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Berzero G, Bellu L, Baldini C, Ducray F, Guyon D, Eoli M, Silvani A, Dehais C, Idbaih A, Younan N, Nguyen-Them L, Gaillard S, Pasqualetti F, Lepage-Seydoux C, Sekkate S, Tresca P, Kas A, Gratieux J, Ammari S, Saragoussi E, Savatovsky J, Delattre JY, Hoang-Xuan K, Meyronet D, Villa C, Bielle F, Sanson M, Touat M, Di Stefano AL. Sustained Tumor Control With MAPK Inhibition in BRAF V600-Mutant Adult Glial and Glioneuronal Tumors. Neurology 2021; 97:e673-e683. [PMID: 34088874 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether RAF and MEK inhibitors (RAFi/MEKi) can provide long-term clinical benefit in adult patients with BRAF V600-mutant glial and glioneuronal tumors (GGNTs), we analyzed tumor response and long-term outcome in a retrospective cohort. METHODS We performed a retrospective search in the institutional databases of 6 neuro-oncology departments for adult patients with recurrent or disseminated BRAF V600-mutant GGNTs treated with RAFi/MEKi. RESULTS Twenty-eight adults with recurrent or disseminated BRAF V600-mutant gangliogliomas (n = 9), pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (n = 9), and diffuse gliomas (n = 10) were included in the study. At the time that treatment with RAFi/MEKi was started, all tumors displayed radiologic features of high-grade neoplasms. Thirteen patients received RAFi as single agents (vemurafenib [n = 11], dabrafenib [n = 2]), and 15 received combinations of RAFi/MEKi (vemurafenib + cobimetinib [n = 5], dabrafenib + trametinib [n = 10]). Eleven patients achieved a partial or complete response (11 of 28, 39%), with a median reduction of -78% in their tumor burden. Responders experienced a median increase of 10 points in their Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score and a median progression-free survival of 18 months, which was longer than achieved with first-line treatment (i.e., 7 months, p = 0.047). Responders had better KPS score (p = 0.018) and tended to be younger (p = 0.061) and to be treated earlier (p = 0.099) compared to nonresponders. Five patients were rechallenged with RAFi/MEKi at progression, with novel tumor responses in 2. On univariate and multivariate analyses, response to RAFi/MEKi was an independent predictor of overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the long-term clinical benefits of RAFi/MEKi in adult patients with BRAF V600-mutant GGNTs and encourages rechallenge in responders. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that, for adult patients with BRAF V600-mutant GGNT, RAFi/MEKi can reduce tumor burden and provide clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Berzero
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Luisa Bellu
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Capucine Baldini
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - François Ducray
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - David Guyon
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Marica Eoli
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Antonio Silvani
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Caroline Dehais
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Nadia Younan
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Ludovic Nguyen-Them
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Stephan Gaillard
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Francesco Pasqualetti
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Coralie Lepage-Seydoux
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Sakina Sekkate
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Patricia Tresca
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Aurélie Kas
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Julie Gratieux
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Samy Ammari
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Edouard Saragoussi
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Julien Savatovsky
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Khê Hoang-Xuan
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - David Meyronet
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Chiara Villa
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Franck Bielle
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Marc Sanson
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Mehdi Touat
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - Anna Luisa Di Stefano
- From Sorbonne Université (G.B., L.B., C.D., A.I., J.-Y.D., K.H.-X., F.B., M.S., M.T., A.L.D.S.), Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France; Radiation Therapy Unit (L.B.), Imaging and Medical Physics Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Drug Development Department (C.B.), Institut Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Neuroncology (F.D.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurology (D.G., N.Y., A.L.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.), Service de Pharmacie (C.L.-S.), Department of Oncology (S.S.), Department of Neuroradiology (J.G.), and Department of Pathology (C.V.), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; Neuro-oncology Unit (M.E., A.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Service de Neurologie (L.N.T.), Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, France; Radiation Oncology (F.P.), Department of Medicine and Oncology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Clinical Research Unit (P.T.), Institut Curie, Paris; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.K.), AP-HP GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S.A.), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Neuroradiology Unit (E.S., J.S.), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Department of Pathology (D.M.), Eastern Hospital Group, Lyon Civil Hospices; Department of Neuropathology (F.B.), AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank (F.B., M.S.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France. Dr. Berzero is currently at Neurology Unit (G.B.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Dr. Gaillard is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris.
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