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Sroczyk-Jaszczyńska M, Kołecki J, Lipski M, Puciło M, Wilk G, Falkowski A, Kot K, Nowicka A. A study of the symmetry of roots and root canal morphology in mandibular anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomographic imaging in a Polish population. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2019; 79:835-844. [PMID: 31802476 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2019.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to analyse mandibular anterior teeth in a Polish population and determine the symmetry of root and root canal morphology between the right and left side using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 111 CBCT examinations, 303 pairs of equivalent mandibular anterior teeth were analysed on the right and left sides to evaluate symmetry. Axial, sagittal, and cross-sectional slices with a thickness of 0.2-0.25 mm were used. The number of root canals and their internal patterns were classified following Vertucci's criteria. RESULTS All incisors in this study had 1 root. Canines usually had a single root and much less often had 2 roots. Type I and III root canal configurations were found most often, while type V and II configurations were less frequent. Significant compatibility between the left and right side was observed in all evaluated variables. Incisors had the highest symmetry with regard to the number of roots (100%). Second canals were observed more often in males than females, but only the results in lateral incisors were significant. CONCLUSIONS This study provides supplemental information for dentists and should help them to better predict the morphology of mandibular anterior teeth in complicated cases in the Polish population. Symmetry was observed in roots and root canal morphology in all examined parameters.
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Łanocha-Arendarczyk N, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Gutowska I, Kot K, Metryka E, Kosik-Bogacka DI. Relationship between antioxidant defense in Acanthamoeba spp. infected lungs and host immunological status. Exp Parasitol 2018; 193:58-65. [PMID: 30201450 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenicity of acanthamoebiasis is an important aspect of the intricate and complex host-parasite relationship. The aim of this experimental study was to determine oxidative stress through the assessment of lipid peroxidation product (LPO) levels and antioxidant defense mechanism in Acanthamoeba spp. lung infections in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts. In Acanthamoeba spp. infected immunocompetent mice we noted a significant increase in lung lipid peroxidation products (LPO) at 8 days and 16 days post infection (dpi). There was a significant upregulation in lung LPO in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice infected by Acanthamoeba spp. at 16 dpi. The superoxide dismutase activity decreased significantly in lungs in immunosuppressed mice at 8 dpi. The catalase activity was significantly upregulated in lungs in immunocompetent vs. immunosuppressed group and in immunocompetent vs. control mice at 16 dpi. The glutathione reductase activity was significantly lower in immunosuppressed group vs. immunosuppressed control at 24 dpi. We found significant glutathione peroxidase downregulation in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed groups vs. controls at 8 dpi, and in immunosuppressed vs. immunosuppressed control at 16 dpi. The consequence of the inflammatory response in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts in the course of experimental Acanthamoeba spp. infection was the reduction of the antioxidant capacity of the lungs resulting from changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, the imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant processes may play a major role in pathology associated with Acanthamoeba pneumonia.
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Barczak-Brzyżek AK, Kiełkiewicz M, Gawroński P, Kot K, Filipecki M, Karpińska B. Cross-talk between high light stress and plant defence to the two-spotted spider mite in Arabidopsis thaliana. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 73:177-189. [PMID: 29119280 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how plants deal with arthropod herbivores under the fluctuating light intensity and spectra which occur in natural environments. Moreover, the role of simultaneous stress such as excess light (EL) in the regulation of plant responses to herbivores is poorly characterized. In the current study, we focused on a mite-herbivore, specifically, the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), which is one of the major agricultural pests worldwide. Our results showed that TSSM-induced leaf damage (visualized by trypan blue staining) and oviposition rate (measured as daily female fecundity) decreased after EL pre-treatment in wild-type Arabidopsis plants, but the observed responses were not wavelength specific. Thus, we established that EL pre-treatment reduced Arabidopsis susceptibility to TSSM infestation. Due to the fact that a portion of EL energy is dissipated by plants as heat in the mechanism known as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence, we tested an Arabidopsis npq4-1 mutant impaired in NPQ. We showed that npq4-1 plants are significantly less susceptible to TSSM feeding activity, and this result was not dependent on light pre-treatment. Therefore, our findings strongly support the role of light in plant defence against TSSM, pointing to a key role for a photo-protective mechanism such as NPQ in this regulation. We hypothesize that plants impaired in NPQ are constantly primed to mite attack, as this seems to be a universal evolutionarily conserved mechanism for herbivores.
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Kozak L, Niedzielski P, Jakubowski K, Michałowski A, Krzyżanowska M, Teska M, Wawrzyniak M, Kot K, Piotrowska M. The XRF mapping of archaeological artefacts as the key to understanding of the past. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 24:427-436. [PMID: 27061795 DOI: 10.3233/xst-160566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The article describes the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) studies on the chemical composition of archaeological artefacts. The mapping of the concentration of selected elements has been used to recognise the way of object production and the use. The obtained data allowed to obtain the new information, which is impossible to gain by use of different methods. 'The data obtained from the chemical composition of the particular parts of the objects may be used for the interpretation of the manufacturing technology or the primal form of the objects. Additionally, the knowledge obtained from the chemical composition of the different parts of the artefacts may be essential for the selection of the protection and conservation methods. The present studies can be useful to improve knowledge about the level of former craftsmanship. These knowledge allow us to exam archaeological artefacts in a new light, and these findings can also broaden the archaeological knowledge horizons and provide good bases for further detailed studies.
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Smaga I, Pomierny-Chamiolo L, Bystrowska B, Mohaissen T, Kot K, Filip M. Effects of chronic antidepressant treatment under blockade of CB2 receptors on the level of endocannabinoids in rat brain structures. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kawecki D, Kwiatkowski A, Michalak G, Sawicka-Grzelak A, Mlynarczyk A, Sokol-Leszczynska B, Kot K, Czerwinski J, Lisik W, Bieniasz M, Wszola M, Domagala P, Rowinski W, Durlik M, Luczak M, Chmura A, Mlynarczyk G. Etiologic Agents of Bacteremia in the Early Period After Simultaneous Pancreas–Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:3151-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gastal MO, Gastal EL, Kot K, Ginther OJ. Factors related to the time of fixation of the conceptus in mares. Theriogenology 2007; 46:1171-80. [PMID: 16727980 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(96)00288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/1996] [Accepted: 04/30/1996] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The temporal relationships among day of conceptus fixation (cessation of mobility), conceptus diameter, uterine tone, uterine contractility, and myometrial and endometrial thickness of the middle and caudal segments of the uterine horns were assessed in 13 pony mares with fixation in the caudal segment of a uterine horn. The mean day of fixation (14.9 +/- 0.3) was established by 2-h mobility trials. Uterine tone increased (P < 0.0001) gradually over Days 11 to 21, whereas uterine contractility decreased (P < 0.0001) between Days 14 and 18. The diameter of the spherical embryonic vesicle increased (P < 0.0001) between Days 11 and 17. The day of fixation and vesicle diameter on Day 14 were negatively correlated (r = -0.9, P < 0.007); the larger the vesicle, the earlier fixation occurred. Each of 4 uterine-horn diameters (endometrium and endometrium plus myometrium of middle and caudal segments) decreased (P < 0.0001) correspondingly over Days 11 to 21. On the day of fixation conceptus diameter (21.5 +/- 1.0 mm) was similar to endometrial diameter (21.1 +/- 0.4 mm) at the caudal segment. The endometrial diameter represents the distance between the inner opposite walls of the myometrium. The percentage of change between the day before and day of fixation was greater for the conceptus (18.1% increase) than for the endometrial diameter at the caudal segment (1.0% decrease). The results suggest that fixation occurred when the mobile and growing conceptus attained, on the average, a diameter equivalent to the distance between opposite inner myometrial walls at the caudal segment. The uterus became turgid by this time and presumably did not expand adequately to accommodate continued mobility of the expanding conceptus.
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Haughian JM, Ginther OJ, Kot K, Wiltbank MC. Relationships between FSH patterns and follicular dynamics and the temporal associations among hormones in natural and GnRH-induced gonadotropin surges in heifers. Reproduction 2004; 127:23-33. [PMID: 15056767 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Preovulatory LH and FSH surges and the subsequent periovulatory FSH surge were studied in heifers treated with a single injection of GnRH (100 μg, n = 6) or saline (n = 7). Blood samples were collected every hour from 6 h before treatment until 12 h after the largest follicle reached ≥8.5 mm (expected beginning of follicular deviation). The GnRH-induced preovulatory LH and FSH surges were higher at the peak and shorter in duration than in controls, but the area under the curve was not different between groups. The profiles of the preovulatory LH and FSH surges were similar within each treatment group, suggesting that the two surges involved a common GnRH-dependent mechanism. Concentrations of FSH in controls at the nadir before the preovulatory surge and at the beginning and end of the periovulatory surge were not significantly different among the three nadirs. A relationship between variability in the periovulatory FSH surge and number of 5.0 mm follicles was shown by lower FSH concentrations during 12–48 h after the beginning of the surge in heifers with more follicles (11.0 ± 1.0 follicles (mean±s.e.m.) n = 7) than in heifers with fewer follicles (5.7 ± 0.4, n = 6). This result was attributed to increased FSH suppression from increased numbers of follicles reaching 5.0 mm. Grouping of heifers into those with longer vs shorter intervals from a 4.5 mm to an 8.5 mm largest follicle did not disclose any relationship between length of the interval and FSH characteristics (e.g. profile of surge, area under curve, FSH concentrations at specific events). The hypothesis of a relationship between variation in the periovulatory FSH surge and variation in follicular dynamics was supported for the number of 5.0 mm follicles but not for the hour the largest follicle reached 8.5 mm. Thus, the expected time of follicle deviation was not altered by the extensive variation in the wave-stimulating FSH surge.
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Gulyas H, Bruhn P, Furmanska M, Hartrampf K, Kot K, Lüttenberg B, Mahmood Z, Stelmaszewska K, Otterpohl R. Freeze concentration for enrichment of nutrients in yellow water from no-mix toilets. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2004; 50:61-68. [PMID: 15536991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Separately collected urine ("yellow water") can be utilized as fertilizer. In order to decrease storage volumes and energy consumption for yellow water transport to fields, enrichment of nutrients in yellow water has to be considered. Laboratory-scale batch freeze concentration of yellow water has been tested in ice-front freezing apparatus: a stirred vessel and a falling film freeze concentrator (coolant temperatures: -6 to -16 degrees C). With progressing enrichment of the liquid concentrate, the frozen ice was increasingly contaminated with yellow water constituents (ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, TOC, and salts determined as conductivity). The higher the initial salinity of the yellow water and the lower the mechanical agitation of the liquid phase contacting the growing ice front, the more the frozen ice was contaminated. The results indicate, that in ice-front freezing devices multistage processes are necessary, i.e. the melted ice phase has to be purified (and the concentrates must be further enriched) in a second or even in a third stage. Energy consumption of this process is very high. However, technical scale suspension freeze concentration is reasonable in centralized ecological sanitation schemes if the population exceeds 0.5 million and distance of yellow water transportation to fields is more than 80 km.
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Ginther OJ, Bergfelt DR, Beg MA, Meira C, Kot K. In vivo effects of an intrafollicular injection of insulin-like growth factor 1 on the mechanism of follicle deviation in heifers and mares. Biol Reprod 2004; 70:99-105. [PMID: 12954722 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.021949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In cattle and mares, free insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is higher in the future dominant follicle (F1) than in the future largest subordinate follicle (F2) before deviation in diameter or selection is manifested between the two follicles. The effect of IGF-1 on other follicular-fluid factors and on the destiny of F2 were studied in two experiments in each species, using a total of 40 heifers and 42 mares. An injection of IGF-1 was made into F2 at the expected beginning of deviation (heifers, F1 >or= 8.5 mm; mares, F1 >or= 20.0 mm; Hour 0). In heifers, follicular fluid was taken from F2 at Hours 3, 6, 12, or 24; each heifer was sampled only once. In mares, sequential F2 samples were taken from each mare at Hours 0, 6, and 24 or at Hours 12 and 24. Transvaginal ultrasound guidance was used for treatment and sample collection. In heifers, IGF-1 treatment of F2 stimulated the secretion of estradiol (P < 0.05) between Hours 3 and 6 and androstenedione (P < 0.05) between Hours 3 and 12. In F2 of control heifers, estradiol decreased (P < 0.05) and androstenedione did not change significantly. In mares, IGF-1 treatment of F2 did not affect the concentrations of estradiol during the 24-h posttreatment period; androstenedione decreased (P < 0.04) in the IGF-1 group and increased (P < 0.006) in the controls. Compared with control mares, the IGF-1 group had higher (P < 0.04) activin-A at Hours 12 and 24 and higher (P < 0.0006) inhibin-A at Hour 24. After ablating F1 at Hour 24 in mares, F2 became dominant and ovulated in more mares (P < 0.0002) in the IGF-1 group (12/14) than in the control group (2/14). These results are consistent with reported temporal relationships among follicular factors during deviation in both species and indicate that IGF-1 plays a key role in controlling the temporal relationships; however, no indication was found that IGF-1 stimulated estradiol production in mares during the 24 h after treatment.
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Ginther OJ, Beg MA, Kot K, Meira C, Bergfelt DR. Associated and independent comparisons between the two largest follicles preceding follicle deviation in cattle. Biol Reprod 2003; 68:524-9. [PMID: 12533415 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.008474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle diameters and concentrations of follicular fluid factors were studied in the two largest follicles (F1 and F2) using F1 diameters in increments of 0.2 mm (equivalent to 4 h intervals) and extending from 7.4 to 8.4 mm (12 heifers in each of 6 groups). Changes were compared between follicles using the F2 associated with each F1-diameter group. Diameter deviation began in the 8.2-mm group as indicated by a greater (P < 0.05) diameter difference between F1 and F2 in the 8.4-mm group than in the 8.2-mm group. In the 8.0-mm group, estradiol concentrations began to increase (P < 0.05) differentially in F1 versus F2, and free insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) began to decrease differentially in F2 (P < 0.06). Combined for F1 and the associated F2, activin-A concentrations increased (P < 0.05) between the 7.6- and 8.2-mm groups and then decreased (P < 0.05). Results supported the hypothesis that estradiol and free IGF-1 concentrations simultaneously become higher in F1 than in the associated F2 by the beginning of diameter deviation. Results did not support the hypothesis that a transient elevation in activin-A is present in F1 but not in the associated F2 at the beginning of the estradiol and IGF-1 changes; instead, a mean transient elevation in activin-A occurred at this time only when data for the two follicles were combined. Comparisons between F1 and F2 also were made by independently grouping F2 and using diameter groups at 0.2-mm increments for F2 as well as for F1. In the diameter groups common to F1 and F2 (7.4, 7.6, 7.8, and 8.0 mm) there was a group effect (P < 0.003) for estradiol involving an increase (P < 0.05) beginning at the 7.6-mm group averaged over F1 and F2. For free IGF-1 concentrations, a fluctuation (a significant increase followed by a significant decrease) occurred independently in F1 between the 7.4- to 7.8-mm groups and independently in F2 between the 7.0- to 7.4-mm groups.
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Ginther OJ, Bergfelt DR, Beg MA, Kot K. Role of low circulating FSH concentrations in controlling the interval to emergence of the subsequent follicular wave in cattle. Reproduction 2002. [DOI: 10.1530/rep.0.1240475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The intervals between emergence of follicular waves 1 (first wave of an oestrous cycle) and 2, and between the associated FSH surges (surges 1 and 2), were studied in control (n = 7) and recombinant bovine (rb)FSH-treated (n = 7) heifers. The expected start of the deviation in follicle diameter between the two largest follicles of wave 1 was defined as the day on which the largest follicle reached 8.5 mm (day 0). In the control heifers, circulating concentrations of FSH decreased and oestradiol increased between day 0 and day 1.5 or day 2.0 in a reciprocal relationship. The opposite reciprocal relationship between an FSH increase and an oestradiol decrease occurred during the next 3 days. This temporal result is consistent with a negative systemic effect of oestradiol on FSH at this time. rbFSH was administered in a dosage regimen that was expected to result in a similarity between FSH surge 2 in the rbFSH-treated group and surge 2 in the control group. On average, surge 2 and wave 2 occurred approximately 2 days earlier in the rbFSH-treated group than in the control group, and characteristics of the FSH surge and follicular wave were similar (no significant differences) between groups. These results support the hypothesis that low circulating FSH concentrations after the deviation in follicle diameter control the interval to emergence of the subsequent follicular wave. However, in one of seven rbFSH-treated heifers, the largest follicle from the apparent stimulation of rbFSH reached only 5.7 mm; therefore, the possibility of involvement of additional mechanisms cannot be dismissed.
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Ginther OJ, Bergfelt DR, Beg MA, Kot K. Role of low circulating FSH concentrations in controlling the interval to emergence of the subsequent follicular wave in cattle. Reproduction 2002; 124:475-82. [PMID: 12361465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The intervals between emergence of follicular waves 1 (first wave of an oestrous cycle) and 2, and between the associated FSH surges (surges 1 and 2), were studied in control (n = 7) and recombinant bovine (rb)FSH-treated (n = 7) heifers. The expected start of the deviation in follicle diameter between the two largest follicles of wave 1 was defined as the day on which the largest follicle reached 8.5 mm (day 0). In the control heifers, circulating concentrations of FSH decreased and oestradiol increased between day 0 and day 1.5 or day 2.0 in a reciprocal relationship. The opposite reciprocal relationship between an FSH increase and an oestradiol decrease occurred during the next 3 days. This temporal result is consistent with a negative systemic effect of oestradiol on FSH at this time. rbFSH was administered in a dosage regimen that was expected to result in a similarity between FSH surge 2 in the rbFSH-treated group and surge 2 in the control group. On average, surge 2 and wave 2 occurred approximately 2 days earlier in the rbFSH-treated group than in the control group, and characteristics of the FSH surge and follicular wave were similar (no significant differences) between groups. These results support the hypothesis that low circulating FSH concentrations after the deviation in follicle diameter control the interval to emergence of the subsequent follicular wave. However, in one of seven rbFSH-treated heifers, the largest follicle from the apparent stimulation of rbFSH reached only 5.7 mm; therefore, the possibility of involvement of additional mechanisms cannot be dismissed.
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Myrdycz A, Callens D, Kot K, Monchau F, Radziszewski E, Lefebvre A, Hildebrand HF. Cells under stress: a non-destructive evaluation of adhesion by ultrasounds. BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING 2002; 19:219-25. [PMID: 12202186 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-0344(02)00035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion process plays a major role in the development of osteoblastic cells on various substrates used in orthopaedic applications such as metals, bioceramics, or glass. High frequency and low power ultrasounds seem to be an appropriate tool for an evaluation of interface mechanical properties. Is it a non-destructive method? We investigated osteoblastic cell cultures, maintained in their medium with high frequency, bulk longitudinal waves. The influence of both acoustical frequency and acoustical power on cell adhesion is evaluated by cell detachment ratio and re-adhesion ratio. We demonstrate the existence of a power threshold depending on the frequency, allowing optimal cellular detachment and re-adhesion. Finally, a qualitative study of the detachment phenomena is performed by use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and cytochemical labelling.
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Ginther OJ, Beg MA, Bergfelt DR, Kot K. Activin A, estradiol, and free insulin-like growth factor I in follicular fluid preceding the experimental assumption of follicle dominance in cattle. Biol Reprod 2002; 67:14-9. [PMID: 12079994 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod67.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In cattle, the two largest follicles of a wave (F1, F2) begin to deviate into a dominant follicle and a subordinate follicle when F1 is a mean of 8.5 mm in diameter. After the beginning of deviation, F1 and F2 are diameter-defined dominant and subordinate follicles. Changes associated with the conversion of F2 into a future dominant follicle were studied by ablating F1 at the expected beginning of deviation (F1, 8.5 mm; Hour 0) and assessing the follicular-fluid factors in F2. Follicles were designated F1C and F2C in controls and F2A in F1-ablated heifers. Follicular-fluid collections were made at Hours 0, 4, 8, or 12 (n = 7 heifers per hour; fluid from F1C, F2C, and F2A; experiment 1) or at Hours 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 (n = 9 heifers per hour; fluid from F2A; experiment 2). Postablation concentrations of circulating FSH increased (P < 0.05) between Hours 2 and 6. Diameter of F2A increased (P < 0.05) after Hour 8 in both experiments so that the diameter of F2A at Hours 10 or 12 was not different (P > 0.1) from the diameter of F1 at Hour 0. A transient elevation (P < 0.05) in follicular-fluid activin A occurred in F2A at Hour 8 in both experiments. Concentrations of estradiol (P < 0.05) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I; P < 0.1) decreased in F2C by Hour 8. In F2A, the concentrations of both factors began to increase (P < 0.05) after Hours 4 or 8 so that there was no difference (P > 0.1) between F1C and F2A at Hour 12. Concentrations of IGF-I and IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) in F2A changed in opposite directions at the same hours. No differences between follicles were found for concentrations of progesterone, androstenedione, inhibin A, and inhibin B. The order of events in the conversion of a future subordinate follicle to a future dominant follicle was an increase in systemic FSH, a transient elevation in follicular-fluid activin A, and a simultaneous increase in follicular-fluid estradiol and restoration of an apparent growth-compatible balance of free IGF-I and IGFBP-2.
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Rokosz A, Meisel-Mikołajczyk F, Malchar C, Kot K, Zawidzka E, Nowaczyk M, Górski A. [Adhesion of human granulocytes and T lymphocytes to vascular endothelial cells after stimulation with Bacteroides fragilis endotoxin and enterotoxin]. MEDYCYNA DOSWIADCZALNA I MIKROBIOLOGIA 2002; 53:259-67. [PMID: 11785183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of presented study was to estimates the number of human granulocytes and T lymphocytes adhering to 1 mm2 of vascular endothelial cell culture stimulated by Bacteroides fragilis endotoxins (LPS) and enterotoxin (BFT). HMEC-1 cells were activated with bacterial preparations at the concentration of 10 (micrograms/ml for 4 and 24 hours. Granulocytes and T lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy blood donors. The adhesion tests of granulocytes and adhesion tests of resting and activated with PMA (at the concentration of 10 ng/ml) T lymphocytes to the non-stimulated and stimulated by B. fragilis compounds (LPS and BFT) vascular endothelium were performed. The number of viable leukocytes, which adhered to the endothelium, was determined using inverted microscope (magnification 200x). The results were presented as the number of viable cells adhering to 1 mm2 of the endothelial cell culture. The results of experiments indicate that granulocytes and T lymphocytes (resting and after activation with PMA even in greater number) adhere to the endothelial cells stimulated by B. fragilis endotoxins and enterotoxin. B. fragilis toxins are weaker stimulants of human leukocyte adhesion to the HMEC-1 cells than E. coli O55:B5 LPS. B. fragilis LPS and BFT preparations stimulate endothelial cells to the adhesion of granulocytes in similar manner, whereas the activation of vascular endothelium to the adhesion of T lymphocytes is differentiated.
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Meisel-Mikołajczyk F, Rokosz A, Kot K, Zawidzka E, Malchar C, Nowaczyk M, Górski A. [The effect of metronidazole on stimulation of adhesion molecule expression on the surface of vascular endothelial cells by Bacteroides fragilis endotoxins and enterotoxin]. MEDYCYNA DOSWIADCZALNA I MIKROBIOLOGIA 2002; 53:53-61. [PMID: 11757405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The influence of metronidazole on the level of expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin on the surface of vascular endothelial cells activated with B. fragilis endotoxins and enterotoxin was examined. Three enterotoxigenic (ETBF) strains and one nonenterotoxigenic (NTBF) strain were used for lipopolysaccharide extraction. Enterotoxin was prepared from the culture supernatant of the reference B. fragilis ATCC 43858 strain. Expression of adhesion molecules on vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1 cell line) was determined after their stimulation with bacterial compounds at the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml in the presence of metronidazole at the concentration of 4 micrograms/ml. Endothelial cells were activated for 4 hours (E-selectin expression) and for 24 hours (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression). Adhesion molecules were detected in immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) with mouse, monoclonal antibodies against human ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin. The results of experiments suggest, that metronidazole enhances the expression of examined adhesion molecules on endothelial cells. This antimicrobial agent causes some changes in the expression of endothelial ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin stimulated by B. fragilis endotoxins and enterotoxin.
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Meisel-Mikołajczyk F, Rokosz A, Kot K, Zawidzka E, Malchar C, Nowaczyk M, Górski A. [Effect of clindamycin on stimulation of cell adhesion molecules by endotoxins and enterotoxin of Bacteroides fragilis strains]. MEDYCYNA DOSWIADCZALNA I MIKROBIOLOGIA 2002; 53:151-60. [PMID: 11757424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The influence of clindamycin on expression of B. fragilis endotoxins (LPS) and enterotoxin stimulated cell adhesion molecules: ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin on HMEC-1 (human microvascular endothelial cell line) was tested. Lipopolysaccharides from four Bacteroides fragilis strains: one nonenterotoxigenic (NTBF) and three enterotoxigenic (ETBF) were extracted by hot phenol-water method and purified. B. fragilis enterotoxin was prepared according to the method described by van Tassel et al. (1992). All bacterial preparations were used for stimulation at concentration 10 micrograms/ml. Clindamycin was used in concentration of 2 micrograms/ml. The influence of antimicrobial agent on the endotoxins and enterotoxin stimulation and expression of adhesion molecules was tested by ELISA, using monoclonal mouse anti-human antibodies (Genzyme, USA). Peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulins (DAKO A/S Denmark) and OPD (Sigma USA) were used. The coloured reaction product was measured by reading the absorbance at 492 nm in SPECTRA II reader (SLT, Austria). It was observed that clindamycin influenced the expression of cell adhesion molecules on resting cell line. HMEC-1 cells stimulated with Bacteroides fragilis LPS preparations have suppressive effect on ICAM-1 expression. ICAM-1 expression was augmented when stimulated with Tox 1 and Tox 2 preparations. Clindamycin augmented the VCAM-1 expression in tests with all bacterial preparations. All used bacterial preparations of Bacteroides fragilis LPS and enterotoxin enhanced the expression of E-selectin with exception of LPS of NTBF strain.
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Rokosz A, Meisel-Mikołajczyk F, Kot K, Mieszała M, Szponar B, Gamian A. [Analysis of fatty acids from lipopolysaccharides of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides fragilis]. MEDYCYNA DOSWIADCZALNA I MIKROBIOLOGIA 2002; 53:177-83. [PMID: 11757427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine and to compare fatty acids occurring in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from B. thetaiotaomicron and B. fragilis strains of different origin. Lipopolysaccharides of three B. thetaiotaomicron strains and four B. fragilis strains were isolated by phenol-water extraction according to the procedure of Westphal and Jann (1965). Water-phase LPS fractions were then treated with nucleases and purified by ultracentrifugation as described by Gmeiner (1975). Fatty acid methyl esters, obtained by methanolysis of LPS, were analysed in gas-liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GLC-MS). Trimethylsilylated hydroxyl groups of fatty acid methyl esters were identified with GLC-MS using a method of selective ion monitoring (SIM). Lipopolysaccharides of B. thetaiotaomicron and B. fragilis strains contained long-chain (15-18 carbon atoms) fatty acids. The broad spectrum of simple long-chain and branched-chain fatty acids as well as 3-hydroxy fatty acids were detected. The main fatty acid of analyzed bacterial species was 3-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid (3OH C16:0). Several 3-hydroxy fatty acids were detected in LPS of examined strains. Fatty acids occurring in LPS of B. thetaiotaomicron and B. fragilis strains appeared to be qualitatively similar. Quantitative differences in fatty acids composition of lipopolysaccharides isolated from strains of different origin were observed.
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Rokosz A, Sawicka-Grzelak A, Kot K, Meszaros J, Łuczak M. [Use of the Etest method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of obligate anaerobes]. MEDYCYNA DOSWIADCZALNA I MIKROBIOLOGIA 2002; 53:167-75. [PMID: 11757426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate Etest usefulness for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of obligate anaerobes and to compare the activity of five antibacterial drugs against clinical strains of anaerobes. One hundred strains of obligate anaerobes were tested: 2 reference strains (B. fragilis ATCC 25285 and B. thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741) and 98 clinical strains isolated from patients of the Infant Jesus Clinical Hospital--Center for Trauma Treatment in Warsaw during the last three years (1997-1999). Strains of seven genera of obligate nonsporeforming anaerobes (Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium and Actinomyces) and strains of two sporeforming species (C. perfringens and C. difficile) were examined. The MIC values were determined by the gradient diffusion method Etest (AB BIODISK, Sweden). Wilkins-Chalgren solid medium supplemented with 5% of sheep blood was used. Test plates were incubated at 35 degrees C for 48 hours in glove-box (85% N2, 10% H2, 5% CO2). The MIC values for each strain and antimicrobial agent, and the MIC ranges for bacteria of the same species were established. Ten strains resistant to clindamycin, ten resistant to piperacillin, and ten resistant to imipenem were detected. Seven strains were resistant to metronidazole and two strains to piperacillin combined with tazobactam. Tazobactam restored the susceptibility of eight strains to piperacillin. Obtained results confirm that Etest method is useful for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of obligate anaerobes. Older (clindamycin and metronidazole) and newer (piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem) antimicrobial agents revealed high and comparable activity against clinical strains of obligate anaerobes. The percentage of strains susceptible to tested antimicrobials was > or = 90. These antimicrobials may be still useful in the empiric treatment of infections caused by medically important anaerobes.
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Beg MA, Bergfelt DR, Kot K, Ginther OJ. Follicle selection in cattle: dynamics of follicular fluid factors during development of follicle dominance. Biol Reprod 2002; 66:120-6. [PMID: 11751273 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod66.1.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle diameter deviation during follicular waves in cattle begins with a reduction in growth rates of developing subordinate follicles, in contrast to the maintenance of a constant growth rate by a developing dominant follicle. In experiment 1, the temporal changes encompassing deviation in concentrations of follicular fluid factors relative to one another in the three largest follicles (F1, F2, and F3) were studied. Follicular fluid samples were collected when F1 reached diameter ranges of 7.0-7.9, 8.0-8.9, 9.0-9.9, and 10.0-10.9 mm (n = 12 per range). The first increase (P < 0.05) in the difference between F1 and F2 for estradiol occurred at the 8.0- to 8.9-mm range, which was one range earlier than for diameter (P < 0.05). Free insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 concentrations in F1 were similar among diameter ranges, but concentrations in F1 were higher (P < 0.05) than in F2 for each range except 7.0-7.9 mm. Concentrations of free IGF-1 in F2 decreased (P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in concentrations of progesterone, androstenedione, total inhibin, and inhibin-A. Averaged over follicles, inhibin-B decreased (P < 0.05) between the 8.0- to 8.9- and 10.0- to 10.9-mm ranges, and activin-A increased (P < 0.05) between the 7.0- to 7.9- and 9.0- to 9.9-mm ranges. However, no differences were found among follicles. In experiment 2, changes associated with the development of dominance by F2 were studied using ablation of F1 at the beginning of expected deviation (F1, 8.5 mm; Hour 0) as the reference point. Follicular fluid factors were compared at Hour 12 between F2 of a control group (F1 intact; n = 10) and an ablated group (F1 ablated; n = 10). Diameter (P < 0.02), estradiol (P < 0.001), free IGF-1 (P < 0.002), and progesterone (P < 0.003) were greater and IGF-binding protein-2 was lower (P < 0.01) in F2 of the ablated group at Hour 12. No differences were detected in concentrations of androstenedione, total inhibin, and inhibin-A. The results of the two experiments indicated, on a temporal basis, that intrafollicular changes in estradiol and the IGF system, but not in the inhibin/activin system, could account for a reported greater FSH responsiveness by the future dominant follicle than by the future subordinate follicles by the beginning of diameter deviation in cattle.
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Kulick LJ, Bergfelt DR, Kot K, Ginther OJ. Follicle selection in cattle: follicle deviation and codominance within sequential waves. Biol Reprod 2001; 65:839-46. [PMID: 11514349 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod65.3.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle deviation during bovine follicular waves is characterized by continued growth of a developing dominant follicle and reduction or cessation of growth of subordinate follicles. Characteristics of follicle deviation for waves with a single dominant follicle were compared between wave 1 (begins near ovulation; n = 15) and wave 2 (n = 15). Follicles were defined as F1 (largest), F2, and F3, according to maximum diameter. No mean differences were found between waves for follicle diameters at expected deviation (F1, > or =8.5 mm; Hour 0) or observed deviation or in the interval from follicle emergence at 4.0 mm to deviation. For both waves, circulating FSH continued to decrease (P < 0.05) after Hour 0, estradiol began to increase (P < 0.05) at Hour 0, and immunoreactive inhibin began to decrease (P < 0.05) before Hour 0. A transient elevation in circulating LH reached maximum concentration at Hour 0 (P < 0.01) in both waves and was more prominent (P < 0.0001) for wave 1. Waves with codominant follicles (both follicles >10 mm) were more common (P < 0.02) for wave 1 (35%) than for wave 2 (4%). Codominants (n = 6) were associated with more (P < 0.05) follicles > or=4 mm and a greater concentration (P < 0.04) of circulating estradiol at Hours -48 to -8 than were single dominant follicles (n = 15). A mean transient increase in FSH and LH occurred in the codominant group at Hour -24 and may have interfered with deviation of F2. In codominant waves, deviation of F3 occurred near Hour 0 (F1, approximately 8.5 mm). A second deviation involving F2 occurred in four of six waves a mean of 50 h after the F3 deviation and may have resulted from a greater suppression (P < 0.05) of FSH in the codominant group after Hour 0. In conclusion, follicle or hormone differences were similar for waves 1 and 2, indicating that the deviation mechanisms were the same for both waves. Waves that developed codominant follicles differed in hormone as well as follicle dynamics.
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Abstract
Follicle deviation is proposed to be the eminent event in follicle selection in monovular species. At deviation, the largest follicle establishes dominance apparently before the second-largest follicle can reach a similar diameter. In cattle, based on diameters of the two follicles at the beginning of deviation, the mechanism becomes established in <8 h. An FSH:follicle-coupling hypothesis has been supported as the essence of follicle selection. According to the hypothesis, the growing follicles cause the FSH decline from the peak of the wave-stimulating FSH surge until deviation, even though the follicles continue to require FSH (two-way functional coupling involving multiple follicles). During multiple-follicle coupling, inhibin is the primary FSH suppressant. Near the beginning of deviation, the largest follicle secretes increased estradiol, and apparently both estradiol and inhibin contribute to the continuing FSH decline; only the more-developed largest follicle is able to utilize the low FSH concentrations (single-follicle coupling). Deviation is encompassed by a transient elevation in LH in heifers and by a component, often distinct, of the long ovulatory LH surge in mares. In heifers, receptors for LH appear in the granulosa cells of the future dominant follicle about 8 h before the beginning of deviation. The LH stimulates the production of estradiol and insulin-like growth factor-1. These intrafollicular factors and perhaps others account for the responsiveness of the largest follicle to the low concentrations of FSH. The smaller follicles have not reached a similar developmental stage and because of their continued and close dependency on FSH become susceptible to the low concentrations. Thereby, follicle selection is established.
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Ginther OJ, Bergfelt DR, Beg MA, Kot K. Follicle Selection in Cattle: Relationships among Growth Rate, Diameter Ranking, and Capacity for Dominance. Biol Reprod 2001; 65:345-50. [PMID: 11466199 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod65.2.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicles of wave 1 were designated F1, F2, and so forth, according to descending diameter at the expected (F1, > or =8.2 mm) or observed beginning of deviation (Hour 0), as indicated by a reduction in growth rate of F2. During Hours -24 to 0 (experiment 1; n = 34 waves) and Hours -16 to 0 (experiment 2; n = 21), F1 and F2 grew in parallel (no significant differences). During Hours -16 to 0, growth rate was greater (P < 0.05) for F1 (1.4 +/- 0.1 mm/16 h) and F2 (1.0 +/- 0.1) than for F3 (0.6 +/- 0.1) and F4 (0.5 +/- 0.1). During Hours 0 to 16, growth rate was greater (P < 0.05) for F1 (1.4 +/- 0.2 mm/16 h) than for F2 (0.1 +/- 0.1), F3 (0.1 +/- 0.1), and F4 (0.1 +/- 0.2). In experiment 1, zero, one, two, or three largest follicles were ablated by aspiration of contents at Hour 0 (n = 7/group). For heifers with a single dominant follicle, the dominant follicle formed from the largest retained follicle more often when it was >7.0 mm (14 of 15) than when it was <7.0 mm (0 of 10). When the retained follicles were <7.0 mm, the first follicle to reach 7.0 mm became dominant in seven of eight heifers. Mean hour of observed deviation (occurring after Hour 0 in the ablation groups) increased progressively in groups with increasing number of ablated follicles. Plasma concentrations of FSH for groups with one, two, or three ablated follicles increased to a similar extent between Hours 0 and 12. Results supported the following: 1) during the 24 h before the beginning of deviation, small follicles grew more slowly than large follicles and the largest follicles grew in parallel; 2) after ablation of large follicles, the small retained follicles did not deviate until one reached a diameter characteristic of the beginning of deviation; 3) the potential for dominance at the expected beginning of deviation was greatest for the largest follicle and decreased progressively for the smaller follicles but only when the retained follicles were >7.0 mm; and 4) the three largest subordinate follicles began to deviate simultaneously.
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Ginther OJ, Bergfelt DR, Beg MA, Kot K. Effect of LH on circulating oestradiol and follicular fluid factor concentrations during follicle deviation in cattle. Reproduction 2001. [DOI: 10.1530/rep.0.1220103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone was used to reduce LH concentrations starting at the time when the largest follicle was > or = 5.7 mm in diameter or well before the expected start of follicle deviation (largest follicle > or = 8.5 mm in diameter). Plasma concentrations of LH, FSH and oestradiol were determined at 4 h intervals in control and progesterone-treated heifers (n = 8 per group). Concentrations of LH were lower (P < 0.05) in the progesterone-treated group, reflecting an absence of the transient increase in LH concentrations that encompasses follicle deviation. An increase in oestradiol and a continued decrease in FSH occurred at the start of follicle deviation in the control cows but not in the treated heifers. In a second experiment, follicular fluid of the two largest follicles of control and progesterone-treated heifers was sampled at the expected start of deviation (n = 8--10 per group). The concentrations of oestradiol, but not androstenedione and free insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), in follicular fluid were higher (P < 0.001) in the largest follicle than in the second largest follicle. Progesterone treatment reduced (P < or = 0.02) the concentrations of all three factors in follicular fluid and increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2). These results confirm that oestradiol contributes to the continued decrease in FSH concentrations after the start of follicle deviation. Prevention of the transient LH increase, the oestradiol increase and the continued FSH decrease did not significantly alter the mean time or follicle diameters characteristic of expected follicle deviation. However, in some treated individuals (three of eight), the observed follicle deviation was delayed. In addition, these results indicate that the secretion of oestradiol into the circulation and the increase in oestradiol and IGF-I and decrease in IGFBP-2 concentrations in the follicular fluid at the start of deviation are functions of the transient increase in LH concentrations that encompasses follicle deviation.
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