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Michirev A, Kühne K, Lindemann O, Fischer MH, Raab M. How to not induce SNAs: The insufficiency of directional force. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288038. [PMID: 37384780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
People respond faster to smaller numbers in their left space and to larger numbers in their right space. Here we argue that movements in space contribute to the formation of spatial-numerical associations (SNAs). We studied the impact of continuous isometric forces along the horizontal or vertical cardinal axes on SNAs while participants performed random number production and arithmetic verification tasks. Our results suggest that such isometric directional force do not suffice to induce SNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Michirev
- Department of Performance Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Kühne
- Division of Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - O Lindemann
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M H Fischer
- Division of Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Raab
- Department of Performance Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
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Kühne K, Nenaschew K, Miklashevsky A. Space-valence mapping of social concepts: Do we arrange negative and positive ethnic stereotypes from left to right? Front Psychol 2022; 13:1070177. [PMID: 36571035 PMCID: PMC9780541 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1070177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The body-specificity hypothesis states that in right-handers, positive concepts should be associated with the right side and negative concepts with the left side of the body. Following this hypothesis, our study postulated that negative out-group ethnic stereotypes would be associated with the left side, and positive in-group stereotypes would be associated with the right side. Methods The experiment consisted of two parts. First, we measured the spatial mapping of ethnic stereotypes by using a sensibility judgment task, in which participants had to decide whether a sentence was sensible or not by pressing either a left or a right key. The sentences included German vs. Arabic proper names. Second, we measured implicit ethnic stereotypes in the same participants using the Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT), in which Arabic vs. German proper names were presented in combination with positive vs. negative adjectives. Right-handed German native speakers (N = 92) participated in an online study. Results As predicted, in the GNAT, participants reacted faster to German names combined with positive adjectives and to Arabic names combined with negative adjectives, which is diagnostic of existing valenced in-and outgroup ethnic stereotypes. However, we failed to find any reliable effects in the sensibility judgment task, i.e., there was no evidence of spatial mapping of positive and negative ethnic stereotypes. There was no correlation between the results of the two tasks at the individual level. Further Bayesian analysis and exploratory analysis in the left-handed subsample (N = 9) corroborated the evidence in favor of null results. Discussion Our study suggests that ethnic stereotypes are not automatically mapped in a body-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kühne
- Potsdam Embodied Cognition Group, Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany,*Correspondence: K. Kühne,
| | - K. Nenaschew
- Faculty of Psychology, FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - A. Miklashevsky
- Potsdam Embodied Cognition Group, Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Rochlitzer S, Veres TZ, Kühne K, Prenzler F, Pilzner C, Knothe S, Winkler C, Lauenstein HD, Willart M, Hammad H, Müller M, Krug N, Lambrecht BN, Braun A. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide affects allergic airway inflammation by modulating dendritic cell function. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1609-21. [PMID: 21752117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is released in the lung by sensory nerves during allergic airway responses. Pulmonary dendritic cells (DC) orchestrating the allergic inflammation could be affected by CGRP. OBJECTIVE To determine the immunomodulatory effects of CGRP on DC function and its impact on the induction of allergic airway inflammation. METHODS CGRP receptor expression on lung DC was determined by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. The functional consequences of CGRP receptor triggering were evaluated in vitro using bone marrow-derived DC. DC maturation and the induction of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T cell responses were analysed by flow cytometry. The in vivo relevance of the observed DC modulation was assessed in a DC-transfer model of experimental asthma. Mice were sensitized by an intrapharyngeal transfer of OVA-pulsed DC and challenged with OVA aerosol. The impact of CGRP pretreatment of DC on airway inflammation was characterized by analysing differential cell counts and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung histology and cytokine responses in mediastinal lymph nodes. RESULTS RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and cAMP assay demonstrated the expression of functionally active CGRP receptors in lung DC. RT-PCR revealed a transcriptional CGRP receptor down-regulation during airway inflammation. CGRP specifically inhibited the maturation of in vitro generated DC. Maturation was restored by blocking with the specific antagonist CGRP(8-37) . Consequently, CGRP-pretreated DC reduced the activation and proliferation of antigen-specific T cells and induced increased the numbers of T regulatory cells. The transfer of CGRP-pretreated DC diminished allergic airway inflammation in vivo, shown by reduced eosinophil numbers and increased levels of IL-10 in BALF. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CGRP inhibits DC maturation and allergen-specific T cell responses, which affects the outcome of the allergic airway inflammation in vivo. This suggests an additional mechanism by which nerve-derived mediators interfere with local immune responses. Thus, CGRP as an anti-inflammatory mediator could represent a new therapeutic tool in asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rochlitzer
- Department of Airway Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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Stroszczynski C, Bethke A, Folprecht G, Konopke R, Kühne K. Einfluss von Konversionstherapien auf den Tumor-Leber-Kontrast. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kühne K, Bethke A, Folprecht G, Hothan T, Platzek I, Laniado M, Stroszczynski C. Untersuchung des Kontrastverhaltens von Leberparenchym und kolorektalen Lebermetastasen in der Computertomographie nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ferrari M, Hutschenreuter AM, Kühne K, Schlosser M, Franke UFW, Pfeifer R, Gummert JF, Figulla HR. Better outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation using percutaneous emergency circulatory support in non-coronary patients compared to myocardial infarctions. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Albert M, Staudte N, Breuer M, Kühne K, Gummert JF, Franke UFW. Results of lobectomy and pneumectomy in patients with COPD and/or coronary disease. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sommerfeld HJ, Garcia-Schürmann JM, Schewe J, Kühne K, Cubick F, Berges RR, Lorenz A, Pesavento A, Scheipers U, Ermert H, Pannek J, Philippou S, Senge T, Scheipers S. [Prostate cancer diagnosis using ultrasound elastography. Introduction of a novel technique and first clinical results]. Urologe A 2003; 42:941-5. [PMID: 12898038 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-003-0297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade screening has improved prostate cancer detection. The main reason for this development is a better understanding of the margins of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum levels and the classification of PSA subtypes. In contrast, the introduction of transrectal ultrasound has not led to a measurable change in the prostate cancer detection rate. Our aim was to develop a novel ultrasound system for the acquisition of elastographic images of the prostate and evaluate the system regarding its clinical applicability. We used a technically modified conventional ultrasound system and analyzed the high-frequency ultrasonic data with a computer program. The first patient-based results suggest that elastography allows an accurate measurement of tumor size and localization in contrast to conventional transrectal ultrasound. Elastography visualizes different tissue elasticities to distinguish benign and cancerous tissue. Thus, we were able to even correctly classify prostate cancer lesions which are iso- or hyperechoic in B-mode sonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Sommerfeld
- Urologische Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Marienhospital Herne.
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Scheipers U, Ermert H, Sommerfeld HJ, Garcia-Schürmann M, Kühne K, Senge T, Philippou S. Ultrasonic tissue characterization for prostate diagnostics: spectral parameters vs. texture parameters. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2003; 48:122-9. [PMID: 12838794 DOI: 10.1515/bmte.2003.48.5.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasonic multi-feature tissue characterizing system for the detection of prostate cancer is presented. The system is based on the processing of radio frequency (RF) ultrasonic echo data. Data from 100 patients was acquired in a clinical study. Parameters are extracted from the RF echo data and classified using two adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems (FIS) working in parallel as a nonlinear classifier. Next to spectral parameters, conventional texture parameters are calculated using demodulated and log-compressed echo data. In the first approach, the classifier is trained on both, spectral and texture parameters. In the second approach, the classifier is only trained on texture parameters. Classification results of both approaches are compared and it is demonstrated, that only the use of spectral parameters yields satisfying classification results. Results of a minimum distance classifier (MDC) are presented for comparison with the fuzzy inference system. For the final fuzzy inference systems used in this approach, the area under the ROC curve is between 84% and 86% for the combined approach and between 70% and 74% for the approach based on texture parameters only.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Scheipers
- Lehrstuhl für Hochfrequenztechnik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
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Lorenz A, Pesavento A, Scheipers U, Siebers S, Ermert H, Kühne K, Garcia-Schürmann M, Sommerfeld HJ, Senge T, Philippou S. Real Time Strain Imaging — a new Ultrasonic Method for Cancer Detection: First Study Results. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2001. [DOI: 10.1515/bmte.2001.46.s1.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Torsello G, Rothfuss-Kikillus X, Kühne K, Klenk E, Kasprzak B. Perioperative Lebensqualität der Patienten mit Bauchaortenaneurysma. Gefässchirurgie 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/pl00010586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Droste DW, Silling K, Stypmann J, Grude M, Kemény V, Wichter T, Kühne K, Ringelstein EB. Contrast transcranial doppler ultrasound in the detection of right-to-left shunts : time window and threshold in microbubble numbers. Stroke 2000; 31:1640-5. [PMID: 10884466 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.31.7.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cardiac right-to-left shunts can be identified by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and by transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) with the use of contrast agents and a Valsalva maneuver (VM) as provocation procedure. Currently, data on the appropriate timing of the VM, the use of a diagnostic time window, and a threshold in contrast agent microbubbles detected are insufficient. METHODS Fifty-eight patients were investigated by both TEE and bilateral TCD of the middle cerebral artery. The following protocol with injections of 10 mL of the commercial galactose-based contrast agent Echovist was applied in a randomized way: (1) no VM, (2) VM for 5 seconds starting 2 seconds after the beginning of contrast injection, (3) VM for 5 seconds starting 5 seconds after the beginning of contrast injection, (4) VM for 5 seconds starting 8 seconds after the beginning of contrast injection, and (5) repetitive short VMs in between 2 and 13 seconds after the beginning of contrast injection. In addition to the single tests, we also tested the sensitivity and specificity of combined results of the tests with VM. RESULTS In 21 patients, a right-to-left shunt was demonstrated by TEE and contrast TCD (shunt positive). Twenty-one patients were negative in both investigations, no patient was positive on TEE and negative on TCD, and 16 patients were only positive on at least 1 TCD investigation but negative during TEE. Test 3 was the most appropriate test when combined with the results of 1 of the other tests with VM. The highest sensitivities were achieved with a diagnostic time window of 40 seconds and when the presence of a single microbubble was sufficient for the diagnosis of a shunt. CONCLUSIONS TCD performed twice with 2 provocation maneuvers with Echovist is a sensitive method to identify TEE-proven cardiac right-to-left shunts. The VM should be performed for 5 seconds starting at 5 seconds after the beginning of contrast injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Droste
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Mammals have high growth rates in embryonic and juvenile phases and no growth in adult and senescent phases. We analyzed telomerase activity in a fundamentally different animal which grows indeterminately. Lobsters (Homarus americanus) grow throughout their life and the occurrence of senescence is slow. A modified TRAP assay was developed and the lobster telomeric repeat sequence TTAGG was determined. We detected telomerase activities which were dependent on RNA and protein components, required dGTP, dATP and dTTP, but not dCTP. Telomerase products with a five nucleotide periodicity were generated. High telomerase activities were detected in all lobster organs. We conclude that telomerase activation is a conserved mechanism for maintaining long-term cell proliferation capacity and preventing senescence, not only in cellular models or embryonic life stages but also in adult multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Klapper
- Institute for Hematopathology, Center for Pathology and Applied Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany
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Abstract
Eukaryotic chromosome termini consist of telomeres, short sequence repeats. According to the telomere hypothesis, DNA replication leads to telomere shortening, resulting in a cellular mitotic clock. Telomerase resets it by telomere synthesis. In mammals with a limited growth phase, telomerase activity in somatic tissues is restricted to stem cell derivatives with high proliferation potential. But other animals, like some fish, grow throughout their life with little senescence. All somatic cells require a high proliferation capacity and telomerase should be active in all cells, irrespective of fish age. Indeed, we detected high telomerase activities in all analyzed organs of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
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Affiliation(s)
- W Klapper
- Institute for Hematopathology, Center for Pathology and Applied Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany
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Krupp G, Kühne K, Tamm S, Klapper W, Heidorn K, Rott A, Parwaresch R. Molecular basis of artifacts in the detection of telomerase activity and a modified primer for a more robust 'TRAP' assay. Nucleic Acids Res 1997; 25:919-21. [PMID: 9016650 PMCID: PMC146494 DOI: 10.1093/nar/25.4.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human somatic cells have essentially no telomerase activity. Telomerase is linked to tumor genesis and is a valuable marker for malignant growth. Extreme paucity of the enzyme neccessitated development of a PCR-based assay, 'telomeric repeat amplification protocol' (TRAP). Unfortunately, this method is not without difficulties. Amplification products are not related to the size of the amplified telomerase products. Furthermore, false positive results can occur, and careful control of reaction conditions is crucial. We analyzed in detail the molecular basis of artifacts. Based on these data, reverse PCR primer was changed and both problems in the TRAP assay were eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Krupp
- Institut für Hämatopathologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Kühne K, Jonas I, Rakosi T. Weichteilmorphologie bei der Progenie. J Orofac Orthop 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02029032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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