screen identifies in vivo modulators of peripheral nerve regeneration in zebrafish. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178854. [PMID: 28575069 PMCID: PMC5456414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult vertebrates have retained the ability to regenerate peripheral nerves after injury, although regeneration is frequently incomplete, often leading to functional impairments. Small molecule screens using whole organisms have high potential to identify biologically relevant targets, yet currently available assays for in vivo peripheral nerve regeneration are either very laborious and/or require complex technology. Here we take advantage of the optical transparency of larval zebrafish to develop a simple and fast pectoral fin removal assay that measures peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. Twenty-four hours after fin amputation we observe robust and stereotyped nerve regrowth at the fin base. Similar to laser mediated nerve transection, nerve regrowth after fin amputation requires Schwann cells and FGF signaling, confirming that the fin amputation assay identifies pathways relevant for peripheral nerve regeneration. From a library of small molecules with known targets, we identified 21 compounds that impair peripheral nerve regeneration. Several of these compounds target known regulators of nerve regeneration, further validating the fin removal assay. Twelve of the identified compounds affect targets not previously known to control peripheral nerve regeneration. Using a laser-mediated nerve transection assay we tested ten of those compounds and confirmed six of these compounds to impair peripheral nerve regeneration: an EGFR inhibitor, a glucocorticoid, prostaglandin D2, a retinoic acid agonist, an inhibitor of calcium channels and a topoisomerase I inhibitor. Thus, we established a technically simple assay to rapidly identify valuable entry points into pathways critical for vertebrate peripheral nerve regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Bremer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julianne Skinner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Burrows T, Skinner J, Joyner M, Palmieri J, Vaughan K, Gearhardt A. Food addiction in children: Associations with obesity, parental food addiction and feeding practices. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2017.04.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
26
|
Hothi H, Henckel J, Shearing P, Holme T, Cerquiglini A, Laura AD, Atrey A, Skinner J, Hart A. Assessment of the equivalence of a generic to a branded femoral stem. Bone Joint J 2017; 99-B:310-316. [PMID: 28249969 PMCID: PMC5358204 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.99b3.bjj-2016-1208.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to compare the design of the generic
OptiStem XTR femoral stem with the established Exeter femoral stem. Materials and Methods We obtained five boxed, as manufactured, implants of both designs
at random (ten in total). Two examiners were blinded to the implant
design and independently measured the mass, volume, trunnion surface
topography, trunnion roughness, trunnion cone angle, Caput-Collum-Diaphyseal
(CCD) angle, femoral offset, stem length, neck length, and the width
and roughness of the polished stem shaft using peer-reviewed methods.
We then compared the stems using these parameters. Results We found that the OptiStems were lighter (p < 0.001), had
a rougher trunnion surface (p < 0.001) with a greater spacing
and depth of the machined threads (p < 0.001), had greater trunnion
cone angles (p = 0.007), and a smaller radius at the top of the
trunnion (p = 0.007). There was no difference in stem volume (p
= 0.643), CCD angle (p = 0.788), offset (p = 0.993), neck length
(p = 0.344), stem length (p = 0.808), shaft width (p = 0.058 to
0.720) or roughness of the polished surface (p = 0.536). Conclusion This preliminary investigation found that whilst there were similarities
between the two designs, the generic OptiStem is different to the
branded Exeter design. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:310–16.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hothi
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - J Henckel
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - P Shearing
- University College London, Torrington Place, London, UK
| | - T Holme
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - A Cerquiglini
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - A Di Laura
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - A Atrey
- University of Toronto and St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Skinner
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - A Hart
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Crawford S, Skinner J, Coombes E, Jones A. Cancer of Unknown Primary: a Cancer Registry Study of Factors Affecting Access to Diagnosis. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:e39-e46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
28
|
Hothi HS, Kendoff D, Lausmann C, Henckel J, Gehrke T, Skinner J, Hart A. Clinically insignificant trunnionosis in large-diameter metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty. Bone Joint Res 2017; 6:52-56. [PMID: 28108481 PMCID: PMC5301900 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.61.bjr-2016-0150.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mechanical wear and corrosion at the head-stem junction of total hip arthroplasties (THAs) (trunnionosis) have been implicated in their early revision, most commonly in metal-on-metal (MOM) hips. We can isolate the role of the head-stem junction as the predominant source of metal release by investigating non-MOM hips; this can help to identify clinically significant volumes of material loss and corrosion from these surfaces. Methods In this study we examined a series of 94 retrieved metal-on-polyethylene (MOP) hips for evidence of corrosion and material loss at the taper junction using a well published visual grading method and an established roundness-measuring machine protocol. Hips were retrieved from 74 male and 20 female patients with a median age of 57 years (30 to 76) and a median time to revision of 215 months (2 to 324). The reasons for revision were loosening of both the acetabular component and the stem (n = 29), loosening of the acetabular component (n = 58) and infection (n = 7). No adverse tissue reactions were reported by the revision surgeons. Results Evidence of corrosion was observed in 55% of hips. The median Goldberg taper corrosion score was 2 (1 to 4) and the annual rate of material loss at the taper was 0.084 mm3/year (0 to 0.239). The median trunnion corrosion score was 1 (1 to 3). Conclusions We have reported a level of trunnionosis for MOP hips with large-diameter heads that were revised for reasons other than trunnionosis, and therefore may be clinically insignificant. Cite this article: H. S. Hothi, D. Kendoff, C. Lausmann, J. Henckel, T. Gehrke, J. Skinner, A. Hart. Clinically insignificant trunnionosis in large-diameter metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:52–56. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.61.BJR-2016-0150.R2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Hothi
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - D Kendoff
- Orthopaedic Department, HELIOS, Endo-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Lausmann
- Orthopaedic Department, HELIOS, Endo-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Henckel
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - T Gehrke
- Orthopaedic Department, HELIOS, Endo-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Skinner
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - A Hart
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Skinner J, Byun R, Blinkhorn A. Utilization of public oral health services by New South Wales teenagers, 2004-05 to 2014-15. Aust Dent J 2016; 61:514-520. [PMID: 27377809 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Skinner
- Population Oral Health Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Sydney; New South Wales Australia
- Centre for Oral Health Strategy NSW; New South Wales Australia
| | - R Byun
- Centre for Oral Health Strategy NSW; New South Wales Australia
| | - A Blinkhorn
- Population Oral Health Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Sydney; New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kelaiditi E, Jennings A, Steves CJ, Skinner J, Cassidy A, MacGregor AJ, Welch AA. Measurements of skeletal muscle mass and power are positively related to a Mediterranean dietary pattern in women. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:3251-3260. [PMID: 27417218 PMCID: PMC5409925 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The age-related loss of skeletal muscle and function are risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures. We found that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet score was significantly associated with greater fat-free mass and leg explosive power suggesting a role for the Mediterranean Diet in prevention of loss of muscle outcomes. INTRODUCTION The loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function with age are contributing risk factors for the onset of sarcopenia, frailty, osteoporosis, fractures, and mortality. Nutrition may affect the progression and trajectory of these changes in skeletal muscle but the role of the micronutrient-rich Mediterranean diet (MD) has hardly been investigated in relation to these muscle outcomes. METHODS We examined associations between the MD score (MDS) and FFM% (fat-free mass / weight × 100), FFMI (fat-free mass/height2), hand grip strength, and leg explosive power (LEP, watts/kg) in a cross-sectional study in 2570 women aged 18-79 years from the TwinsUK study. Measurements of body composition were made using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and dietary intake assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. FFM%, FFMI, grip strength, and LEP were compared across quartiles of the MDS after adjustment for covariates, with CRP measured in a subgroup (n = 1658). RESULTS Higher adherence to the MDS was positively associated with measurements of muscle outcomes, with significant differences of 1.7 % for FFM% and 9.6 % for LEP (P trend <0.001), comparing extreme quartiles of intake, but not with grip strength or CRP concentrations. CONCLUSIONS For the first time in a northern European population, we have observed significant positive associations between the MDS and FFM% and LEP in healthy women that are potentially clinically relevant, independent of the factors known to influence muscle outcomes. Our findings emphasize the potential role for overall diet quality based on the MD in the prevention of age-related loss of skeletal muscle outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kelaiditi
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A Jennings
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - C J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J Skinner
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A J MacGregor
- Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A A Welch
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Agnew J, Nicholson R, Wilson N, Skinner J. Advanced AV Conduction Abnormality in Acute Rheumatic Fever. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
33
|
Baker A, Morse J, Skinner J, O'Neill A, Ker J. Creating excellence in clinical skills practice for remote and rural communities using on line learning as part of a Managed Educational Network. Rural Remote Health 2016. [DOI: 10.22605/rrh4114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
34
|
Ker J, Hardie L, Somerville S, Morse J, Skinner J, O'Neill A. Educating health care practitioners: an in depth evaluation of the Mobile Skills Unit (MSU) training programme in three exemplar venues. Rural Remote Health 2016. [DOI: 10.22605/rrh4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
35
|
Berber R, Skinner J, Board T, Kendoff D, Eskelinen A, Kwon YM, Padgett DE, Hart A. International metal-on-metal multidisciplinary teams: do we manage patients with metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty in the same way? An analysis from the International Specialist Centre Collaboration on MOM Hips (ISCCoMH). Bone Joint J 2016; 98-B:179-86. [PMID: 26850422 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.98b2.36201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There are many guidelines that help direct the management of patients with metal-on-metal (MOM) hip arthroplasties. We have undertaken a study to compare the management of patients with MOM hip arthroplasties in different countries. METHODS Six international tertiary referral orthopaedic centres were invited to participate by organising a multi-disciplinary team (MDT) meeting, consisting of two or more revision hip arthroplasty surgeons and a musculoskeletal radiologist. A full clinical dataset including history, blood tests and imaging for ten patients was sent to each unit, for discussion and treatment planning. Differences in the interpretation of findings, management decisions and rationale for decisions were compared using quantitative and qualitative methods. RESULTS Overall agreement between the orthopaedic centres and the recommended treatment plans for the ten patients with MOM hip implants was moderate (kappa = 0.6). Full agreement was seen in a third of cases, however split decisions were also seen in a third of cases. Units differed in their interpretation of the significance of the investigation findings and put varying emphasis on serial changes, in the presence of symptoms. DISCUSSION In conclusion, the management of raised or rising blood metal ions, cystic pseudotumours and peri-acetabular osteolysis led to inconsistency in the agreement between centres. Coordinated international guidance and MDT panel discussions are recommended to improve consensus in decision making. TAKE HOME MESSAGE A lack of evidence and the subsequent variation in regulator guidance leads to differences in opinions, the clinical impact of which can be reduced through a multi-disciplinary team approach to managing patients with MOM hip implants. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:179-86.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Berber
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - J Skinner
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - T Board
- Wrightington Hospital, Hall Lane, Appley Bridge, Wrightington, Lancashire, WN6 9EP, UK
| | - D Kendoff
- ENDOKLINIK, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125, Berlin
| | - A Eskelinen
- COXA Hospital for Joint Replacement, PL 652, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Y-M Kwon
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - D E Padgett
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - A Hart
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ternouth I, Skinner J. PM192 Short QT Syndrome, Aborted Sudden Death - Case Report and Possible New Genotype. Glob Heart 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
37
|
Scott G, Imam MA, Eifert A, Freeman MAR, Pinskerova V, Field RE, Skinner J, Banks SA. Can a total knee arthroplasty be both rotationally unconstrained and anteroposteriorly stabilised? A pulsed fluoroscopic investigation. Bone Joint Res 2016; 5:80-6. [PMID: 26965166 PMCID: PMC4852793 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.53.2000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Throughout the 20th Century, it has been postulated that the knee moves on the basis of a four-bar link mechanism composed of the cruciate ligaments, the femur and the tibia. As a consequence, the femur has been thought to roll back with flexion, and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prostheses have been designed on this basis. Recent work, however, has proposed that at a position of between 0° and 120° the medial femoral condyle does not move anteroposteriorly whereas the lateral femoral condyle tends, but is not obliged, to roll back - a combination of movements which equates to tibial internal/ femoral external rotation with flexion. The aim of this paper was to assess if the articular geometry of the GMK Sphere TKA could recreate the natural knee movements in situ/in vivo. METHODS The pattern of knee movement was studied in 15 patients (six male: nine female; one male with bilateral TKAs) with 16 GMK Sphere implants, at a mean age of 66 years (53 to 76) with a mean BMI of 30 kg/m(2) (20 to 35). The motions of all 16 knees were observed using pulsed fluoroscopy during a number of weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing static and dynamic activities. RESULTS During maximally flexed kneeling and lunging activities, the mean tibial internal rotation was 8° (standard deviation (sd) 6). At a mean 112° flexion (sd 16) during lunging, the medial and lateral condyles were a mean of 2 mm (sd 3) and 8 mm (sd 4) posterior to a transverse line passing through the centre of the medial tibial concavity. With a mean flexion of 117° (sd 14) during kneeling, the medial and lateral condyles were a mean of 1 mm (sd 4) anterior and 6 mm (sd 4) posterior to the same line. During dynamic stair and pivoting activities, there was a mean anteroposterior translation of 0 mm to 2 mm of the medial femoral condyle. Backward lateral condylar translation occurred and was linearly related to tibial rotation. CONCLUSION The GMK Sphere TKA in our study group shows movements similar in pattern, although reduced in magnitude, to those in recent reports relating to normal knees during several activities. Specifically, little or no translation of the medial femoral condyle was observed during flexion, but there was posterior roll-back of the lateral femoral condyle, equating to tibiofemoral rotation. We conclude that the GMK Sphere is anteroposteriorly stable medially and permits rotation about the medial compartment.Cite this article: Professor G. Scott. Can a total knee arthroplasty be both rotationally unconstrained and anteroposteriorly stabilised?: A pulsed fluoroscopic investigation. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:80-86. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.53.2000621.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Scott
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - M A Imam
- South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom, UK
| | - A Eifert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - R E Field
- St Georges University of London, Director of Research, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom, UK
| | - J Skinner
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - S A Banks
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Arasaradnam RP, McFarlane M, Ling K, Wurie S, O'Connell N, Nwokolo CU, Bardhan KD, Skinner J, Savage RS, Covington JA. Breathomics--exhaled volatile organic compound analysis to detect hepatic encephalopathy: a pilot study. J Breath Res 2016; 10:016012. [PMID: 26866470 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/1/016012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The current diagnostic challenge with diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is identifying those with minimal HE as opposed to the more clinically apparent covert/overt HE. Rifaximin, is an effective therapy but earlier identification and treatment of HE could prevent liver disease progression and hospitalization. Our pilot study aimed to analyse breath samples of patients with different HE grades, and controls, using a portable electronic (e) nose. 42 patients were enrolled; 22 with HE and 20 controls. Bedside breath samples were captured and analysed using an uvFAIMS machine (portable e-nose). West Haven criteria applied and MELD scores calculated. We classify HE patients from controls with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.88 (0.73-0.95) and 0.68 (0.51-0.81) respectively, AUROC 0.84 (0.75-0.93). Minimal HE was distinguishable from covert/overt HE with sensitivity of 0.79 and specificity of 0.5, AUROC 0.71 (0.57-0.84). This pilot study has highlighted the potential of breathomics to identify VOCs signatures in HE patients for diagnostic purposes. Importantly this was performed utilizing a non-invasive, portable bedside device and holds potential for future early HE diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R P Arasaradnam
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK. Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Anderson K, Coats T, Monks P, White I, Pandya H, Beardsmore C, Skinner J. A COMPARISON OF TIDAL AND INCENTIVE BREATH COLLECTION METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BREATH VOLATILES CONCENTRATION. Arch Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2015-205372.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
40
|
Wolman M, Jain R, Marsden K, Bell H, Skinner J, Hayer K, Hogenesch J, Granato M. A Genome-wide Screen Identifies PAPP-AA-Mediated IGFR Signaling as a Novel Regulator of Habituation Learning. Neuron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
41
|
Panagiotidou A, Meswania J, Osman K, Bolland B, Latham J, Skinner J, Haddad FS, Hart A, Blunn G. The effect of frictional torque and bending moment on corrosion at the taper interface : an in vitro study. Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:463-72. [PMID: 25820883 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.97b4.34800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of frictional torque and bending moment on fretting corrosion at the taper interface of a modular femoral component and to investigate whether different combinations of material also had an effect. The combinations we examined were 1) cobalt-chromium (CoCr) heads on CoCr stems 2) CoCr heads on titanium alloy (Ti) stems and 3) ceramic heads on CoCr stems. In test 1 increasing torque was imposed by offsetting the stem in the anteroposterior plane in increments of 0 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm when the torque generated was equivalent to 0 Nm, 9 Nm, 14 Nm and 18 Nm. In test 2 we investigated the effect of increasing the bending moment by offsetting the application of axial load from the midline in the mediolateral plane. Increments of offset equivalent to head + 0 mm, head + 7 mm and head + 14 mm were used. Significantly higher currents and amplitudes were seen with increasing torque for all combinations of material. However, Ti stems showed the highest corrosion currents. Increased bending moments associated with using larger offset heads produced more corrosion: Ti stems generally performed worse than CoCr stems. Using ceramic heads did not prevent corrosion, but reduced it significantly in all loading configurations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Panagiotidou
- University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - J Meswania
- University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - K Osman
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK
| | - B Bolland
- Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, Somerset, TA1 5DA, UK
| | - J Latham
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - J Skinner
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - F S Haddad
- University College London Hospitals, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - A Hart
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - G Blunn
- University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Skinner J, Byun R, Blinkhorn A, Johnson G. Sugary drink consumption and dental caries in New South Wales teenagers. Aust Dent J 2015; 60:169-75. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Skinner
- Population Oral Health Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Sydney; New South Wales
| | - R Byun
- Centre for Research; Evidence Management and Surveillance; Sydney and South Western Sydney Local Health Districts; New South Wales
| | - A Blinkhorn
- Population Oral Health Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Sydney; New South Wales
| | - G Johnson
- Population Oral Health Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Sydney; New South Wales
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Berber R, Pappas Y, Khoo M, Miles J, Carrington R, Skinner J, Hart A. A New Approach to Managing Patients with Problematic Metal Hip Implants: The Use of an Internet-Enhanced Multidisciplinary Team Meeting. AAOS Exhibit Selection. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015; 97:e42. [PMID: 25948527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
44
|
Wolman MA, Jain RA, Marsden KC, Bell H, Skinner J, Hayer KE, Hogenesch JB, Granato M. A genome-wide screen identifies PAPP-AA-mediated IGFR signaling as a novel regulator of habituation learning. Neuron 2015; 85:1200-11. [PMID: 25754827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Habituation represents a fundamental form of learning, yet the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms are not well defined. Here we report on a genome-wide genetic screen, coupled with whole-genome sequencing, that identified 14 zebrafish startle habituation mutants including mutants of the vertebrate-specific gene pregnancy-associated plasma protein-aa (pappaa). PAPP-AA encodes an extracellular metalloprotease known to increase IGF bioavailability, thereby enhancing IGF receptor signaling. We find that pappaa is expressed by startle circuit neurons, and expression of wild-type but not a metalloprotease-inactive version of pappaa restores habituation in pappaa mutants. Furthermore, acutely inhibiting IGF1R function in wild-type reduces habituation, while activation of IGF1R downstream effectors in pappaa mutants restores habituation, demonstrating that pappaa promotes learning by acutely and locally increasing IGF bioavailability. In sum, our results define the first functional gene set for habituation learning in a vertebrate and identify PAPPAA-regulated IGF signaling as a novel mechanism regulating habituation learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Wolman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin; 213 Zoology Research Building, 1117 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Roshan A Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kurt C Marsden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hannah Bell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julianne Skinner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katharina E Hayer
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 829 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 829 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kirkham E, Skinner J, Anderson T, Bazire S, Twigg MJ, Desborough JA. One lithium level >1.0 mmol/L causes an acute decline in eGFR: findings from a retrospective analysis of a monitoring database. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e006020. [PMID: 25380811 PMCID: PMC4225230 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lithium is a mainstay of bipolar disorder treatment, however, there are still differences in opinion on the effects of lithium use on renal function. The aim of this analysis was to determine if there is an association between short-term exposure to various elevated lithium levels and estimated-glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at ≤3 months, 6 months (±3 months) and 1 year (±3 months) follow-up. SETTING Norfolk-wide (UK) lithium register and database. PARTICIPANTS 699 patients from the Norfolk database. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES eGFR change from baseline at ≤3 months, 6 months (±3 months) and 1 year (±3 months) after exposure to a lithium level within these ranges: 0.81-1.0 mmol/L (group 2), 1.01-1.2 mmol/L (group 3) and 1.21-2.0 mmol/L (group 4). The reference group was patients whose lithium levels never exceeded 0.8 mmol/L. RESULTS Compared to the reference group, groups 3 and 4 showed a significant decrease in eGFR in the first 3 months after exposure (p=0.047 and p=0.040). At 6 months (±3 months) postexposure group 4 still showed a decline in eGFR, however, this result was not significant (p=0.298). CONCLUSIONS These results show for the first time that a single incident of a lithium level >1.0 mmol/L is associated with a significant decrease in eGFR in the following 3 months when compared to patients whose lithium levels never exceeded 0.8 mmol/L. It is still not known whether the kidneys can recover this lost function and the impact that more than a single exposure to a level within these ranges can have on renal function. These results suggest that lithium level monitoring should be undertaken at least every 3 months, in line with current UK guidelines and not be reduced further until the impact of more than one exposure to these lithium levels has been fully established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kirkham
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Hellesdon Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - J Skinner
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - T Anderson
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Hellesdon Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - S Bazire
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Hellesdon Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - M J Twigg
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - J A Desborough
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Taylor MM, Newman DR, Gonzalez J, Skinner J, Khurana R, Mickey T. HIV status and viral loads among men testing positive for rectal gonorrhoea and chlamydia, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, 2011-2013. HIV Med 2014; 16:249-54. [PMID: 25230929 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Men diagnosed with rectal gonorrhoea (GC) and chlamydia (CT) have engaged in unprotected receptive anal intercourse. We reviewed the HIV positivity and HIV viral loads (VLs) of men who had rectal GC and CT testing to evaluate potential HIV acquisition and transmission risk. METHODS Rectal GC and CT testing data for men attending the Maricopa County STD clinic during the period from 1 October 2011 to 30 September 2013 were cross-matched with HIV surveillance data to identify men with HIV coinfection. We examined HIV status, HIV diagnosis date, and the values of VL collected nearest to the date of reported rectal infection. RESULTS During the 2-year time period, 1591 men were tested for rectal GC and CT. Of the men tested, 506 (31.8%) were positive for GC (13.2%), CT (12.2%) or both (6.4%); 119 (23.5%) of those with rectal GC or CT were coinfected with HIV. Among the 275 men with HIV at the time of rectal testing, 54 (19.6%) had no reported VL; 63 (22.9%) had an undetectable VL (< 20 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL) and 158 (57.4%) had a detectable VL collected within 1 year of rectal diagnosis. Mean VL was higher among HIV and rectal GC/CT coinfected cases compared with men with HIV alone (174 316 vs. 57 717 copies/mL, respectively; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Approximately one-third of men undergoing rectal testing were positive for GC or CT and one-quarter of men with rectal GC or CT also had HIV infection. Of the HIV-infected men tested for rectal GC or CT, more than half had a detectable VL collected near the time of rectal testing, demonstrating a risk for transmitting HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Taylor
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA; STD Program, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Haj-Hassan S, Hohman T, Liu D, Skinner J, Lu Z, Sparling J, Gifford K, Sumner E, Bell S, Jefferson A. A-28 * Vascular Risk and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu038.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
48
|
Skinner J, Hardie L, Beasant B, Baker A, Ker J, O'neill A, Morse J. 'Trochars no more': Teaching chest drain insertion to remote and rural practitioners using a mobile skills unit. Med Teach 2014; 37:585-588. [PMID: 25155281 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2014.947930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a number of approaches to teaching high-risk clinical skills, such as a large bore chest drain insertion, although effectiveness is limited and realism is only achieved at great expense. Summary of work: In response to a training needs' analysis of practitioners in remote and rural areas in Scotland, training in chest drains was identified as an urgent priority need. Subsequently, the Clinical Skills Managed Educational Network (CSMEN) developed an evidence-based multi-professional clinical skills pack. This e-learning resource encompasses all aspects of chest drain management, both pre and in-hospital. The pack and an interactive workshop is used to deliver 'blended' chest drain training on a mobile clinical skills unit. Evaluation confirms that the chest drain training is a valuable resource and has been widely used to deliver skills training in remote and rural areas. Feedback from all professional groups is positive. CONCLUSIONS Developing shared national resources, with standardised workshops taught in local contexts via a mobile skills unit is one approach to the challenges associated with delivering high-risk clinical skills education.
Collapse
|
49
|
Earle N, Smith W, Crawford J, Love D, Hayes I, Graham M, Donoghue T, Hood M, Stiles M, Skinner J. The prevalence of emerging genotypic risk factors in patients with long QT syndrome. Heart Lung Circ 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
50
|
Skinner J, Crawford J, Waddell-Smith K, Earle N, Donoghue T, Graham M, Hayes I, Stiles M, Smith W, Love D. Development of the New Zealand cardiac inherited disease registry. Heart Lung Circ 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|